Chapter 8 Psychology Final Practice
Ethan, Sera, and Carter are all six-months-old in the same mommy-and-me playgroup. Ethan was born with significant hearing loss, Sera's parents have just moved to the States from Quebec, and Carter's parents both grew up in this city. They all babble incessantly and squeal when their moms fuss over any new audible sounds they produce. What would a nativist determine about this group of babies? A Children are prewired to learn language through a natural progression of development at around the same ages. B Children learn language through shaping, which supports their internal language acquisition device. C Though children learn language at around the same ages everywhere, it is primarily through feedback from their caregivers. D Though children are prewired to learn language through a natural progression, factors like culture and health play significant roles.
A Children are prewired to learn language through a natural progression of development at around the same ages.
Guadalupe, a 14-year-old in high school, just moved with her family from Mexico to the United States. She speaks fluent English, but it is her school's standard practice to have all new international students tested before assigning them to classes. The school has noticed a discrepancy between student ability and IQ test results in the past. Administrators do not want to cause Guadalupe any issues and are trying to redesign the IQ test. What should the school consider? A The school should consider incorporating more nonverbal intelligence testing, such as those of the WAIS to ensure that minor language inconsistencies do not affect the validity of the test results. B The school should not attempt to change the IQ test, as any discrepancies in the test results and future achievement may be due to Flynn effect. C The school should consider changing the verbal intelligence measures in the test to compensate for any colloquialisms or cultural references that would not be familiar to an international student. D The school should not attempt to change the IQ test, as any discrepancies in the test results and future achievement may be due to students becoming more comfortable with their new surroundings.
A The school should consider incorporating more nonverbal intelligence testing, such as those of the WAIS to ensure that minor language inconsistencies do not affect the validity of the test results.
After being thrown from her horse and knocked unconscious, Alexandra must undergo a positron emission tomography (PET) scan because her doctor is expressing some concern over the way she is slowly enunciating and slurring her words. During the procedure, her doctor asks Alexandra to repeat back words and phrases. The area(s) of her brain MOST likely to show activity is/are A both Broca's and Wernicke's area and the motor region. B the left posterior lobe. C the amygdala. D both Broca's and Wernicke's area and the right temporal lobe.
A both Broca's and Wernicke's area and the motor region.
Dr. Black is an 80-year-old college professor who enjoys traveling, reading, and reenacting civil war battles. Which type of intelligence has most likely increased over Dr. Black's lifespan? A crystallized B logical C practical D fluid
A crystallized
Derek is a police officer who is discouraged by the number of youth cycling through juvenile detention. At first he wrote the offenders off as having low intelligence, but Derek has found that the majority of these youth are detached and void of empathy. He is determined to break this vicious cycle. The most effective effort for Derek is to A start a preventative workshop to combat the long-term effects of neglect and abuse in schools with a majority of students from low income families. B write and distribute an informational pamphlet about the importance of nutrition and positive encouragement for the IQ development of children. C establish learning centers within juvenile detention to improve IQ, as doing so will raise their level of empathy. D establish after school programs designed to keep students out of abusive home environments for longer periods of time.
A start a preventative workshop to combat the long-term effects of neglect and abuse in schools with a majority of students from low income families.
Aiden is car shopping with a budget of $25,000. He knows the most important feature in the new car would be four-wheel drive. He also needs the car quickly, which means he will not have time to factory order anything. What would be the MOST effective problem solving method in this situation? A work backwards from the solution B an algorithm C representativeness heuristic D availability heuristic
A work backwards from the solution
A dedicated sports fan believes his team will win only if he wears his lucky team shirt. One day, he forgets to wear it, and his team loses the game. He believes his superstition is proven. Which barrier to problem solving does this represent? A : confirmation bias B : representative heuristic C : availability heuristic D : functional fixedness
A : confirmation bias
Raymond can recall long lists of numbers after seeing them only briefly, yet his overall intellectual ability is so low that he must live in an institution. Raymond displays which of the following? A : savant syndrome B : multiple intelligence C : profound intelligence D : linguistic intelligence
A : savant syndrome
Which of the following would best demonstrate Spearman's theory of general intelligence? A : A student receives a low score in math, a low score in vocabulary, and a high score in reading comprehension. B : A student receives equivalent scores on several different tests of knowledge and reasoning. C : A student thinks creatively and solves a problem using original ideas and practical methods. D : A student performs acceptably at all common and necessary functions within the student's society.
B : A student receives equivalent scores on several different tests of knowledge and reasoning.
Jane wants to change the oil in her car by herself. She carefully follows the steps in the owner's manual and is successful. What is this thinking strategy called? A : preparation B : algorithm C : heuristic D : evaluation
B : algorithm
Michael is sensitive to the feelings of others and is always first to comfort someone in pain. Which type of intelligence does Michael demonstrate in high levels? A : generalized B : emotional C : crystallized D : fluid
B : emotional
Breast feeding and frequent interactions with parents are likely to ________ intelligence levels. A : maintain B : increase C : have no effect on D : decrease
B : increase
A baby learns that round objects are called balls. Which cognitive building block exemplifies this scenario? A : mental image B : prototype C : hierarchy D : artificial concept
B : prototype
Sam has two children: Matt is 3 and Jon is 5. Jon has just entered kindergarten and he loves going to school. His favorite thing to say is, "I goed to school." Matt has started using simple sentences. His favorite is, "Matt have ice cream.", although it comes out more like "Matt haf eye cweem." Should Sam be worried that the school is not teaching Jon correct grammar? Why or why not? A Yes, Sam should be worried that the school is not teaching proper grammar, as formal schooling should correct overgeneralization. B Yes, Sam should be worried that the school is not teaching proper grammar. Matt seems to be learning proper usage and Jon should be more advanced. C No, Sam should not be worried about Jon's grammar in this case, as he is applying it correctly, but not recognizing exceptions to the rules. D No, Sam should not be worried that the school is not teaching proper grammar, as Jon is probably imitating his friends instead of following the rules.
C No, Sam should not be worried about Jon's grammar in this case, as he is applying it correctly, but not recognizing exceptions to the rules.
A team of researchers are designing an instrument that will measure crystallized intelligence in children aged 6-11. After administering the instrument to 1,000 high school students, they find the results correlate to results obtained from another test, and the team moves forward with their research. What principal did the researchers violate? A validity B correlation C standardization D reliability
C standardization
A child's score on the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale equaled that of a 4-years-old, and the child's resulting IQ was 50. How old was this child? A : 4 years old B : 2 years old C : 8 years old D : 6 years old
C : 8 years old
Leaders often use the word "opportunity" instead of "challenge." Which language concept does this demonstrate? A : linguistic relativity hypothesis B : linguistic positivity hypothesis C : language influences thought D : language undermines thought
C : language influences thought
A dolphin is rewarded when she retrieves a ball after her trainer signs the word 'fetch.' Many experts believe that this is an example of ________, not a demonstration of language mastery. A : insight B : telegraphic speech C : operant conditioning D : overgeneralization
C : operant conditioning
Tony has an IQ score of 54 and has lived with his parents his entire life. Tony had no formal education but is able to make detailed drawings of landscapes after only seeing them for a few seconds. Based on this information, which condition does Toby have? A : dissociative disorder B : severe intellectual disability C : savant syndrome D : Bell's palsy
C : savant syndrome
Dr. Quinn is a psychologist who is in the process of developing a nonverbal test to evaluate fluid intelligence among high school students. Upon further investigation of the test, Dr. Quinn finds the properties of the test reflect strong validity but poor reliability. What is the best way to solve this problem? A : Dr. Quinn should redesign the test until she finds the results reflect more accurate results of subjects' corresponding mental ages. B : Dr. Quinn should redesign the test until she finds the results are better predictors of college performance. C : Dr. Quinn should redesign the test until she finds the results correlate well with other measures of fluid intelligence. D : Dr. Quinn should redesign the test until she finds similar results upon re-administering the test to the same group of subjects.
D : Dr. Quinn should redesign the test until she finds similar results upon re-administering the test to the same group of subjects.
Maria and Consuela are identical twins who were separated at birth. Maria was raised by a couple in California who exposed her to nature and science. Consuela was adopted by a couple in New York City who focused on academic achievement and cultural activities. The twins both take an intelligence test and Maria scores much higher than Consuela. Which of the following is the best explanation for this difference? A : The trauma of separation had a greater impact on Maria and motivated her to strive for excellence. B : Maria's genes were superior to Consuela's. C : Consuela did not learn the cultural skills that her parents were emphasizing. D : Maria and Consuela took different intelligence tests.
D : Maria and Consuela took different intelligence tests.
Lacking the proper tools, a man uses a shoelace to bind two objects together. Which barrier to problem solving is he overcoming? A : availability heuristic B : confirmation bias C : mental sets D : functional fixedness
D : functional fixedness
After watching a news story about a man struck by lightning on a golf course, you decide that you will never play golf to avoid being struck yourself. What is this thinking strategy called? A : evaluation B : algorithm C : preparation D : heuristic
D : heuristic
Which units of language are formed by combining phonemes? A : words B : symbols C : clauses D : morphemes
D : morphemes
Jen is of Armenian descent, and is the first in her family to raise an American-born child. She believes that she has a certain amount of power to facilitate and control her son's development of language by rewarding him with attention when he imitates her speech patterns and repeats sounds for which he has been praised in the past. Jen's belief is MOST in line with A : nurturist approach due to biologically enforced language milestones. B : nativist approach due to a predictable progress of speech development across cultures. C : nativist approach due to an innate and universal ability to acquire language skills. D : nurturist approach due to the reward of imitation and repetition.
D : nurturist approach due to the reward of imitation and repetition.
For an intelligence test to be recognized by the scientific community, it must be given identically to testers and scored using norms. In other words, intelligence tests must be A : double-blinded. B : varied. C : essay format. D : standardized.
D : standardized.
