Chapter 7 Review
Select the two that apply. The ocean current is being deflected to the right due to the Coriolis effect. Because the current is located in the Southern Hemisphere, the subtropical gyre pulls the current in a counterclockwise direction. The current is being pulled in a clockwise direction because the subtropical gyre is located in the Southern Hemisphere. The Coriolis effect deflects ocean currents in the Southern Hemisphere to the left due to Earth's rotation.
- Because the current is located in the Southern Hemisphere, the subtropical gyre pulls the current in a counterclockwise direction. - The Coriolis effect deflects ocean currents in the Southern Hemisphere to the left due to Earth's rotation.
Of the following locations, where would upwelling be expected to occur? Choose all that apply. - Where seamounts or tablemounts are present - Where there is a sharp bend in a coastline - In areas of diverging surface currents - In areas of converging surface currents - In regions with a well-developed pycnocline
- Where seamounts or tablemounts are present - Where there is a sharp bend in a coastline - In areas of diverging surface currents
Which force(s) drive(s) water circulation in the deep ocean? Choose all that apply. wind differences in water pH differences in water temperature differences in water salinity differences in water density
- differences in water temperature - differences in salinity - differences in water salinity
Surface ocean currents ___. CHOOSE ALL THAT APPLY. - form large rotating gyres in the major ocean basins - are driven by winds - are influenced by Coriolis effect - transfer large amounts of heat from the high latitudes toward the equator
- form large rotating gyres in the major ocean basins - are driven by winds - are influenced by Coriolis effect
Of the following gyres, which one(s) flow in a counterclockwise direction? Choose all that apply. Indian Ocean Subtropical Gyre North Atlantic Subtropical Gyre North Pacific Subtropical Gyre South Atlantic Subtropical Gyre Northern Hemisphere Subpolar Gyres South Pacific Subtropical Gyre
- south Atlantic - South Pacific - northern hemisphere - indian
Of the following statements about the Ekman spiral and Ekman transport, which is/are true? Choose all that apply. - Ekman transport is the driving force for thermohaline flow. - Ekman transport results in converging surface currents along the equator. - Ekman transport is to the right of the wind direction in the Northern Hemisphere. - Ekman transport can result in both upwelling and downwelling. - The Coriolis effect causes surface waters to move at an angle relative to the wind direction. - In the deeper layers of the Ekman spiral, water can move in a direction opposite of the wind direction.
-Ekman transport can result in both upwelling and downwelling. - The Coriolis effect causes surface waters to move at an angle relative to the wind direction. - In the deeper layers of the Ekman spiral, water can move in a direction opposite of the wind direction. - Ekman transport is to the right of the wind direction in the Northern Hemisphere.
In which direction does the surface current move in relation to the wind in the Southern Hemisphere? 90 degrees to the right 45 degrees to the right 45 degrees to the left in the same direction 90 degrees to the left
45 degrees to the left
To produce a surface current of 1.6 knots in the open ocean, a steady wind of _____ knots would be required. 50 40 80 60 100
80
Based on the graph, which of the following has the lowest temperature? Antarctic Bottom Water (AABW) Antarctic Intermediate Water (AAIW) Mediterranean Intermediate Water (MIW) North Atlantic Central Surface Water (NACSW) North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW)
Antarctic Bottom Water (AABW)
Coastal winds can cause upwelling or downwelling due to which of the following? Geostrophic current Equatorial upwelling Ekman transport Eastern intensification Western intensification
Ekman transport
Based on the graph, which of the following has the highest salinity? Antarctic Bottom Water (AABW) Antarctic Intermediate Water (AAIW) Mediterranean Intermediate Water (MIW) North Atlantic Central Surface Water (NACSW) North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW)
Mediterranean Intermediate Water (MIW)
Based on the graph, which of the following has the lowest density? Antarctic Bottom Water (AABW) Antarctic Intermediate Water (AAIW) Mediterranean Intermediate Water (MIW) North Atlantic Central Surface Water (NACSW) North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW)
North Atlantic Central Surface Water (NACSW)
Palm trees associated with the subtropics can be found at the northern tip of the British Isles in Scotland. This is due to the transfer of heat from the - cold salt brine - North Atlantic current - coastal upwelling - thermohaline circulation - high latitudes
North Atlantic current
Palm trees associated with the subtropics can be found at the northern tip of the British Isles in Scotland. This is due to the transfer of heat from the ___ thermohaline circulation costal upwelling high latitudes North Atlantic current
North Atlantic current
The thermocline is _________________. - a steep gradient in the ocean that separates deeper saltier water from less salty upper water - a steep gradient in the ocean that separates deeper less salty water from saltier upper water. - a steep temperature gradient in the ocean that separates deeper cold water from warmer upper water - a steep temperature gradient in the ocean that separates deeper warm water from colder upper water
a steep temperature gradient in the ocean that separates deeper cold water from warmer upper water
Which of the following methods are used to measure ocean surface currents directly? -Propeller flow meters -Radar altimeters -Free-drifting Argo floats -Accidental spills from container ships -Radio-transmitting float bottles
accidental spills from container ships
Warm ocean currents ___. - are warmer than 15 degrees Celsius - are warmer than the surrounding water - generally flow along the west coasts of continents - generally flow from high latitudes towards the equator
are warmer than the surrounding water
Waters along the California coast are colder than those along the mid-Atlantic shore of the U.S. because________ occurs as surface waters move away from the coast. - cold salt brine - North Atlantic current - coastal upwelling - thermohaline circulation - high latitudes
coastal upwelling
Why do the lengths of the arrows in the Ekman spiral get shorter and shorter as you move deeper into the water column? -the temperature gets colder with depth. -The Coriolis effect weakens as depth increases. -There is less light transmission with increased depth. -There is less water in each progressive layer. - Deeper water moves at a slower speed due to friction.
deeper water moves at a slower speed due to friction
Thermohaline circulation is driven by: latitude. the Coriolis effect. wind. density differences. longitude.
density differences
Converging surface waters are areas of ________ and ________ productivity. downwelling; low downwelling; high upwelling; high upwelling; low
downwelling;low
Which of the following methods are used to measure deep ocean currents directly? -Propeller flow meters -Radar altimeters -Free-drifting Argo floats -Accidental spills from container ships -Radio-transmitting float bottles
free drifting argo floats
Cool ocean currents ___. - are warmer than 15 degrees Celsius - are warmer than the surrounding water - generally flow along the west coasts of continents - generally flow from high latitudes towards the equator
generally flow from high latitudes towards the equator
Freezing seawater at _____ leads to increases in salinity and density.
high latitudes
What is the Walker Circulation Cell? It is the path that air takes as it moves from high to low pressure, and back to high pressure, in the North Pacific under normal conditions. It is the path that air takes as it moves from high to low pressure, and back to high pressure, in the South Atlantic under El Niño conditions. It is the path that air takes as it moves from high to low pressure, and back to high pressure, in the South Pacific under normal conditions. It is the path that air takes as it moves from high to low pressure, and back to high pressure, in the South Atlantic under normal conditions. It is the path that air takes as it moves from high to low pressure, and back to high pressure, in the South Pacific under El Niño conditions.
it is the path that air takes as it moves from high to low pressure, and back to high pressure, in the South Pacific under normal conditions
What is the overall effect of the stronger than normal trade winds typical of La Niña conditions? raising of the South Pacific ocean temperature from normal conditions flipping of the South Pacific ocean current direction from normal conditions swapping of the South Pacific high and low pressure zones from normal conditions lowering of the South Pacific ocean temperature from normal conditions
lowering of the South Pacific ocean temperature from normal conditions
The subtropical gyres ___. - result from changes in water density (due to temperature and salt content) - drive the trade winds - are only important because the currents affect ships crossing them - play a large role in climate
play a large role in climate
Which of the following methods are used to measure ocean surface currents indirectly? - Accidental spills from container ships - Propeller flow meters - Pressure gradients - Free-drifting Argo floats - Radio-transmitting float bottles
pressure gradients
Which of the following methods are used to measure ocean surface currents directly? - Accidental spills from container ships - Propeller flow meters - Pressure gradients - Free-drifting Argo floats - Radio-transmitting float bottles
radio transmitting float bottles
Deep ocean currents ___. -result from changes in water density (due to temperature and salt content) -include deep water that rises in the North Atlantic and surface water that sinks in the Pacific and Indian Oceans -are primarily driven by wind patterns
result from changes in water density
Records indicate that the ocean is warming faster in the Arctic polar regions than elsewhere. If that continues, a possible consequence could be __________. increased albedo in the polar areas, resulting in the cooling of nearby landmasses slowing of deep ocean circulation, resulting in lower oxygen levels in deep water an increase in upwelling in the Arctic, resulting in increased surface biological productivity decreased humidity and precipitation in the Arctic region, resulting in aridity and the loss of boreal forests acceleration of deep ocean circulation, resulting in lower carbon dioxide levels in deep water
slowing of deep ocean circulation, resulting in lower oxygen levels in deep water
Between summer and winter, which of the following currents reverses its flow direction? Falkland Current Somali Current California Current Florida Current Brazil Current
somali current
Which of the following Atlantic Subtropical gyre boundary currents is split into two by a large landmass? North Atlantic Current Benguela Current South Equatorial Current Canary Current Brazil Current
south equatorial current
_____ is caused by density changes near the poles and equator thermohaline circulation costal upwelling high latitudes North Atlantic current
thermohaline circulation
___is caused by density changes near the poles and equator. - cold salt brine - North Atlantic current - coastal upwelling - thermohaline circulation - high latitudes
thermohaline circulation
Deep ocean current movement is also known as __________. Walker circulation the Antarctic Divergence thermohaline flow Ekman transport equatorial downwelling
thermohaline flow
In the southern hemisphere, the direction of Ekman transport is always: -to the left of the wind direction. -to the east of the wind direction. -at a 45° angle from the wind direction. -to the right of the wind direction. perpendicular to the wind direction.
to the left of the wind direction
Equatorial currents are driven by the: westerlies. Coriolis force. Ekman transport. trade winds. density.
trade winds
Surface waters are pushed away from land and replaced by nutrient-rich bottom water through: sea breezes. convergence. downwelling. upwelling. land breezes.
upwelling
Warm core rings and cold core rings are associated with __________. tropical cyclones equatorial countercurrents contour currents eastern boundary currents western boundary currents
western boundary currents
What factor(s) drive(s) Ekman transport? Choose all that apply. water salinity Coriolis effect boat movement wind water temperature
wind and the Coriolis effect
