Chapter 8

Which letter represents the fibular collateral ligament?

A

Which of the following illustrates circumduction?

A (This is circumduction of the shoulder. Imagine drawing a circle on the wall by moving your shoulder only. That is circumduction.)

Condylar Joint

A condylar, or ellipsoid, joint is a biaxial joint in which the oval, convex surface of one bone fits into the shallow, concave surface of the other bone.

Which of the following is NOT a function of joints?

All joints allow a wide variety and range of motions.

Which of the following components is NOT part of a synovial joint?

Epiphyseal plate cartilage Submit (A synovial joint contains articular cartilage, but not epiphyseal plate cartilage as a main component.)

The type of movement illustrated by the arrow, which will result in the palm facing posteriorly, is called __________.

Pronation (Pronation is a rotational movement that occurs at the proximal radioulnar joint of the forearm. You pronate the forearm by turning the palmar surface medially until it faces posteriorly with the thumb pointing toward the body.)

What is a function of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) of the knee joint?

The ACL prevents the tibia from moving too far anteriorly on the femur.

Which of the following is NOT a feature of cartilaginous joints?

These joints contain dense regular collagenous connective tissue.(This is a feature of fibrous, not cartilaginous, joints.)

Both synovial fluid and articular cartilage function in shock absorption and the lubrication of a synovial joint.

True

Opposition and reposition occur only at the thumb or the first carpometacarpal joint.

True

Which type of angular movement moves a body part away from the midline of the body or another reference point?

abduction

While warming up for gym class, Sheila performed a set of jumping jacks. This action involves:

abduction and adduction.

Flexion and extension are types of:

angular movements.

This is an example of a __________.

ball and socket joint (The shoulder joint between the humerus and the scapula is an example of a ball-and-socket joint. It is a multiaxial joint.)

Where would a gliding movement most likely occur?

between the intercarpal joints of the wrist

Pow! A firecracker explodes close to you. Your mouth drops open in surprise, a movement known as:

depression.

Synovial joints are __________.

diarthroses

A freely moveable joint is classified as a __________.

diarthrosis

Two bones joined by dense regular collagenous connective tissue form a __________.

fibrous joint

While eating, you move your forearm and hand from the plate of food toward your face. Classify the movement occurring at the elbow joint.

flexion

What is this movement called?

flexion (Flexion is an angular movement that decreases the angle between the articulating bones by bringing the two bones closer together.)

Shaking the head to indicate "yes" involves __________.

flexion and extension of the neck (Flexion and extension of the neck allow you to shake your head to say "yes.")

Wearing braces and retainers will have an effect on __________.

gomphoses

What is this type of fibrous joint?

gomphosis

The elbow joint is an example of a __________.

hinge joint

What feature is NOT one of the three unique features of the synovial joint?

is: lubrication metabolic functions shock absorption is not:covered by a serous membrane tendon sheath

The hip joint is an example of a __________.

multiaxial joint (The hip can flex and extend (axis 1), abduct and adduct (axis 2), and rotate and circumduct (axis 3).)

A uniaxial joint that allows for rotation and consists of a bone with a rounded surface that fits into a groove on another bone is called a __________.

pivot joint (The joint between the atlas and the axis is an example of a pivot joint.)

The least mobile synovial joint, which is comprised of two bones whose flat surfaces articulate with each other, is called a __________.

plane joint

Which type of synovial joint is the simplest and least mobile and includes the intercarpal joints of the wrist?

plane joint

The intercarpal and intertarsal joints are examples of __________.

plane joints (Plane joints are also known as gliding joints. They are nonaxial, as they allow only side to side "gliding" movements.)

Elizabeth fell down a flight of stairs. The angle between her right foot and the tibia increased as her toes were bent toward the ground. What movement do you think caused her to injure her foot?

plantar flexion

Which of the following is NOT a function of synovial fluid?

protect tendons

Where can pronation and supination occur?

proximal radioulnar joint of the forearm

Which of the following is a matching pair?

radial collateral ligament; elbow

What is this type of synovial joint?

saddle joint

Which of the following is NOT a location where a hinge joint is found?

shoulder

The glenoid cavity is the socket of the __________.

shoulder joint Submit (The glenoid cavity articulates with the head of the humerus to form the shoulder joint.)

Which of the following movements is an example of abduction?

spreading the fingers apart

Fibrous joints are built for:

stability.

Which type of fibrous joint is found between bones of the cranium?

suture

Which of the following is/are classified as fibrous joints?

sutures, syndesmoses, and gomphoses

A herniated disc of the vertebral column would be an injury affecting a __________.

symphysis (Intervertebral joints are symphyses located between adjacent vertebral bodies of the spinal column and have fibrocartilage pads, or discs.)

What is this type of joint?

symphysis, This is a symphysis, a type of cartilaginous joint and amphiarthrosis in which the bones are united by a tough fibrocartilage pad.

Functionally, how are cartilaginous joints classified?

synarthroses or amphiarthroses

Due to an accident on the playground, Kayleigh wears a cast to immobilize her elbow. What functional class of joint does this immobilization resemble?

synarthrosis

The most moveable fibrous joints are the __________.

syndesmoses

The structure that connects muscle to bone is called a __________.

tendon (Tendons typically cross over or around a joint so that when a muscle contracts, the force generated is transmitted across the joint. They also stabilize joints.)

Although both the shoulder and hip are ball-and-socket joints, the hip is more stable because of its role in weight bearing and locomotion.

true

Synovial joints are different from cartilaginous and fibrous joints due to the presence of a joint (synovial) cavity.

true