Chapter 8 - Organization

In order to implement a particular organizational strategy, managers must determine the right kind of organizational: (select all that apply)

culture. structure.

Organizational culture:

- helps employees understand why the organization does what it does - represents beliefs and values shared among workers - significantly affects work outcomes at all levels of the organization - is the social glue that binds members of the organization together - is passed on to new employees through socialization and mentoring

Organizational structure:

- is concerned with who reports to whom in the organization and who specializes in what work - must be aligned with the organization's vision, strategies, and culture

Which of the following statements regarding the horizontal design are true?

- this design is also called a team-based design - internal boundaries are broken down - workgroups are used to improve collaboration

Which description best fits the adhocracy organizational culture?

Adaptable, creative, and quick to respond to marketplace changes

_____ represent core, taken for granted, unobservable aspects of an organization's culture.

Basic assumptions

_____ values represent the values and norms actually exhibited in the organization.

Enacted

A clan culture has what three characteristics?

Encourages collaboration among employees Strives to encourage cohesion through consensus and job satisfaction A family-type organization

_______ managers have decision-making authority and usually have people reporting to them, whereas _______ positions provide advice, recommendation and research.

Line; staff

In an organic organization, which three of the following occur?

Many teams Shared tasks Decentralized hierarchy of authority

Which two of the following are some of the strongest ways to embed organizational culture?

Status symbols Rewards

Which of the following occurs in the horizontal organizational design?

Teams are used to improve collaboration and work.

According to Barnard's definition, which of the following examples represent organizations?

The BumbleBee or StarKist tuna companies with their thousands of employees A crew of two people coordinating their activities on a commercial tuna fishing boat

Which of the following are true of staff personnel? (Select all that apply.)

They provide advice, recommendations, and research to line managers. They have authority functions.

Which of the following are characteristics of a hierarchy culture?

Uses a variety of control mechanisms that measure efficiency, timeliness, and reliability Formalized, structured work environment Internal focus

What are the two types of information that organization charts reveal about organizational structure?

Who reports to whom Who specializes in what work

Authority in organizations means _____ -- managers must report and justify work results to the managers above them and are responsible for performing assigned tasks.

accountability

In organizational culture, rites and rituals represent

activities and ceremonies that celebrate important occasions and accomplishments in the organization's life.

A(n) _____ culture values flexibility and has an external focus.

adhocracy

In an organization's culture, basic assumptions:

are not observable are difficult to change are often taken for granted represent the organization's core values

__________ refers to the rights inherent in a managerial position to make decisions, give orders, and utilize resources.

authority

A(n) _____ organization is a fluid, highly adaptive organization whose members are linked by information technology and collaborate on common tasks.

boundaryless

When important decisions are made by high-level managers, the organization has ______ authority.

centralized

A _____ culture has an internal focus and values flexibility rather than stability and control.

clan

Which of the following represent learning-related tools that can be leveraged to change an organization's culture?

coaching role modeling training

In the elements of organizations, ________ unifies employees or members and gives everyone an understanding of the organization's reason for being.

common purpose

In the common elements of organizations, common purpose is realized through _______, which enables the work of individuals to combine in an organization-wide endeavor.

coordinated effort

A system of shared beliefs and values that develops within an organization and guides the behavior of its members is called organizational ______.

culture

_____ is the process of assigning managerial authority and responsibility to managers and employees lower in the hierarchy.

delegation

With _____, an organization can parcel out the entire complex work effort to be performed by specialists, which results in greater efficiency.

division of labor

When people with diverse occupational specialties are put together in formal groups by similar products or service, customers or clients, or geographic regions, the organization is using a _____ structure.

divisional

Which type of organization typically has few or no levels of middle management between top managers and those reporting to them?

flat

An organizational structure where people with similar occupational specialties are put together in formal groups is called a _____ structure.

functional

Which of the following represent traditional organizational designs?

functional matrix divisional simple

Line managers typically:

have people reporting to them have decision-making authority

An organizational ______ is someone whose accomplishments embody the values of the organization and whose accomplishments are put forth to motivate other employees to do the right thing.

hero

An organization where authority is centralized, tasks and rules are clearly specified, and employees are closely supervised is called _____.

mechanistic

Symbols in organizational culture represent

objects or actions that convey an organization's most important values to others.

The readily apparent symbols and manifestations of an organization's culture are called its _____.

observable artifacts

A hospital is an example of a nonprofit organization because it is formed to _____.

offer services to clients

A(n) _____ is a system of consciously coordinated activities or forces of two or more people.

organization

Organizations can use _____, activities that celebrate important events or achievements for the organization, to change the organization's culture.

rites and rituals

Activities and ceremonies, planned and unplanned, that celebrate important occasions and accomplishments in an organization's life are known as rites and ______.

rituals

An organization that has authority centralized in a single person, as well as a flat hierarchy, few rules, and low work specialization, is using a _____.

simple structure

The process by which people learn the values, norms, and required behaviors that permit them to participate as members of an organization is known as organizational _____.

socialization

A _____ is a narrative about the company's history that is repeated by an organization's members in order to emphasize a particular value.

story

A company's _____ is the large-scale action plan that encompasses the company's vision and is used to create the direction for the business.

strategy

The formal system of task and reporting relationships that coordinates and motivates an organization's members to achieve the company's goals is called the organizational _____.

structure

One method of changing organizational culture is to provide structured _____ as an in-depth introduction to organizational values.

training

Flat organizations generally have few levels with _______ spans of control, with one manager overseeing many employees.

wide

Which of the following statements are true regarding a market culture?

- It is driven by competition and a strong desire to deliver results. - Customers, productivity, and profits take precedence over employee development and satisfaction. - Employees are expected to work hard, react fast, and deliver quality work on time.

Functional organizational structures:

- are common in both for-profit and nonprofit organizations. - put employees with similar occupational specialties together in formal groups.

Organizational design is concerned with which two activities?

- creating structures of accountability and responsibility - creating a structural design that will help an organization execute its strategies

The obligation you have to perform the tasks assigned to you in the organization is known as your _____.

responsibility

Match the type of organization with its description.

For-profit organization: Formed to make money by offering products or services Nonprofit organization: Formed to offer services to clients rather than make money Mutual-benefit organization: Voluntary collective formed to advance members' interests

_____ embed preferred culture by describing organizational philosophy, mission, vision, and values.

Formal statements

Identify the three types of structures categorized as organizational designs with open boundaries.

Hollow Virtual Modular

Drag the descriptions of the dimensions of the competing values framework (CVF) with their corresponding dimensions. Instructions

Horizontal: Expresses the extent to which an organization focuses its attention and efforts inward on internal dynamics and employees versus outward toward its external environment and customers Vertical: Expresses the extent to which an organization prefers flexibility and discretion versus stability and control

Which of these would be considered observable artifacts in an organization?

Rituals Awards Decorations

Rites and rituals, which are activities and _____ used to celebrate important organizational events or achievements, can be leveraged in the process of culture change.

ceremonies

A control mechanism for making sure the right people do the right things at the right time is called hierarchy of authority or ______.

chain of command

Formal statements can help to change an organization's culture by

embedding the culture in various organizational materials such as the mission, vision, and values statements.

Organizations wishing to change their culture may alter their physical layout and design in order to:

encourage employee productivity send a strong message about the culture

Philosophies, beliefs, and norms that are explicitly stated by the organization reflect its _____ values.

espoused

Espoused values in an organization's culture represent the

explicitly stated values and norms the organization prefers

Organic organizations tend to have a wide span of control and _____.

fewer rules

A _____ organization is defined as one with an organizational structure with few or no levels of middle management between top managers and those reporting to them.

flat

A(n) _____ culture values stability and has an internal focus.

hierarchy

When an organization has a central core of key functions and outsources others to vendors who can do them cheaper and faster, the organization is said to have a _____ structure.

hollow

Within a boundaryless organization, the ______ structure is also called a network structure.

hollow

Coordinated effort, one of the four common elements of organizations proposed by Schein,

is represented by the coordination of individual efforts coming together into an organization-wide effort.

Division of labor, one of the four common elements of organizations proposed by Schein,

is the arrangement of having discrete parts of a task done by different people in an organization.

An organization's _____ can pay attention to, measure, and control a number of activities, processes, or outcomes in order to foster a certain culture.

leaders

The type of organizational culture that has a strong external focus and values stability and control is a(n) _____ culture.

market

In a _____ organization, authority is centralized and tasks and rules are clearly specified.

mechanistic

Top-down structure and rigid rules are characteristics of a(n) _____ organization.

mechanistic

In a _______ structure, a firm assembles product components or sections provided by outside contractors.

modular

In organizational culture, a story is a(n)

narrative based on true events which is repeated in order to emphasize a particular value.

In organizational culture, a hero is a(n)

person whose accomplishments embody the organization's values.

Some businesses have created open-area workspaces where employees sit at desks that are side-by-side and no walls are between them. This is to foster collaboration among the staff. What aspect of culture change does this represent?

physical design

In organizational culture, socialization represents the

process by which people learn the values, norms, and required behaviors that permit them to participate as organizational members.

Which of the following can leaders pay attention to, measure, and control in order to change the organization's culture?

processes activities outcomes

The modular structure is oriented around outsourcing certain pieces of a(n) _____.

product

In terms of organizational culture, a _______ is an artifact, act, quality, or event that conveys an organization's most important values to others.

symbol

An organization comprised of many levels with narrow spans of managerial control is described as _____.

tall

The three types of organizational design are:

traditional horizontal open boundaries

Common purpose, one of the four common elements of organizations proposed by Schein,

unifies members and helps everyone understand the organization's reason for being.

In organizational culture, enacted values represent the

values and norms that are actually exhibited in the organization.

The chain of command within a business is also referred to as the organization's _______ hierarchy of authority.

vertical

In an organization with a _____ structure, members are geographically dispersed but work together using information technology that provides customers the appearance of a single, unified organization.

virtual

A box-and-lines illustration showing the formal lines of authority and the organization's work specializations is called a(n) ______ chart.

organizational

If an organization wishes to change its culture, managers can alter the types of _____ and status symbols they give out and to whom they give them.

rewards

If an organization wishes to become more controlling and authoritative toward its employees, it should consider adopting a(n) _____ structure.

hierarchical

Which of the following statements regarding a virtual structure are true?

- firms can save money they would have spent on real estate - members are geographically apart - companies can tap a wider talent pool not limited by geography

What is a characteristic of an organic organization?

Few rules and procedures

Match the type of divisional structure with its definition.

Product division: Groups activities around similar services and/or products. Customer division: Groups activities around common clients or customers. Geographic division: Groups activities around defined regional locations.

According to the competing values framework (CVF), organizational _____ varies along two dimensions.

effectiveness

An organization that wants to eliminate layers in favor of creating a culture where employees have more power should consider adopting a _____ organizational structure.

flattened

Very _____ companies tend to be the most centralized in terms of authority.

small

Hierarchy of authority, one of the four common elements of organizations proposed by Schein,

is a control mechanism that ensures that the right people do the right things at the right time.

An organization's vertical hierarchy of authority demonstrates:

who talks to whom. the organization's chain of command. the official communication network.