Chapter 8: Organizing the Body of the Speech
1. Causal Order 2. Problem-Solution Order
1. Main points are organized to show a cause-effect relationship. One main point will deal with cause, the other will deal with effect. ~For persuasive and informative speeches 2. Speeches that are divided into two main points. The first show existence and seriousness of a problem and the second presents a workable solution ~Persuasive speeches
1. Strategic Organization 2. To develop speech organization
1. Putting a speech together in a particular way to achieve a particular result with a particular audience. 2. Gain command of the intro, body, and conclusion ~Body of speech is longest and most important to prepare
Signposts
Brief statements that indicate exactly where you are in the speech. ~Frequently just number (ex: first, second, final) ~Introducing main point with a question.--invite subliminal answers and get the audience more involved with the speech. ~Used to get focus attention on key ideas
1. Chronological Order 2. Spatial Order
1. Speech arranged in a time pattern that narrate a series of events in the sequence they happen and used to explain a process. 2. Speech arranged following a directional pattern, proceeding from top to bottom or left to right or inside to outside for informative speeches
Topical Ordeer
Dividing the speech topic into subtopics, where each become a main point in the speech ~Dividing main points into categories ~Main points subdivide speech topic logically and consistently. ~Used the most often
Internal Previews
Let the audience know what the speaker will take up next ~More detailed than transitions ~A preview statement in the body of the speech ~Be sure to use one whenever you think it will help listeners keep track of your ideas
Supporting Materials
Materials that support a speaker's idea--examples, statistics, and testimony
Internal Summaries
Remind listeners of what they have just heard ~Used when a speaker finishes a complicated or particularly important main point or set of main points ~The reverse of internal previews ~Way to clarify and reinforce ideas
Transitions
Words or phrases that indicate when a speaker has just completed one thought and is moving to another. ~State the idea the speaker is leaving and the idea that is coming up
Main points
~Central features of your speech ~Carefully selected, phrased precisely, and arranged strategically. ~Chosen points are based on purpose statement ~Can emerge through research and evaluating findings.
Strategic Order of Main Points
~Effective order depends on your topic, purpose, and audience. ~Chronological Order ~Spatial Order ~Causal Order
Tips for Preparing Main Points
~Keep Main Points Separate: Main points are clearly independent from another ~Try to use the same pattern of wording for main points: Easier to understand and remember. Try to keep parallel wording when possible. ~Balance the amount of time devoted to main point: All receive emphases to be clear and convincing.
Tips for organizing supporting materials
~Need to be directly relevant to the main points they are supposed to support ~Do not misplace supporting materials ~Reorganize supporting points under appropriate main points.
Organization is Important
~Speech will serve you better with organization--allowing you and your listeners to see what ideas you have and put mental "hands" on most important ones ~Allows you to see what you have ~Listeners demand coherence and seeing how the speech progresses ~Easy to locate everything ~Gaining practice in general skill of establishing clear relationships among ideas. ~Can boost your confidence and improve fluent delivery.
Number of Main Points
~Usually two or three ~Too many main points will be difficult for audience to sort. ~Main points can be condensed into broad categories.
Connectives
~Words or phrases that join one thought to another and indicate the relationship between them ~Without them, the speech is disjointed and uncoordinated. ~Four types of speech connectives: Transitions, Internal Previews, Internal Summaries, and Signposts
