Chapter 8: Exercise Metabolism & Bioenergetics

As activity intensity increases, the usage of carbohydrate as an energy source becomes 50%, and the usage of fat becomes 50%. What is this metabolic marker referred to as? A. ventilatory threshold 1 (VT1) B. ventilatory threshold 2 (VT2) C. ventilatory threshold 3 (VT3) D. ventilatory threshold 4 (VT4)

A

If someone went out for a 5-mile jog with their friend, which energy system would provide most of the ATP for this activity? A. Oxidative phosphorylation B. The ATP-PC system C. Glycolysis D. Beta-oxidation

A

Match the definition with the appropriate word: The rate at which the body expends energy (calories) when fasted and at complete rest, such as asleep or lying quietly. A. resting metabolic rate B. exercise activity thermogenesis C. thermic effect of food D. nonexercise activity thermogenesis

A

What are ways that the ATP-PC system provides high-intensity, short-duration bouts of energy for activity? A. strength and power training B. lengthy marathon runs C. jogs for 10 miles D. swimming at an intermediate intensity for 30 min.

A

When glucose is broken down via glycolysis, what molecule is created that could also be oxidized under aerobic conditions? A. Pyruvate B. Glycogen C. Fatty acids D. Amino acids

A

Which law is the one that states that energy can neither be created nor destroyed, and only converted from one form to another? A. first law of thermodynamics B. second law of thermodynamics C. third law of thermodynamics D. law of gravitational pull

A

Which of the following conditions would produce nutritional ketosis in the body? A. A very low-carbohydrate diet B. A low-protein diet C. A caloric surplus D. High-intensity exercise

A

Which of the following is a limiting factor for how long anaerobic glycolysis can proceed? A. Free hydrogen ions B. Lack of fatty acids C. Lack of pyruvate D. Depletion of phosphocreatine

A

Which of the following would make a person better at oxidizing fat? A. Having more mitochondria in their muscle B. Having more fat stored on their body C. Having more glycogen stored in their muscle D. Having less oxygen delivery to the muscle

A

A client plans to go for a 10-mile run, but they become fatigued after 7 miles, so they stop. What is the most likely cause of this fatigue? A. ADP was depleted. B. Glycogen stores were exhausted. C. Phosphocreatine was depleted. D. Fatty acid stores were exhausted.

B

Before amino acids can be used to make ATP, what process do they have to go through? A. Oxidation B. Gluconeogenesis C. Glycolysis D. Oxidative phosphorylation

B

If someone were performing repeated sprints with each sprint lasting between 30 and 90 seconds, which energy system would be contributing the most to ATP production during this activity? A. The electron transport chain B. The ATP-PC system C. Oxidative phosphorylation D. Glycolysis

D

If pyruvate is being created via glycolysis faster than oxygen can be delivered to the muscle, what will happen to the pyruvate? A. The pyruvate will be oxidized via oxidative phosphorylation. B. The pyruvate will be converted to lactate. C. The pyruvate will be stored in the muscle. D. The pyruvate will be converted to acetyl CoA.

B

Match the definition with the appropriate word: The calories expended through structured exercise or training. A. resting metabolic rate B. exercise activity thermogenesis C. thermic effect of food D. nonexercise activity thermogenesis

B

What is the definition of energy balance? A. When daily food intake is consistent B. When daily food intake is matched to energy needs C. When protein intake is higher than protein breakdown D. When carbohydrates are consumed before a workout

B

What term is used to describe the number of total calories expended per day divided by the resting metabolic expenditure? A. British thermal unit (BTU) B. Physical activity level (PAL) C. metabolic equivalent (MET) D. total daily energy expenditure (TDEE)

B

Which component contributes the most to total energy expenditure? A. Exercise B. Resting metabolism C. Thermic effect of activity D. Thermic effect of food

B

Which metabolic marker represents the point where activity is so intense that glucose is providing nearly all of the energy for the activity? (Fats are getting metabolized too slowly to meet demand) A. ventilatory threshold 1 (VT1) B. ventilatory threshold 2 (VT2) C. ventilatory threshold 3 (VT3) D. ventilatory threshold 4 (VT4)

B

Which nutrient has the highest thermic effect? A. Glycogen B. Protein C. Fat D. Carbohydrate

B

Which of the following is ALWAYS used in the brain in order to function? A. glycogen B. glucose C. fats D. protein

B

Which of the following is always used in the brain in order for it to function? A. glycogen B. glucose C. fats D. protein

B

Which of the following makes a relatively small contribution to overall energy production during rest or low-intensity exercise? A. glycogen B. glucose C. fats D. protein

B

Which of the following would be an example of nonexercise activity thermogenesis (NEAT)? A. Running for 5 miles B. Cleaning the house C. Sleeping D. Doing 20 minutes of resistance training

B

Which substrate provides nearly all the energy for activity at and above VT2? A. Fat B. Glucose C. Ketone bodies D. Protein

B

Any form of exercise can be defined by what two factors? A. volume and density B. repetition and sets C. intensity and duration D. frequency and tempo

C

Match the definition with the appropriate word: The energy required to digest, absorb, and process nutrients that are consumed. A. resting metabolic rate B. exercise activity thermogenesis C. thermic effect of food D. nonexercise activity thermogenesis

C

Of the 20 amino acids used by the human body, how many are called essential amino acids? A. 3 B. 5 C. 9 D. 12

C

When a person loses body weight, what is the only way that mass is lost? A. As ATP B. As water C. As exhaled carbon dioxide D. As exhaled oxygen

C

Which energy system provides energy very rapidly via anaerobic metabolism? A. glycolysis B. oxidative phosphorylation C. ATP-PC system D. fermentation

C

Which of the following is the primary fuel for when the body is not active? A. glycogen B. glucose C. fats D. protein

C

Which of the following is true about higher intensity workouts (above VT1)? A. Proteins will provide more of the energy to make ATP compared to fats B. Proteins will provide more of the energy to make ATP compared to carbohydrates C. Carbohydrates will provide more of the energy to make ATP compared to fat D. Fats will provide more of the energy to make ATP compared to carbohydrates

C

Which word matches this definition? Water-soluble molecules produced in the liver as a result of fatty acid oxidation. They can then be oxidized in the mitochondria to produce adenosine triphosphate. A. gluconeogenesis B. ketogenesis C. ketone bodies D. ketosis

C

Why is nonexercise activity thermogenesis (NEAT) important? A. NEAT can increase muscle mass. B. NEAT can increase cardiorespiratory fitness. C. NEAT can be protective against obesity. D. NEAT can decrease the resting metabolic rate.

C

Before carbohydrates, fat, or protein can enter the citric acid cycle (CAC), they need to be converted to what common molecule? A. ATP B. Amino acids C. Pyruvate D. Acetyl CoA

D

If pyruvate is being created via glycolysis faster than oxygen can be delivered to the muscle, what will happen to the pyruvate? A. The pyruvate will be oxidized via oxidative phosphorylation. B. The pyruvate will be converted to acetyl CoA. C. The pyruvate will be stored in the muscle. D. The pyruvate will be converted to lactate.

D

If someone specifically wanted to burn a lot of fat (not necessarily total calories), what type of exercise should they do? A. Walking for 5 minutes B. High-intensity exercise for 10 to 15 minutes C. High-intensity exercise for less than 10 minutes D. Low- to moderate-intensity exercise for 30 to 60 minutes

D

Low-intensity activity burns a higher proportion of fat as fuel, but if someone wanted to burn the most total calories from any substrate, which of the following activities would be most effective? A. 20 minutes of low-intensity activity B. 5 minutes of high-intensity activity C. 20 minutes of walking D. 20 minutes of moderate-intensity activity

D

Match the definition with the appropriate word: Energy expenditure through daily activities outside of structured exercise, such as walking, completing household chores, and taking the stairs. A. resting metabolic rate B. exercise activity thermogenesis C. thermic effect of food D. nonexercise activity thermogenesis

D

What are the end products of the electron transport chain? A. ADP and hydrogen ions B. ADP and water C. ATP and oxygen D. ATP and water

D

What are the three pathways through which the body can produce ATP? A. The ATP-PC system, digestion, and oxidative phosphorylation B. Phosphorylation, glycolysis, and the electron transport chain C. Ketosis, glycolysis, and oxidative phosphorylation D. The ATP-PC system, glycolysis, and oxidative phosphorylation

D

What is acidosis in muscle? A. An increase in pH, which can improve muscle strength B. An increase in pH, which can lead to feelings of fatigue C. A decrease in pH, which can improve muscle strength D. A decrease in pH, which can lead to feelings of fatigue

D

What is bioenergetics? A. The study of the ways in which food is turned into energy B. The study of aerobic metabolism C. The study of weight loss D. The study of metabolism during exercise

D

What is the primary energy-providing molecule in the human body? A. fat B. carbohydrate C. ADP D. ATP

D

What is the process called that prepares fatty acid substrates to enter the citric acid cycle? A. Ketosis B. Glycolysis C. Acidosis D. Beta-oxidation

D

Which of the following is a ketone body? A. Glycogen B. Pyruvate C. Lactic acid D. Acetoacetic acid

D

Which of the following would make a person better at oxidizing fat? A. Having more fat stored on their body B. Having less oxygen delivery to the muscle C. Having more glycogen stored in their muscle D. Having more mitochondria in their muscle

D

Which word matches this definition? A state of carbohydrate depletion where the liver manufactures ketone bodies to meet energy demands that free fatty acid oxidation cannot support. A. gluconeogenesis B. ketogenesis C. ketone bodies D. ketosis

D

True or false? Lower-intensity activities (above VT1) will rely mostly on fat oxidation to provide ATP.

False (below VT1, not above)

True or false? As activity intensity increases, the usage of carbohydrate as an energy source becomes 50%, and the usage of fat becomes 50%.

True