Chapter 8

Folate deficiency may cause all the following EXCEPT: Select one: a. poor growth. b. no answer is correct. c. inflammation of the tongue. d. microcytic anemia e. development of cancer.

d. microcytic anemia

Pantothenic acid is abundant in: Select one: a. apples. b. pantothenic acid is not abundant in any of these foods. c. raw spinach. d. sunflower seeds. e. pantothenic acid is abundant in all of these foods.

d. sunflower seeds.

Which is a good dietary source of thiamin? Select one: a. All of these are good dietary sources of thiamin b. Whole grains c. Sunflower seeds d. None of these are good dietary sources of thiamin e. Pork

a. All of these are good dietary sources of thiamin

Which group of people is most at risk for developing thiamin deficiency? Select one: a. Chronic alcoholics b. Tobacco users c. Older adults d. Endurance athletes e. Infants

a. Chronic alcoholics

Why is pantothenic acid deficiency rare? Select one: a. Pantothenic acid is particularly abundant in the food supply. b. Pantothenic acid is not susceptible to damage by exposure to heat. c. Pantothenic acid is produced by the body as needed. d. No answer is correct. e. Pantothenic acid supplements are widely used.

a. Pantothenic acid is particularly abundant in the food supply.

Which is the best source of vitamin C? Select one: a. Strawberries b. Dairy c. Corn d. Milk e. Beef

a. Strawberries

Choline is: Select one: a. an essential nutrient. b. no answer is correct. c. one of the B vitamins. d. a form of Vitamin C. e. needed for the synthesis of the other B vitamins.

a. an essential nutrient.

Pellagra occurs when _________ is the staple grain in the diet and the diet does not provide a mixture of different foods. Select one: a. corn b. rye c. wheat d. barley e. rice

a. corn

Folic acid supplements are most frequently recommended for: Select one: a. women who may become pregnant. b. toddlers. c. the elderly. d. post-menopausal women. e. infants.

a. women who may become pregnant.

Which is true regarding niacin? Select one: a. The niacin deficiency disease is beriberi. b. It can be synthesized in the body from the amino acid tryptophan. c. No answer is correct. d. Corn has a protective effect against niacin deficiencies. e. Eggs are a good source of preformed niacin.

b. It can be synthesized in the body from the amino acid tryptophan.

Which lifestyle factor increases the requirement for vitamin C? Select one: a. Drinking alcohol b. Smoking cigarettes c. Eating a diet high in fiber d. Exercising frequently and intensely e. No answer is correct

b. Smoking cigarettes

What is a function of vitamin B12? Select one: a. Vitamin B12 promotes the absorption of tryptophan. b. Vitamin B12 is required for nerve transmission. c. Vitamin B12 is necessary for muscle formation. d. Vitamin B12 is essential for fat metabolism. e. No answer is correct.

b. Vitamin B12 is required for nerve transmission.

What is a role of vitamin C in the body? Select one: a. Vitamin C prevents the common cold. b. Vitamin C helps to maintain body tissues. c. No answer is correct. d. Vitamin C is required for energy metabolism. e. Vitamin C promotes iron excretion.

b. Vitamin C helps to maintain body tissues.

The role of folate in DNA synthesis makes it particularly important in: Select one: a. lipid synthesis. b. rapidly dividing cells. c. no answer is correct. d. old age. e. nerve cells.

b. rapidly dividing cells.

Riboflavin forms active coenzymes that do all the following EXCEPT: Select one: a. assist with energy production from carbohydrates, proteins and fats. b. relay signals between nerve cells. c. function as electron carriers. d. no answer is correct. e. participate in the citric acid cycle.

b. relay signals between nerve cells.

Beriberi is a disease caused by lack of ________ in the diet. Select one: a. vitamin C b. thiamin c. niacin d. no answer is correct e. riboflavin

b. thiamin

Which group is at risk for folate deficiency? Select one: a. None of these groups are at risk of folate deficiency b. Smokers c. All of these groups are at risk of folate deficiency d. Premature infants e. Elderly

c. All of these groups are at risk of folate deficiency

Which physiologic process requires vitamin B12? Select one: a. Synthesis of proteins b. Activation of niacin c. Maintenance of myelin and normal nerve transmission d. No answer is correct e. Division of red blood cells

c. Maintenance of myelin and normal nerve transmission

Which statement about niacin is true? Select one: a. No answer is correct. b. There is no UL established for niacin intake. c. Niacin is important in the production of energy from dietary nutrients. d. Niacin is needed to synthesize tryptophan. e. Niacin deficiency causes adverse effects in limited areas of the body.

c. Niacin is important in the production of energy from dietary nutrients.

Which of the following does NOT affect thiamin availability in food? Select one: a. Enzymes found in raw fish b. All of these affect thiamin availability in food. c. Presence of other vitamins d. Heat, as generated in cooking e. Compounds found in blueberries, tea and coffee

c. Presence of other vitamins

What is true about thiamin? Select one: a. Thiamin can be synthesized by the body. b. Thiamin is a source of energy for physical activity c. Thiamin may be destroyed during cooking. d. Thiamin is sensitive to an acidic environment. e. No answer is correct

c. Thiamin may be destroyed during cooking.

How is vitamin B6 associated with heart disease? Select one: a. Vitamin B6 reduces the blockages found in the blood vessels. b. No answer is correct, vitamin B6 is not associated with heart disease. c. Vitamin B6 breaks down homocysteine. d. Vitamin B6 removes the LDL-cholesterol from the body. e. Vitamin B6 promotes the formation of HDL-cholesterol.

c. Vitamin B6 breaks down homocysteine.

Niacin supplements: Select one: a. are associated with an increase in heart attacks. b. no answer is correct. c. may decrease LDL cholesterol and increase HDL cholesterol. d. provide an essential energy boost. e. are commonly used in the US since niacin deficiency is a public health concern.

c. may decrease LDL cholesterol and increase HDL cholesterol.

Which statement is FALSE regarding pantothenic acid? Select one: a. Toxicity is a concern due to food enrichment in the U.S. b. All of these statements regarding pantothenic acid are true. c. It is found only in a few select foods. d. All of these statements regarding pantothenic acid are false. e. Deficiency has been associated with consumption of raw eggs.

d. All of these statements regarding pantothenic acid are false.

Which is the FALSE statement regarding biotin? Select one: a. Biotin functions in the metabolism of some amino acids. b. An RDA for biotin has not been determined. c. People on tube feedings may become deficient. d. Biotin is produced by enzymes in epithelial cells that line the small intestine. e. No answer is correct, all of these statements are true regarding biotin.

d. Biotin is produced by enzymes in epithelial cells that line the small intestine.

What is true about vitamin B6? Select one: a. No answer is correct. b. Vitamin B6 is found in only in animal food sources. c. Vitamin B6 is stable during cooking. d. Vitamin B6 is important for protein metabolism. e. Vitamin B6 is absent from both fortified grains and breakfast cereals.

d. Vitamin B6 is important for protein metabolism.

Vitamin C deficiency causes: Select one: a. no answer is correct. b. megaloblastic anemia. c. pernicious anemia. d. bleeding gums. e. hemolysis.

d. bleeding gums.

What risk might be associated with the overconsumption of fortified foods? Select one: a. Adding nutrients to foods may help reduce deficiency diseases. b. No answer is correct. c. Fortifying food leads to fewer food choices to obtain nutrients. d. Fortified foods lose nutrients more easily during cooking. e. Additional nutrient intake may increase the likelihood of toxicity.

e. Additional nutrient intake may increase the likelihood of toxicity.

Which group is LEAST at risk for developing vitamin C deficiency? Select one: a. Alcoholics b. Infants fed cows' milk c. Individuals who live in food deserts and rely on processed food sources d. Elderly people consuming nutrient poor diets e. Adults who consume plenty of fruits and vegetables

e. Adults who consume plenty of fruits and vegetables

Why is folic acid supplementation recommended for women of child bearing age? Select one: a. Since folic acid is poorly absorbed, additional intake is recommended. b. All women of child bearing age experience folic acid deficiency. c. Folic acid deficiency results from insufficient milk intake. d. No answer is correct. e. Folic acid supplementation reduces the risk of neural tube defects.

e. Folic acid supplementation reduces the risk of neural tube defects.

Which statement is NOT true? Select one: a. Vitamin deficiencies are rare in the United States. b. Vitamins are necessary in many biochemical reactions in the body. c. All of these statements are true. d. Deficiency of a fat-soluble vitamin is less likely than of a typical water-soluble vitamin. e. Vitamins provide energy.

e. Vitamins provide energy.

B6 deficiency does NOT cause: Select one: a. no answer is correct. b. neurological symptoms. c. numbness in the extremities. d. decreased antibody formation. e. anemia with large, deeply colored red blood cells.

e. anemia with large, deeply colored red blood cells.

A primary function of thiamin is to: Select one: a. promote blood clotting. b. no answer is correct. c. increase iron incorporation into hemoglobin. d. regulate cell differentiation. e. facilitate the production of energy from glucose.

e. facilitate the production of energy from glucose.

Folate deficiency symptoms are less of a problem recently because: Select one: a. green tea is more popular. b. more people are drinking low-fat milk. c. taking vitamin supplements is more common. d. most people consume the recommended amounts of folate food sources daily. e. grain products are now fortified with folate.

e. grain products are now fortified with folate.

Another name for vitamin B6 is: Select one: a. biotin. b. pyruvate. c. pantothenic acid. d. no answer is correct. e. pyridoxine.

e. pyridoxine.