Chapter 8

Which of the teenage girls described below is at greatest risk for developing an eating disorder?

Alice is currently on a diet; her friends also diet aggressively.

With regard to drug treatments for patients with bulimia nervosa, which of the following statements is true?

Antidepressants have some effectiveness in the treatment of bulimia nervosa.

Which of the following statements is true?

Once bulimia nervosa develops, it tends to be chronic if untreated.

The hallmark of bulimia nervosa is

Out of control eating followed by compensatory behavior

A binge-eating episode is characterized by food intake of at least how many calories?

The calorie number varies from person to person; a binge-eating episode is not defined by the number of calories

Patients with bulimia nervosa often present with additional psychological disorders, particularly ________ and ________.

anxiety disorders; mood disorders

Susan, a woman of relatively normal weight, sometimes eats huge quantities of junk food with no ability to stop herself. She follows this with long periods of complete fasting. Based on this information, Susan would

be diagnosed with bulimia nervosa.

Sleep terrors and sleepwalking generally occur

during NREM sleep.

The fact that people who have unrealistic expectations, such as "I must sleep a full eight hours every night, or I will be unable to function," are more likely to experience insomnia suggests that insomnia is at least partially influenced by

cognition

The most common reason that people with anorexia nervosa generally do not seek treatment on their own is that they

do not see themselves as too thin.

Which of the following statements is true with regard to drug treatments for patients with anorexia nervosa?

Medications have not generally been found to be effective for the treatment of anorexia nervosa.

When men are asked to identify the ideal male body, they typically select a body weight that is about

equal to the average male of their age.? no, 28 pounds more muscular

The most accurate statement regarding the use of self-help diet books in the treatment of obesity is that

they work for only a very few individuals.

Two factors that help regulate our natural sleep/wake cycles are

melatonin and light.

Individuals with less control over eating, who experience feelings of withdrawal if access to food is limited show similar patterns of ____ as do those with substance abuse.

Reward neurocircuitry in the brain

Which of the following represents the typical profile of a patient with either anorexia nervosa or bulimia nervosa?

Young, white, female, upper socioeconomic status, socially competitive environment

Matilda has had anorexia nervosa for several years. She started losing weight because her family said she needed to lose a few pounds. A crucial part of treatment for Matilda is family therapy that focuses on the issues regarding

a. attitudes toward body shape and image distortions. b. negative communications in the family regarding food and eating. c. dysfunctional communication in the family regarding food and eating. d. all of the above

Cataplexy, as experienced by patients with narcolepsy, can be characterized by

a. sudden loss of muscle tone. b. physical collapse. c. slight muscle weakness. d. any or all of these

Benzodiazepine medication is not recommended as a long-term solution for the treatment of insomnia because of

a. the addictive properties of these medications. b. rebound insomnia that occurs after the medication is discontinued. c. excessive sleepiness that may persist during the day. d. all of these

Sleepwalking is characterized by all of the following EXCEPT

acting out a dream.

Genetic influences on eating disorders most likely involve

an inherited personality tendency that may make development of an eating disorder more likely.

The chief motivating factor in both anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa is

an overwhelming urge to be thin.

Of the following, the group in which we would expect to see the highest incidence of anorexia nervosa is

ballet dancers

Individuals who experience loss of control of their eating and consume great quantities of food but do not engage in any attempts to compensate for their binge would be diagnosed with

binge eating disorder.

Two forms of maladaptive eating patterns associated with obesity are ________ and ________.

binge eating disorder; night eating syndrome

The integrative model of the causes of sleep disorders suggests that most individuals develop sleep disorders as a result of the interaction between

biological and lifestyle factors

An important aspect of the cognitive-behavioral approach to the treatment of bulimia nervosa is that it involves

changing patients' dysfunctional thoughts regarding their weight and previous weight control strategies.

A severe difficulty in regulating sleep that is induced by jet lag or by working rotating shifts is an example of

circadian rhythm disruption.

As we grow older, it seems that the amount of sleep that we require

decreases

Of the following, the correct pairing is

dyssomnia - a sleep disturbance.

The most serious medical consequence of bulimia nervosa excluding death is potential

electrolyte imbalance.

All of the following are examples of behaviors that may contribute to sleep problems EXCEPT

getting out of bed if you are unable to fall asleep after a reasonable period.

Individuals suffering from insomnia disorder

have difficulty initiating or maintaining sleep.

The males most likely to develop an eating disorder such as bulimia nervosa are those who are

homosexual

Since about 1960, most Westernized countries have experienced a dramatic

increase in the incidence of anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa.

Samantha started having difficulty falling asleep during final exam week. Although exams are over, she now starts to worry about sleep right after dinner. Even the sight of her bed makes her very anxious. The fact that Samantha's insomnia continues long after the stress of exams is over points to the role of ________ in the maintenance of sleep disorders.

learning

The term sleep hygiene refers to

lifestyle

When women are asked to identify the most attractive female body weight, they typically identify a weight that is

lower than the weight identified by men.

Most individuals with bulimia nervosa are

of fairly normal body weight.

Abnormal events such as nightmares, sleep terrors, and sleepwalking that occur during sleep or during the twilight time between sleep and waking are classified as

parasomnias

Studies of the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral treatment for bulimia nervosa have demonstrated

significant short- and long-term gains in the reduction of binge eating and purging.

Sam sleeps for eight or more hours every night but never feels rested. He can't understand why he is always tired despite the fact that he reports no difficulties with the quality or quantity of his sleep. Of the following, Sam's most likely diagnosis is

sleep apnea

Joan is a six-year-old child who cries out in the middle of the night, frightened and inconsolable. Her parents are unable to comfort her during these episodes. Joan has no memory of the event in the morning. Joan may be experiencing

sleep terrors.

The strongest contributions to etiology of eating disorders seem to be

sociocultural.

The families of patients with anorexia nervosa are typically characterized as

successful and perfectionistic.

Medical treatments for severe sleep apnea include medication, mechanical devices, and

surgery.

One major problem with the use of medication in the treatment of bulimia nervosa is that

the beneficial effects of the medication may be short term.

When "resetting the biological clock" of someone with circadian rhythm sleep disorder, its easier and more effective

to make the patient's bedtime later.

Knowing about classical conditioning and learning through association, sleep experts generally recommend

using the bed for sleep and sex only

One method that may help sleep disorder patients to "reset" their biological clock (circadian rhythms) is exposure to

very bright lights.

Jody sometimes eats more than just about any other girl that you know. You wonder if her eating sometimes could be considered bingeing. In order to determine this, you would have to know

whether eating gets to be out of her control.

What body mass index (BMI) level is considered starvation?

16

The median range for onset for bulimia nervosa and anorexia nervosa is

18 to 21

When individuals with anorexia nervosa have been evaluated over long periods of time, it has been found that the percentage of individuals who die as a result of their disorder is ____ percent.

20

The percentage of the general population that reports some symptoms of insomnia during any year is about _ percent.

33

The approximate percentage of patients with eating disorders who will experience depression at some point in their lives is approximately ____ percent.

60

Which of the following statements best describes the relationship between alcohol and sleep?

Alcohol may help initiate sleep, but it interrupts ongoing sleep and can be the cause of a sleep disorder.

Eating disorders are most prevalent in

Western cultures where food is plentiful.