Chapter 8
auditory canal to vestibulocochlear
Tympanic membrane Malleus Incus Stapes Oval window Cochlea Organ of Corti
Which reflex constricts pupils when we view close objects?
accommodation pupillary reflex
The ability of the eye to focus on close objects is known as ________.
accomodation
As a child, Katie was in a car accident and suffered a serious head injury that took away her ability to smell. Katie's condition is called __________.
anosmia
Blurry images due to unequal curvatures of the cornea or lens
astigmatism
Which of the following is associated with the external (outer) ear?
auricle (pinna)
Hearing receptors are connected to the
basilar membrane
Sound waves cause the
basilar membrane to vibrate first
Alkaloids
bitter receptors
What colors do completely red-green color deficient persons see?
blue and gray
Which of the following is a sex-linked condition that more often affects males?
color blindnes
Type of photoreceptor cell that detects colors
cones
Inflammation of the conjunctiva
conjunctivitis
The transparent portion of the fibrous layer of the eye is the ________.
cornea
Transparent portion of the fibrous layer
cornea
Dynamic equilibrium is detected by the
crista ampullaris
The bending of dynamic equilibrium receptors is caused by the
cupla
Hemianopia is caused by __________.
damage to the visual cortex
As you complete a special senses lab, you discover your lab partner is able to taste a substance you put on the tip of his tongue. Which cranial nerve was stimulated by these taste buds
facial nerve
Dynamic equilibrium receptors report the position of the head with respect to the pull of gravity when the body is not moving.
false
The choroid consists of an outer, pigmented layer and an inner, neural layer which is home to rods and cones.
false
The function of the pharyngotympanic (auditory) tube is to transmit sound vibrations to the eardrum (tympanic membrane).
false
he olfactory receptors are responsible for detecting taste sensations.
false
Area of greatest visual acuity
fovea centralis
The greatest visual acuity is housed in the ________.
fovea centralis
Increased pressure within the eye, which causes pain and possibly blindness
glaucoma
Simon is an 83-year-old man complaining of pain in his eyes, problems seeing things clearly, headaches, and seeing halos around lights. Simon's most likely diagnosis is __________
glaucoma
As a result of this vibration
hair cells
Hearing receptors are called
hair cells
Eyeball is "too short"
hyperopia
What is a possible cause of conduction deafness?
inability of auditory ossicles to vibrate
The auditory ossicle called the "anvil" is also known as the ________.
incus
Fluid-filled part of the ear
inner ear
Location of equilibrium receptors
inner ear
Location of otoliths
inner ear
Location of the cochlea
inner ear
Location of the vestibular apparatus
inner ear
both hearing and equilibrium
inner ear
The pupil is an opening within the ________.
iris
What gland releases tears onto the anterior surface of the eyeball?
lacrimal
Gland that releases tears
lacrimal gland
Which of the external eye muscles is controlled by cranial nerve VI (abducens)?
lateral rectus
Flexible biconvex crystal-like structure
lens
The biconvex structure that focuses light on the retina is the ________.
lens
What part of the eye is affected by cataracts?
lens
What structure of the eye focuses light on the retina?
lens
Static equilibrium is detected by
maculae
In severe cases of otitis media, a tube is implanted into the eardrum that allows for drainage. What bone of the ear is closest to the tube that is implanted?
malleus
An ear infection following an illness such as a cold can pass from the throat through the auditory (pharyngotympanic) tube to the ________.
middle ear
Location of the ossicles
middle ear
Location of the pharyngotympanic (auditory) tube
middle ear
Tympanic membrane separates the outer ear from this region
middle ear
Our sense of static equilibrium is created by the ________.
movement of otoliths along hair cells
Which of the following stimulates the hair cells found within the spiral organ of Corti?
movement of the tectorial membrane
Nearsightedness
myopia
The inability to see distant objects is termed "nearsighted" or ________
myopia
Vitamin A deficiency can lead to ________.
night blindness
The type of chemoreceptor responsible for our sense of smell is called a(n) ________
olfactory receptor
Blind spot
optic disc
Where do the axons of ganglion cells leave the eyeball?
optic disc
Which area of the retina lacks rods and cones and therefore does not detect images?
optic disc (blind spot)
he bending of static equilibrium receptors is caused by
otoliths
Location of ceruminous glands
outer ear
Location of the auricle (pinna) and external acoustic meatus
outer ear
hearing
outer ear, middle ear
The small, peglike projections of the tongue's surface are called ________.
papillae
Eyes suddenly exposed to bright light experience ________.
photopupillary reflex
The function of the choroid layer of the eye is to ________.
prevent light from scattering inside the eye
The rounded opening of the iris through which light enters the eye is called the ________.
pupil
Contains millions of photoreceptors
retina
Which layer of the eye contains rods and cones?
retina
Metal ions in solution
salty receptors
"White of the eye"
sclera
The fibrous covering of the eye consists of the white outer layer, known as the ________, and a transparent portion known as the ________.
sclera; cornea
Dynamic equilibrium receptors are located in the
semicircular canals
What part of the inner ear is contains receptors for dynamic equilibrium?
semicircular canals
What is umami?
sense of taste elicited by the amino acid glutamate
Oranges, tomatoes
sour receptors
Sugar, saccharine
sweet receptors
Hearing receptors are embedded in the
tectorial membrane
The structure that bends the hearing receptors but does not vibrate itself is
tectorial membrane
Which of the following structures of the eye would NOT be affected by conjunctivitis?
the cornea
Where are olfactory receptors located?
the superior region of the nasal cavity
An astigmatism results from unequal curvatures of the cornea or lens.
true
Conduction deafness may result from earwax buildup or the fusion of the ossicles.
true
Eye movements are controlled by the abducens, oculomotor, and trochlear nerves.
true
In order to hear sound, vibrations pass from the eardrum to the ossicles, and on to the oval window.
true
Tarsal glands situated between the eyelashes release an oily secretion that lubricates the eye.
true
The ciliary body is a smooth muscle structure to which the lens is attached
true
The visual pathway carries images to the occipital lobe of the brain for visual interpretation.
true
The structure that divides the outer ear from the middle ear is a membrane known as the ________
tympanic membrane (ear drum
Amino acid glutamate
umami receptors
Proteins
umami receptors
What is the orientation of images formed on the retina?
upside down and reversed left to right
Which one of the following cranial nerves is NOT involved in either taste or smell?
vestibular (VIII)
Static equilibrium receptors are located in the
vestibule
Type of humor located in the posterior segment
vitreous humor
Static equilibrium monitors head position when the body is not moving. Dynamic equilibrium monitors angular or rotational movements of the head when the body is moving. An example of static equilibrium occurs when nodding one's head "yes." An example of dynamic equilibrium occurs when a figure skater spins.
NOT Static equilibrium monitors angular or rotational movements of the head when the body is moving. Dynamic equilibrium monitors head position when the body is not moving. An example of static equilibrium occurs when a person is asleep. An example of dynamic equilibrium occurs when shaking one's head "no."
Prolonged vitamin A deficiency results in deterioration of the neural retina
Night blindness
What information does the brain use to interpret the source of a sound?
Sound reaches the two ears at slightly different times.