Chapter 7.2

As a result of voter suppression tactics in the South, African Americans in presidential elections dropped from ( ) between 1876 and 1922. By the late 1930s, it is estimated that less than ( ) of African Americans in the South were registered to vote.

( 75% to 20%) , (5%)

Inspired by () James Farmer and Bernice Fisher founded the Congress of Racial Equality (CORE) in Chicago in 1942.

( Mahatma Gandhi ), ( nonviolent direct action )

The Civil Rights Act of 1964 had ( ) major titles, and each made significant contributions to civil rights in the United States.

(eleven)

Brown v. Board of Education (1954) resulted in a 9-0 ruling that ( ) the doctrine of separate but equal. The lead attorney on the case, ( ), would later become the first African Supreme Court Justice.

(established), (Thurgood Marshall)

Which f the following statements is true about African American political empowerment during Reconstruction?

- AA voters were key to Republican Party influence in the South -More than ten African Americans served in Congress -Hundreds served in state legislatures

What role did the criminal justice sytem play in the Jim Crow South?

- Allowed whites to inflict violence on AA.s with no fear of legal consequence -Excluded African Americans from juries, judgeships, and the legal profession

What are some charachteristics of peonage in the South?

-Applied to 1/3 of farm workers on large plantations. -Made illegal in 1867, but practiced until 1940s -Demeaning labor conditions using forced labor contracts.

What was the outcome of the Atlanta Race Riot of 1906?

-Black businesses and homes were burned -20-25 Black people killed, more than 100 injured

What were some key accomplishments the Voting Rights Act of 1965?

-Creating the pre-clearance requirement -Banning literacy tests and other devices intended to supress voting

What was the combined impact of peonage and convict-leasing on the African American population?

-Enslaved 800,000 people between 1870 and 1945 -Forced African Americans to remain exploited second-class citizens.

What was the combined impact of peonage and convict-leasing on the AA population?

-Forced AA to remain exploited second-class citizens -Enslaved over 800,000 people between 1870 and 1945

What was the Atlanta Comprise?

-Offered to stop agitating for full rights and equality, if African Americans were allowed opportunities for economic improvement. -Brainchild of Booker T. Washington, to allow gradual integration of AA into society

What are some civil rights African Americans were deprived of as a result of black codes?

-Own or carry firearms -Own,sell,and lease property

What were some of the drivers of white supremacy in the South?

-Percieved threats to social status and identity of whites -Pain of military defeat -Percieved economic threats to working class whites

What were the central goals of the Democratic Party in the South after the Civil War?

-Perpetuating white supremacy -Restoring slavery

What the central goals of the Democratic Party in the South after the Civil War?

-Pertuating white supremacy -Restoring slavery

What is the Fair Housing Act of 1968?

-Prohibits discrimination in the sale,rental,financing and advertising of housing based on race,religon,and national origin

According to Title II of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, all public accomodations that engaged in interstate commerce were barred from discriminating against people based on which characteristics?

-Race or clor -National origin -Religon

What doctrine was introduced in Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)?

-Separate but Equal

What are the key beliefs of the Nation of Islam?

-Seperation of races -Black people are genetically superior to whites -Black nationalism

What was the impact of white supremacist riots and massacres from 1898-1943?

-Tens of millions of dollars in property damage -Around 700 African Americans dead and thousands injured.

Why was the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) founded?

-To allow student activists to chart their own course independently from Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) leaders.

What was the impact of the Reconstuction Amedments?

-Transformed U.S Constitution to a high degree -Considered "sleeping giants" for future political moment

What are some ways African Americans were disenfranchised at the state level, despite the 15th Amendment?

-White Primaries -Could not serve on juries -Voter ID requirements

Black Americans make up ( ) of the general population, but ( ) of the incarcerated population

13%,40%

As a product of discriminatory practices and policies, the net worth of the average white family is (), compared to the average Black family's ()

171,000, 17,150

Between 1877 and 1950, lynching resulted in ( ) deaths, with the most occurring in ( ).

4000, Georgia

How many Americans lost their lives through participation in the struggle for civil rights?

41

What was the convict lease system?

AA men were accused of false/minor crimes arrested and then leased out by the state to private businesses who would make them work in slave like conditions.

Which cause characterized the Republican Party during the Reconstruction period?

African American rights

Sort the approaches taken by Booker T. Washington and W.E.B Du Bois

Booker T. Washington: -Gradual and accomodating strategy -Atlanta Comprise -Economic rights prioritized over voting rights. W.E.B Du Bois: -Voting rights necessary for economic and social progress -Fight for full civil rights immediately -The Souls of Black Folk

What do states and counties with a history of voter suppression have to get permission from the federal government to do, according to the preclearance requirement?

Change voting laws or procedures

What was the major contribution of Freedman's Bureau with the longest term impact?

Creation of schools for African Americans throughout the South

Match the method of disenfrachisement with its description.

Poll tax: -Must pay to register to vote Literacy test: -Must demonstate "sufficent" knowledge to vote White Primary: -Restrictions on nominating candidates

What is affirmative action?

Programs by employers or schools aimed at favoring groups with history of facing discrimination

As opposed to the Congress of Racial Equality, the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) was founded and headquarted in ( ). Its first president was ( ).

South, Martin Luther King Jr

What was the impact of the state action dctrine in the Civil Rights Cases?

The Supreme Court ruled that a governmental ban on private discrimination is unconstitutional.

The Equal Employment Opportunity Commission was created as a result of ( ) of the Civil Rights Acts of 1964. It became a powerful force against employment discrimination after it gained for the right to ( ) employers and unions in 1972.

Title VII Sue

What were some methods used to suppress Black voting in the South after the Civil War?

Voting fraud, stealing ballot boxes, assasinations, politicians stirring racial resentment, use of force and violent intimidation

In 1909, a coalition of white and Black intellectuals and activists joined ( ), in NYC to found the NAACP. The organization waged a multifaceted campaign of resistance against ( ) aspects of the Jim Crow system.

W.E.B Du Bois, every

Radical Reconstuction was a short-lived ( ) program implemented when Republicans controlled ( ) chamber(s) of Congress

emancipatory, both (house and senate)

Circular No. 3591, which was issued by Attorney General Francis Biddle, ordered the Department of Justice to aggressively prosecute () cases. This crackdown was the result of persistent advocacy by Walter White, the head of the ( ).

peonage, NAACP

The legally-mandated separation of races throughout society is called ( ).

segregation

Organized white terrorist groups also formed to force and intimidate African Americans into accepting a(n) ( ) role in society.

subordinate