Chapter 7.2 End of Chapter Assessment
9. Cell membranes consist mainly of
A. Lipid bilayers.
8. The organelles that break down lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins into small molecules that can be used by the cell are called
B. Lysosomes.
14. For each of the following, indicate if the structure is found only in eukaryotes and prokaryotes: cell membrane, mitochondria, ribosome, Golgi apparatus, nucleus, cytoplasm, and DNA.
Cell membrane: both; mitochondria: only prokaryotes; nucleus: only eukaryotes; ribosomes: both; Golgi apparatus: only eukaryotes; cytoplasm: both; DNA: both.
7. In eukaryotic cells, chromosomes carrying genetic information are found in the
D. Cell membrane.
11. What is the function of a ribosome?
Ribosomes are the cellular component that make proteins from all amino acids.
12. Describe the role of the Golgi apparatus.
The Golgi apparatus's main function is the modifying, sorting and packaging of proteins for secretion. It is also involved in the transport of lipids around the cell, and the creation of lysosomes.
13. The pancreas, an organ present in certain animals, produces enzymes used elsewhere in the animals' digestive systems. Which type of cell structure(s) might produce those enzymes? Explain your answer.
The endoplasmic reticulum created ribosomes in which create proteins. Enzymes are examples of proteins. The organelle that would most likely produce the enzymes is are the ribosomes.
10. Draw a cell nucleus. Label and give the function of the following structures: chromatin, nucleolus, and nuclear envelope.
The functions of chromatin are to package DNA into a smaller volume to fit in the cell, to strengthen the DNA to allow mitosis and meiosis, and to control gene expression and DNA replication; the function of a nucleolus is to transcribe and modify ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and integrate ribosomal proteins to form immature ribosomes; the function of a nuclear envelope is to regulate the passage of macromolecules like proteins and RNA, but permit free passage of water, ions, ATP and other small molecules.
