Chapter 7

The word encaustic comes from the Greek word for:

"burning in"

qualities of easel painting might make them a preferred means of painting for artists

An easel allows the artist to comfortably work while facing the painting. An easel painting can be hung on any wall big enough to accommodate it. An easel is compact and portable.

Which of the following are some advantages of the fresco medium?

It is a highly durable painting technique. It can be used to paint large architectural surfaces, such as walls or ceilings.

The artist Petra Cortright is part of a movement called Blank______ art—a group of artists who use digital images found online as the basis for their artworks.

post-internet

An intriguing aspect of ___is that the image is not on the material but, rather, embedded in the material, part of its essence.

tapestry

The earliest examples of encaustic painting that have been found were found where?

Egypt

How does an artist blend colors when using oil paint?

One color is added into another color that is not yet dry.

What is a cartoon as it pertains to the fresco medium?

a full-size drawing that serves as a guide to the artist

Jacob Lawrence preferred what painting medium?

tempera

Painters who use tempera most commonly build up forms gradually with fine hatching and cross-hatching, much like a drawing, because of what characteristic?

It dries very quickly.

Which characteristics accurately describe the pastel medium?

It is a dry medium. Pastel colors can be seamlessly blended. Once pastel is drawn on, a wet brush can be applied to create a wash of color.

Select all the benefits of creating digital paintings as opposed to traditional paintings.

Digital art can be printed onto a diverse array of supports. Digital images found online and manipulated with image-making software can be copied an infinite number of times. Digital paintings can be stored entirely inside a computer and "transported" instantaneously.

Katharina Grosse's installation One Floor Up More Highly challenges the traditional boundaries of easel painting.

Applications of color span a variety of surfaces, such as walls, windows, fiberglass sculptures, and piles of earth, among others. Grosse did not intend the installation to be perceived as a single, unified composition from an outside point of view. Grosse intended the installation to be experienced from inside, moment by moment.

Which qualities best describe oil paint?

Applications of oil paint can be easily scraped away for revisions or effects. It can be applied in a range of consistencies.

Select all the benefits of creating a mixed media work as opposed to a single medium work.

Artists can take advantage of each material's unique visual and textural qualities. Mixing media gives artists greater freedom to execute their ideas with a variety of materials.

In which manner is a mosaic similar in composition to a pointillist painting?

Both mosaic and pointillist artists possess the same impulse to deconstruct an image.

Which practices connect post-internet artists like Petra Cortright with the processes of her more traditional artistic predecessors?

Cortright refers to her digitally generated swaths of color as "brushstrokes." Cortright creates both natural and abstract forms in her work. Cortright collects digital images found online for inspiration, just as traditional artists gather drawings in sketchbooks.

Which circumstance brought about the development of acrylic paint?

Enormous developments in chemistry during the first half of the 20th century.

Which quality of mosaic makes it a medium well suited for decorating architectural surfaces such as walls, ceilings, and floors?

Given its composition of tesserae and a binder, mosaic is a sturdy medium that can withstand the elements.

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of acrylic paint? It can mimic the effects of oil paint, watercolor, gouache, and even tempera. It can be used on paper. It can be used on raw canvas. It dries slowly.Correct It dries quickly.

It dries slowly

Select all the ways Lynda Benglis's art challenges the traditional boundaries of easel painting.

It is detached from the constraints of canvases or other vertical surfaces. The compositions have a three-dimensional sculptural presence. The compositions are determined by the unrestrained flow of paint.

Which artist is known for the painting technique of placing canvas on the ground in order to drip and splatter paint from above?

Jackson Pollock

Historically, oil paints have been mixed with an array of oils depending on their individual properties. Which factors must commercial manufacturers take into account when selecting the proper oils to mix with pigments?

Lighter pigments are often ground with poppy seed or safflower oil, which do not yellow over time. Darker pigments are often ground with linseed oil, which has a tendency to yellow over time.

From a practical standpoint, mosaic differs from fresco in which sense?

Mosaic is durable enough to withstand the elements, and thus can be used for floors and outdoor surfaces.

Easel paintings first became prominent during the Blank______ period.

Renaissance

Which of the following are some unique advantages of oil paint?

Revisions to a painted surface are easy to make, as a new color can be painted into a color that is not yet dry. Colors can be easily blended. Oil paint dries very slowly, allowing artists an extended period of time to manipulate the paint.

Which aspect of Faith Ringgold's mixed media Street Story Quilt triptych enhances the narrative arc of the images?

Ringgold uses text to convey the story of A.J., the work's primary subject.

Which of the following are some disadvantages of the tempera medium?

Tempera colors do not keep, so artists must only produce enough paint for a single day's work. Tempera dries very quickly, which prevents colors from blending easily once they are applied to a support.

What happens when water is added to pastels?

The colors thin and can be treated like paint.

. Identify the ways in which Faith Ringgold's Street Story Quilt is rooted in the tradition of painting.

The figures are painted on the fabric. The work narrates the life of a Harlem resident.

Identify the ways in which Faith Ringgold's Street Story Quilt is rooted in the tradition of painting.

The figures are painted on the fabric. The work narrates the life of a Harlem resident.

Which of the following are some advantages of acrylic paints?

They can be used on a variety of supports, such as prepared or raw canvas, paper, and fabric. They can mimic the effects of oil paint, watercolor, gouache, and tempera. They can be layered into a heavy impasto or diluted with water and spread in translucent washes.

Beyond the storytelling and aesthetic qualities of tapestries, why were they popular in the Middle Ages?

They were used as wall hangings to cut down on drafts.

Which is the vehicle in acrylic paints?

acrylic reApplications of color span a variety of surfaces, such as walls, windows, fiberglass sculptures, and piles of earth, among others. Grosse did not intend the installation to be perceived as a single, unified composition from an outside point of view. Grosse intended the installation to be experienced from inside, moment by moment.sin

An ingredient that adheres the paint to a surface is called the:

binder

What function does the wet lime plaster have in the buon fresco technique?

binder

Which painting technique entails the mixing of pigment with water to be applied to wet plaster?

buon fresco

Which term describes a preliminary drawing done to scale in preparation for fresco painting

cartoon

Which painting technique entails the mixing of pigment with water to be applied to dry plaster?

fresco secco

Oil paintings can be made with a(n) ___, which is a thin veil of translucent color applied over a layer of opaque paint, creating a luminous effect.

glaze

Watercolor consists of pigment in a vehicle of water and Blank______, a sticky plant substance that acts as the binder

gum arabic

Which qualities characterize the tempera medium?

is an aqueous medium (uses water as a vehicle) uses an emulsion as its vehicle, such as milk, casein or egg yolk retains brilliance and clarity of colors for centuries

A liquid that holds the particles of pigments together without dissolving them is called the:

medium

Which are common examples of an emulsion that can be used in tempera paint?

milk egg yolk

When employing the encaustic technique, what method does an artist use to achieve the fusion of colors?

passing a heat source over the painting's surface

Which method does an artist employ to fuse the colors of encaustic paint?

passing a heat source over the surface of the painting

Like ink, which can be drawn with a pen or painted with a brush, Blank______ is a medium that exists somewhere between drawing and painting.

pastel

With fresco, pigments are mixed with water and applied to a Blank______ support.

plaster

What is the purpose of heating encaustic paint prior to its application to a support?

to allow the paint to be brushed easily

Why do artists using acrylics rest their paintbrushes in water while working?

to prevent paint from drying on the brush, which can be difficult to remove

When tempera is painted on a wood panel, how is gesso used?

to treat and seal the wood surface

Which of the following is applied thinly in translucent washes on paper?

watercolorCorrect

substances that are bound with pigment to achieve the encaustic technique.

wax resin