Chapter 7:Founding a Nation, 1783-1971

Building upon the framework of the Ordinance of 1784, in what way did the Ordinance of 1785 aim to further regulate western settlement?

- Empowering the federal government to survey and subdivide western lands into square-mile sections. - reserving land and funds for public education.

Identify the states that participated in the slave trade in the years after the ratification of the Constitution

- Georgia - South Carolina

Fill in the blanks to complete the passage describing the process of breaking a tie in the electoral college.

- House of representatives -Three -One vote -Senate

What does it reveal about the Indian population in 1795?

- Although there was a designated Indian country, tribes existed throughout the United States at this time. - Conflicts between Indians and Americans took place in the South.

Fill in the blanks to complete the passage describing the Articles of Confederation.

- Centralized power - National coordination - An alliance system

Identify the statements that describe the congressional land use policies in the West during the postwar period.

- Congress had an interest in keeping the settlement process somewhat regulated. - Land sales could become a key source of revenue to the federal government.

Which of the following best describe the American identity in the early federal period?

- Embracing the ideals of equality and democracy. - Inherently associated with skin color.

Identify the aims and accomplishments of the New Jersey Plan within the Continental Congress.

- It called for a single-house Congress in each state that would cast one vote. - Smaller states, fearing the political dominance of more populous states like MA and PA, supported this plan.

The Bill of Rights is a supremely important part of the Constitution. Identify the statements that describe its legacies.

- It established the belief that federal power represented the greatest threat to personal freedom. -It established freedom of expression at the very foundation of political democracy.

Which statements decide the laws mandated by the Northwest Ordinance of 1787?

- It prohibited slavery in the Old Northwest. -It created at least three sates out of the Northwest Territory. -It pledged 'the utmost good faith' would be observed toward local Indians ad that their land would not be taken without consent.

Identify the influential founders who contributed to The Federalist papers.

- James Madison - John Jay - Hamilton

Fill in the blanks to complete the passage describing the Founding Fathers.

- Lawyers, merchants, and planters. - At college. - Restrained

Under the Articles of Confederation, what powers resided with the national government?

- Make treaties with foreign powers - Coin money

In their original forms, not all electable positions in the new American government were attained by a popular vote from the people. Which position has always been filled by a popular vote?

- Members of the House of Representatives.

Identify the groups of people who were denied the opportunity to become fully naturalized American citizens in America's first century as a sovereign country.

- Nobility who wished to retain the titles - Persons of colors.

What were the effects of the Constitution?

- Reduced the powers of the states. - Created national political institutions. - Made possible a national economic market by giving congress the power over tariffs, interstate commerce, and coining money, among others.

The ratification of the Constitution had a tremendous effect on late eighteenth-century America. Identify the statements that describe the long-term consequences.

- Slavery remained deeply entrenched in American life and politics. - It made a domestic economy possible.

The Constitution was a product of its time in that it aimed to deal with many of the questions facing early Americans. Which groups of people are specifically mentioned in the Constitution?

- Slaves. - Native Americans.

Identify the groups of people who were most commonly Anti-Federalists.

- State politicians - Small farmers

Identify the statements that describe the Bill of Rights.

- The original federal constitution didn't include a Bill of Rights. - It states that all of the rights not given to the federal government are maintained by the states and people, to ensure the national government didn't suppress the rights of citizens. - The original 10 amendments protected the basic rights of citizens, including freedom of press, religion, and the right to a jury of peers.

Read the passage from James Winthrop, Anti-Federalist Essay Signed "Agrippa" (1787)Why does Winthrop believe that a Bill of Rights is essential in the Constitution?

- The past has demonstrated that rulers take advantage of the people under their rule, so it is essential that a bill of rights be added to the Constitution to protect the individual liberties of the citizens of the United States.

Identify the statements that describe why the Federalists were successful.

- They controlled the local media. - They were successful because their opposition, the Anti-Federalists, were ineffectively organized. - They convincingly argued that a strong government would grow the economy, garnering support from both bosses, local leaders, and, as a result, their employees.

American expansion to the West was made difficult by the Native American tribes that occupied that space. What options did the government see for the future of native tribes in the West?

- They would be forced onto lands farther to the West. - Their assimilation into American society was a long-term possibility. - They would be wiped off the continent.

What was the purpose of the essays collected in The Federalist?

- To generate support for the ratification of the Constitution.

Following the Battle of Fallen Timbers in 1794, the Treaty of Greenville was established between American and Native combatants. What were the outcomes of the Treaty of Greenville?

- Tribes friendly to the federal government were granted cash payments. - Much of the upper Great Lakes region became open to white settlement.

The Articles of Confederation granted the national government limited powers. Identify the statements that describe the conflicts sparked by governance under this first written constitution.

- Wealthy property owners saw their rights constrained by poorer local majorities. - Indebted farmers, threatened with the loss of land because of failure to meet tax or mortgage payments, pressed state governments for relief.

As a slave owner who had a relationship with one of his slaves, Thomas Jefferson represents a conflicting view on slavery. Identify the ideas on race he expressed in his book Notes on the State of Virginia.

-He believed the bitter experience of slavery made blacks incapable of being loyal to the nation. -He believed the best solution to issues of race in America was to remove blacks from the country. - While he believed Indians and American would eventually merge into a single people, he did not believe in a similar merger of blacks and whites. - African-Americans were inferior to whites in intellect in a way that no democratic society could change.

Identify the aims and accomplishments of the Virginia Plan within the Continental Congress.

-It stressed establishment of a two-house legislature. - It's governing concepts bolstered the power of the larger states.

Fill in the blanks to complete the passage describing the debates over the power of the federal government.

-Property -Public Liberty -Private Liberty

Slave Trade Clause

Clause that allowed a commerce to be condemned by civilized society to be continued until 1808, meaning that Congress was not allowed to prohibit slavery until 1808.

James Madison viewed the addition of a Bill of Rights to be a very important and necessary check against future abuses of power by the national government.

False

The Anti-Federalists were driven by their desire to increase political order.

False

In the years following the Revolutionary War, negative connotations associated with skin color and race were used to justify slavery in a nation founded on the strong notion of individual freedom.

True

three-fiths clause

outlined how slaves would be counted toward state representation in the House of Representatives.

fugitive slave clause

stated that even if a slaves escaped from the South to the North, where slavery was outlawed, he or she could still be returned to an "owner" as the condition of bondage remained attached to the person.