Chapter 8 Mastering

The transparent portion of the fibrous layer of the eye is the ________

cornea

Which of these can cause sensorineural deafness?

degeneration of the hair cells in the spiral organ of Corti

The greatest visual acuity is housed in the

fovea centralis

What condition results from an abnormally high pressure inside the eye?

glaucoma

Hearing receptors within the spiral organ of Corti are called ____

hair cells

Which cochlear hair cells are stimulated by low frequency sounds?

hair cells located near the apex of the basilar membrane

What is a possible cause of conduction deafness?

inability of auditory ossicles to vibrate

The pupil is an opening within the

iris

Which of these provides sensory input that helps keep the head erect?

maculae of the vestibule

The vibration of sound waves cause the tympanic membrane, or eardrum, to move against an ossicle known as ________

malleus or hammer

The inability to see distant objects is termed "nearsighted" or

myopia

Which of these is associated with rods?

night vision

At what point do some axons leave the optic nerve and cross to the opposite side of the brain?

optic chiasma

Where do the axons of ganglion cells leave the eyeball?

optic disc

The region of the optic nerve lacking photoreceptor cells is known as the ____

optic disc (blind spot)

Tiny stones made of calcium salts that roll in response to changes in gravitational pull are called ___

otoliths

The fusion of ear bones is known as

otosclerosis

The small, peglike projections of the tongue's surface are called

papillae

After the age of 40 the elasticity of the lens decreases, making it difficult to clearly see close objects. What is this condition called?

presbyopia

What is the function of the otoliths?

responding to changes in the pull of gravity and in acceleration when the body moves

Which layer of the eye contains rods and cones?

retina

Which of these is part of the sensory layer of the eye?

retina

The fibrous covering of the eye consists of the white outer layer, known as the ________, and a transparent portion known as the ________.

sclera, cornea

Dynamic equilibrium receptors that detect information about angular or rotational movements of the head are housed in the ________

semicircular canals

What part of the inner ear is contains receptors for dynamic equilibrium?

semicircular canals

Which of these are oriented in the three planes of space, allowing sensation of movement in any plane?

semicircular canals

What is umami?

sense of taste elicited by the amino acid glutamate

Hair cells that function as hearing receptors are located within the

spiral organ of Corti

What part of the eye is affected by cataracts?

the lens

Where are olfactory receptors located?

the superior region of the nasal cavity

What sensation allows someone to enjoy the taste of a steak?

umami

What is the orientation of images formed on the retina?

upside down and reversed left to right

What term refers to the ability to focus on close objects?

accommodation

________ deafness arises when there is damage or degeneration of receptor cells in the spiral organ of Corti, cochlear nerve, or neurons in the auditory cortex of the brain.

Sensorineural

What information does the brain use to interpret the source of a sound?

Sound reaches the two ears at slightly different times

How do organs of equilibrium help us maintain our balance?

The macula sends information on head position and the crista ampullaris sends information on rotation movements to the cerebellum for integration