chapter 7 pysch

which of the following is an example of anterograde amnesia?

Louis can remember his past, but has not been able to form new long term memories since experiencing a brain infection

what do we call the smallest distictive sound units in language?

Phonemes

Caitlin, a fifth grader, is asked to remember her second-grade teacher's name. What measure of retention will Caitlin use to answer this question?

Recall

the text discusses therapist guided recovered memories. which of the following statements represents an appropiate conclusion about this issue?

Since the brain is not sufficiently mature to store accurate memories of events before the age of 3, memories from the first 3 years of life are not reliable

which of the following illustrates a heuristic?

Using news reports of corporate fraud to estimate how much business fraud occurs in American business

which of the following most likely represents a prototype for the concept indicated in parentheses?

a golden retriever (dog)

what is another term for a methodical, logical rule that guarantees solving a particular problem?

algorithm

which of the following illustrates the serial position effect?

alp is unable to remember the middle of a list of vocabulary words as well as he remembers the first or last words on the list

which of the following is an example of flashbulb memory?

anna remembers when her father returned from an overseas military deployment because the day was very emotional for her

When instances come readily to mind, we often presume such events are common. What of the following is the term for this phenomenon?

availability heuristic

the effortful processing of information

can become automatic through practice

which of the following is the most accurate description of the capacity of short term and working memory?

can handle about a half a dozen items total

which of the following describes long term potentiation (LTP)?

changes in synapses allow for more efficient transfer of information

When someone provides his phone number to another person, he usually pauses after the area code and again after the next three numbers. This pattern underscores the importance of which memory principle?

chunking

which of the following is the best term for mental activities associated with remembering, thinking, and knowing?

cognition

"Chair," "freedom," and "ball" are all examples of what?

concepts

which of the following is the tendency to search for supportive information of preconceptions while ignoring contradictory evidence?

confirmation bias

Walking into your bedroom you think, "I need to get my backpack in the kitchen." When you reach the kitchen, you forget what you came there for. As you return to your bedroom, you suddenly remember, "Backpack!" This sudden recall is best explained by

context effects

You are more likely to remember psychology information in your psychology classroom than in other environments because of what memory principle?

context effects

which of the following is the best phrase for the narrowing of available problem solutions with the goal of determining the best solution?

convergent thinking

Producing valuable and novel ideas best defines which of the following?

creativity

which of the following statements most accurately reflects the relationship between emotions and memory?

emotion enhances memory because it is important for our survival to remember events that make us emotional

the process of getting information into memory is called

encoding

the inability to see a problem from a fresh perspective is called what?

fixation

Exceptionally clear memories of emotionally significant events are called

flashbulb memories

people are more concerned about a medical procedure when told it has a 10 percent death rate than they are when told it has a 90 percent survival rate. which psychological concept explains this difference in concern?

framing

what is another word for the way an issue is presented to you?

framing

what two parts of the brain are most involved in explicit memory?

frontal lobes and hippocampus

Group 1 is asked to write down the names of the seven dwarfs. Group 2 is asked to look at a list of possible names of the dwarfs and circle the correct seven. Why might Group 2 be more likely to recall more names?

group 2s list provides more retrieval cues, making this recognition task easier for them

the famous ebbinghaus forgetting curve indicated that how well we remember information depends on

how long ago we learned that information

Based on Herman Ebbinghaus' "forgetting curve" how will your memories for psychological concepts change?

i will forget most psychological concepts concepts soon after learning them, but the information I recall after that immediate drop will be retained for years

By presenting research participants with three rows of three letters each for only a fraction of a second, Sperling demonstrated that people have ________ memory.

iconic

Evidence of words' subtle influence on thinking best supports the notion of

linguistic determinism

Which type of memory has an essentially unlimited capacity?

long term memory

The increase in synaptic firing potential that contributes to memory formation is known as

long term potentiation

mnemonic devices are least likely to be dependent upon which of the following?

massed rehearsal

which of the following statements concerning memory is true?

memories are often a blend of correct and incorrect information

a mnemonic device is a

memory aid

When Bryan's girlfriend broke up with him, he felt very down. As he sat in his bedroom, he thought about all of the other times his heart had been broken. Bryan's experience provides an example of

mood congruent memory

the prefix pre in preview or the suffix ed in adapted are examples of

morphemes

which of the following is an accurate conclusion based on hermann ebbinghaus forgetting curve research?

most forgetting occurs early on and then levels off

which of the following kinds of information is not likely to be automatically processed?

new information

Which concept best explains why people often underestimate the amount of time it will take to complete a project?

overconfidence

you took Spanish during your sophomore year, and french during your junior year. happily, you found that knowing spanish helped you learn french. this phenomonen is best explained by

positive transfer

Juan returns to his grandparent's house after a 10-year absence. The flood of memories about his childhood visits is best explained by which of the following?

priming

the often unconscious activation of particular associations in memory is called

priming

the disruptive effect of prior learning on the recall of new information is called

proactive interference

Which test of memory typically provides the fewest retrieval cues?

recall

which of the following is an example of the primacy effect?

remembering the names of the first two coworkers you met on the first day of your new job

Sigmund Freud emphasized that the forgetting of painful experiences is caused by a process that involves

repression

The fact that older people are often less able than younger adults to recall recently learned information can be best explained in terms of the greater difficulty older people have with

retrieval

the process of getting information out of memory is called

retrieval

After learning the combination for his new locker at school, Milton is unable to remember the combination for his year-old bicycle lock. Milton is experiencing the effects of

retroactive interference

the inability to remember events in ones life which occured prior to a brain injury is known as

retrograde amnesia

which of the following abilities is an example of implicit memory?

riding a bicycle while talking to your friend about something that happened in class

deep processing is most closely associated with the concept of

semantic encoding

the basketball players could remember the main points of their coaches halftime talk, but not her exact words. this is because they encoded the information

semantically

the tendency to immediately recall the first and last items in a list better than the middle items is known as the_____ effect

serial position

the magical number seven, plus or minus two refers to the storage capacity of

short term memory

working memory is most active during which portion of the information processing model?

short term memory

a baseball strikes ashley in the head and she is momentarily knocked unconscious. the physical injury, though not serious, is most likely to interfere with ashleys

short-term memory

the pyschologist jean piaget constructed a vivid, detailed memory of being kidnapped after hearing his nursemaids false reports of such an event. his experience best illustrates

source amnesia

After his last drinking spree, Fakim hid a half-empty liquor bottle. He couldn't remember where he hid it until he started drinking again. Fakim's pattern of recall best illustrates

state dependent memory

which of the following is an example of source amnesia?

stephen misremembers a dream as something that really happened

which of the following best identifies the early speech stage in which a child speaks using mostly nouns and verbs?

telegraphic speech

which of the following is true regarding the role of the amygdala in memory?

the amygdala helps make sure we remember events that trigger strong emotional responses

what does the magical number seven plus or minus two refer to?

the capacity of short term memory

Many of the experimental participants who were asked how fast two cars in a filmed traffic accident were going when they smashed into each other subsequently recalled seeing broken glass at the scene of the accident. This experiment best illustrated

the misinformation effect

chunking refers to

the organization of information into meaningful units

What does Hermann Ebbinghaus' forgetting curve show about the nature of storage decay?

the rate of forgetting decreases as time goes on

Jamille performs better on foreign language vocabulary tests if she studies the material 15 minutes every day for 8 days than if she crams for 2 hours the night before the test. This illustrates what is known as

the spacing effect

which of the following is most likely to lead to semantic encoding of a list of words?

thinking about how words relate to your own life

which phrase best describes the concept of phonemes?

units of sound in a language

Your memory of which of the following is an example of implicit memory?

which way to turn the car key to start the engine

which of the following is an example of proactive interference?

you cant recall your new cell phone number because your old number interferes