Chapter 8 CONNECT Practice Qs

Infants whose skins have developed an orange or yellowing hue most likely have eaten a lot of baby food containing

-winter squash -carrots -green beans

Cells require vitamin _ to make coenzymes that participate in a variety of cellular processes, including transfer of CH3 groups in the metabolism of folate.

B-12

Who would be most at risk for developing vitamin deficiencies?

-alcoholics -elderly persons

During a vitamin A deficiency, excess keratin can be formed in the

-cornea -skin

The body is able to store which group of vitamins?

Fat-soluble vitamins

What is a symptom of a riboflavin deficiency?

Fatigue

____ is the most active form of vitamin A in the body

Retinol

What is the name of a substance that removes electrons from atoms or molecules?

Oxidant

What are some food sources of riboflavin?

-Spinach -Yogurt -Milk

Pork, wheat germ, and yeast are all good sources of which vitamin?

Thiamin

______ is a water-soluble vitamin that is used to make a coenzyme that participates in chemical reactions involved in the release of energy from carbohydrates.

Thiamin

The condition that arises when one over consumes foods and/or supplements containing beta-carotene is called ___ .

carotenemia

The yellow-orange pigments in fruits and vegetables are called _____ .

carotenoids

Adding a part of margarine to steamed carrots or tossing vegetables in salad dressing are two ways to improve the absorption of ___-soluble vitamins.

fat

Vitamins A, D, E, and K are considered the ____ vitamins.

fat-soluble

Liver, legumes, broccoli, and orange juice are all good sources of:

folate

Vitamins A and D are often added to milk, and ready-to-eat cereals are often sprayed with additional vitamins. These are examples of

fortification

A molecule that has been reduced, has ___ one or more electrons.

gained

During infancy, adolescence, and pregnancy,, a person's vitamin needs:

increase

Excess consumption of Vitamin A can damage the

liver

The deficiencies of B-12 and folate can result in ______ ______ .

megaloblastic anemia

Spina bifida and anencephaly are both ____ ____ defects that can occur wen a pregnant woman does not receive enough folate.

neural tube

An early sign of vitamin A deficiency is called

night blindness

The adult form of rickets is called ___ .

osteomalacia

People who lack intrinsic factor and thus cannot absorb Vitamin B-12 develop the disease called ____ _____.

pernicious anemia

An agent that causes birth defects is called a

teratogen

Which foods are good sources of vitamin D?

- Herring - Milk - Salmon

What roles does vitamin D play in the body?

- Metabolism of calcium - Production of bones - Maintenance of bones

In the body, pantothenic acid is important for

- energy metabolism - fatty acid production

Conditions that can result in a biotin deficiency include:

- long term antibiotic therapy - surgical removal of the colon

What are some food sources of folate?

-Asparagus -Liver -Leafy vegetables

Which of the following is true about radicals?

-It is a substance with an unpaired electron -It removes electrons from more stable molecules -It is highly reactive

What are some signs of scurvy?

-Loose teeth -Bruised skin -Swollen gums

What are some of the signs and symptoms of rickets?

-Muscle pain -Soft bones -Misshapen bones

Which of the following is true about coenzymes?

-Regulates a chemical reaction -Cofactor

Which of the following are considered roles of vitamins?

-Regulates a variety of body processes -Involved in the growth and development of tissues

Rank in order the sequence of events in the digestion and absorption of Vitamin B12.

1. Hydrochloric acid separates B-12 from animal protein. 2. The stomach secretes intrinsic factor 3. B-12 binds to intrinsic factor (IF) 4. The IF/B-12 complex enters the cells and the complex breaks apart. 5. B-12 binds to a carrier molecule for transport in the blood.

Rank the sequence of steps involved in the role of vitamin A in the visual cycle.

1. In the dark, retinal binds to opsin to form rhodopsin 2. Light activates rhodopsin, causing it to change shape 3. Activated rhodopsin stimulates rod cell changes that result in vision 4. Retinal detaches from opsin

Vitamin _ participates in the development of epithelial cells, the production of white blood cells, and bone growth.

A

What describes the degree of potency of a vitamin?

Biological activity

Many Americans consume less than the recommended amounts of vitamins

D, E, and choline.

Niacin participates in which of the following?

Energy metabolism

Which of the following best describes how an antioxidant works?

Gives up electrons and radicals

What is the name of the protein in RBCs that transports oxygen?

Hemoglobin

What is the primary site of vitamin absorption?

Small intestine

Where does vitamin C absorption occur?

Small intestine

True or False: It is unlikely that there are undiscovered vitamins.

True

Match each vitamin with its function.

Vitamin A = immune function Thiamin = Energy metabolism Folate = Blood formation

What vitamin deficiency will result in blood that does not clot effectively?

Vitamin K

Abnormal eye movements, staggering gait, and distorted thought processes are alll signs of ______ syndrome.

Wernicke-Korsakoff

Carrots, sweet potatoes, broccoli, and mangoes are all good sources of __________, a carotenoid that the body can convert to vitamin A.

beta-carotene

Panthothenic acid is a component of

coenzyme A.

When an atom gains one or more electrons, it has been:

reduced

The deficiency disease for vitamin C is called ____.

scurvy

The water-soluble vitamins include

vitamin C the B vitamins

Vitamins provide ____ kilocalories per gram

zero