Chapter 7 Quiz Sociology

Why do members of the lower class exercise less often?

Exercise is a luxury often accessible only to those who do not have to struggle with day-to-day existence.

What is realistic about so-called Cinderella stories like the film Pretty Woman, where a low-status woman marries a wealthy, powerful man?

When class boundaries are crossed, women usually marry up while men marry down.

Poverty can be defined in either relative or absolute terms. How is poverty defined according to relative deprivation?

by comparing the poor with more affluent members of society

Poverty can be defined in either relative or absolute terms. How is poverty defined according to absolute deprivation?

by considering access to food, shelter, clothing, and medical care

The marriage of Prince Harry, a white man and member of the British royal family, and Meghan Markle, a mixed-race American actress, is an example of _____.

heterogamy

Unlike students at public schools, private school students are often offered the opportunity to learn tennis and golf. This is because _____.

in terms of social reproduction, it is important to offer such experiences to upper class children

A young girl from a poor family is sent to live with wealthy distant relations. Her relations expect her to take care of the household cooking and cleaning instead of going to school. They do not pay her and threaten her when she attempts to return home. Her situation is an example of

modern slavery

What system of stratification is commonly used in modern capitalist societies?

social class

The folk-pop singer Jewel is famous for having lived in her van when she first moved to San Diego and started performing in a coffee shop. Soon after Atlantic Records signed her, her advance allowed her to rent a house and buy a new car. Of what class-based phenomenon is this an example?

social mobility

What does Pierre Bourdieu call the tendency of social class to be passed down from one generation to the next and consequently remain relatively stable over time?

social reproduction

George recently learned that among a tribe of Kenya there is a social hierarchy based on gender and age, with men and elders at the top. George has learned about this tribal society's

social stratification

Mother Teresa was a person with tremendous power and prestige yet she was very poor. Mother Teresa is an example of which of the following?

status inconsistency

To what social class do "white collar" workers, workers employed in technical and lower-management positions, belong?

the middle class

Many workers at auto plants in Michigan lost their jobs when plants closed. What has this resulted in for the vast majority of these workers?

vertical social mobility

The upper class makes up just 1 percent of the total U.S. population, but its total net worth is greater than that of ________ percent of the rest of the population.

99

Which of the following is one of the basic principles of social stratification?

It is maintained through beliefs that are widely shared in a society.

Which theorist believed that economic relationships were the only social relationships that mattered?

Karl Marx

Which is true of social mobility in a caste system?

There is little or no chance of social mobility.

How does social class relate to race, ethnicity, gender, and age in the United States today?

These multiple dimensions of status and inequality intersect to shape who we are and how we live.

How is Max Weber's idea of social class different from Karl Marx's?

Weber believed that wealth, power, and prestige could all affect a person's social class.

What do sociologists call awareness of our own and others' class statuses?

class consciousness

Jorge lives in a high poverty neighborhood in a small city. He and his neighbors feel like the mayor and city council don't take their concerns seriously or try to address problems in their community so they've stopped seeking help from the local government and have become disengaged from politics. This exemplifies which concept?

disenfranchisement

Karl Marx spent much of his life attempting to understand and describe how capitalism works. In one particularly vivid passage, he described the turbulence he saw as inherent in capitalism: "All that is solid melts into air, all that is holy is profaned, and man is at last compelled to face with sober senses his real condition of life and his relations with his kind." What sort of relationships did he think his readers had with other people?

economic relationships

Oscar Lewis was the first to suggest that the poor develop a way of life with fundamentally different values and goals because they are excluded from mainstream social life. Consequently, they are much less likely to join the middle class. This way of life is usually called

the culture of poverty.

An accountant with a college degree and a license from the state accounting board works for the Department of Defense as a senior auditor. He makes about $100,000 a year and will soon retire with benefits and a pension. To what class would you expect him to belong?

upper-middle class