Chapter 7 - Quiz

Before the age of about ________, human infants are not able to recognize themselves in a mirror. A- 18 months B- 32 weeks C- 8 months D- 3 years

A- 18 months

Psychologists must be careful when interviewing children about events such as potential crimes because A- children are especially vulnerable to suggestion. B- children's schemas are insufficient for identifying criminals. C- important details could be forgotten. D- children could be traumatized by thinking about a crime.

A- children are especially vulnerable to suggestion.

Ebbinghaus discovered the law of ________, which says that people tend to remember things better when they spread their learning out over long intervals rather than cram it into short ones. A- distributed versus massed practice B- strategic short-term retention C- temporal memorization D- memory sensitivity over time

A- distributed versus massed practice

The brain of the North American bird known as the Clark's nutcracker has an unusually large ________, which may help explain how the bird finds food it buried over a wide area months earlier. A- hippocampus B- hypothalamus C- parietal lobe D- frontal cortex

A- hippocampus

One theory for why short-term memories fade is decay—that is, they just fade away over time. An alternative theory is ________, which posits that memories compete with newer input for mental space. A- interference B- obstruction C- impediments D- deterioration

A- interference

The penny array test demonstrates that in order to remember something, we must first A- pay attention to it. B- use a mnemonic device. C- find room for it in our long-term memory storage. D- correctly encode it in our sensory memories.

A- pay attention to it.

Although this research raises ethical questions, experiments by psychiatrist Roger Pitman showed that people who received ________ for 10 days after a traumatic event did not show a physical response to a taped recreation of that event, while 43% of those given a placebo did. A- propanolol B- Ritalin C- phosphatidylserine D- Modafinil

A- propanolol

A friend read a list of words to Takeshi and then asked him to recall as many words as possible. Takeshi remembered the words at the end of the list best. This is called the A- recency effect. B- primacy effect. C- permastore effect. D- flashbulb effect.

A- recency effect.

A hint or memory prompt that helps us to recall something we've forgotten is called a A- retrieval cue. B- memory booster. C- schema. D- retention aid.

A- retrieval cue.

When researchers gave Italian undergraduates newspaper stories that implied that demonic possession was a common phenomenon in their culture, what percentage of students ultimately said they believed they had witnessed a demonic possession? A- 92% B- 18% C- 37% D- 0%

B- 18%

That frustrating feeling of knowing you know something but can't pull it out of your brain at the moment you want it is known as the TOT phenomenon because A- it was identified by the research team of Tattinger, Osprey, and Thomas. B- TOT stands for tip-of-the-tongue. C- it only happens to very young children or "tots." D- TOT stands for Too Old to Think.

B- TOT stands for tip-of-the-tongue.

More than 300 convicted prisoners have been released because DNA evidence showed they were innocent despite confident testimony from A- prosecutors. B- eyewitnesses. C- psychologists. D- forensic specialists.

B- eyewitnesses.

Although it is presented as the most common kind of memory loss in the popular media, with depictions of someone losing all memory of his or her past, ________ is not actually the most common kind of amnesia. A- infantile amnesia B- generalized amnesia C- retrograde amnesia D- anterograde amnesia

B- generalized amnesia

When we've encountered a stimulus before, we are able to identify it more quickly and easily. The term for this subtype of implicit memory is A- conditioning. B- priming. C- habituation. D- sensitization.

B- priming.

Although using ________ can sometimes lead to mistakes, they provide us with a frame of reference for interpreting new situations. A- interpretive expectations B- schemas C- storage menus D- disambiguation tables

B- schemas

Amber, age 5, told her mother that she was sure she could remember the three things to ask her kindergarten teacher when she got to school. But when Amber reached school, she could only remember one for sure. Because younger children have not yet developed their meta-memory skills to the extent that older children have, they can be mistaken about A- reports of abuse. B- their own memory abilities. C- eyewitness accounts. D- conditioning experiences.

B- their own memory abilities.

Due to a psychological condition called ________, when someone witnesses a crime in which a gun was involved, their description of the criminal's face can be less accurate than if they had felt less threatened. A- forced testimony B- weapon focus C- segmentation D- sequentialing

B- weapon focus

Lufti had been a victim of a crime, and it left terrible memories. Which part of the brain plays an important role in remembering the emotional content of the memory of a frightening event? A- Forebrain B- Hippocampus C- Amygdala D- Thalamus

C- Amygdala

Bill's shoe size grew at about the same rate as his memory span. How was such a thing possible? A- Larger feet allow children to run and play better, increasing their store of memories. B- Children with larger feet tend to have happier memories. C- Because children grow at different rates, this correlation reflects a biological maturity component to memory span. D- Children with small feet tend to be more intelligent than their larger-footed age mates.

C- Because children grow at different rates, this correlation reflects a biological maturity component to memory span.

Orland's granddaughter, Dalia, loved to listen to Orland talk about facts in the distant past and experiences he had many years ago. History seemed to come alive to Dalia when Orland talked. Orland was using his A- sensory memory. B- meta-memory. C- long-term memory. D- cryptomnesia.

C- long-term memory.

Remembering complex information by mentally placing it in a familiar place, such as your childhood home or the route you take to work, is called the A- place-based mnemonic. B- space available method. C- method of loci. D- keyword method.

C- method of loci.

Which of the following indicates a process of intentionally recalling information? A- Priming B- Magic Number C- Implicit memory D- Explicit memory

D- Explicit memory

Long-term potentiation enhances the release of which neurotransmitter into the synaptic cleft, resulting in enhanced learning? A- Glycine B- Anadamide C- Aspartate D- Glutamate

D- Glutamate

A small subset of people with ________ have remarkable memories for certain, specific types of things—for example, Kim Peek's ability to memorize the zip codes for every town in the United States. A- dissociative identity disorder B- narcolepsy C- hyperthymestic syndrome D- autism spectrum disorder

D- autism spectrum disorder

Olivia's instructor said she had plagiarized several paragraphs in her term paper. Olivia was stunned. She hadn't knowingly copied the material. Unintentional plagiarism has been attributed to ________, when someone says they forgot having been exposed to the plagiarized material earlier and thought they had created it themselves. A- misinformation effect B- suggested memory C- monitoring failure D- cryptomnesia

D- cryptomnesia