Chapter 8, Section 2

How is a niche different from a habitat?

An organism's habitat is a location, whereas a niche is an organism's pattern of use of its habitat

What is an example of niche restriction?

Chtamalus stellatus, a barnacle species, is found in the upper level of the intertidal zone when another barnacle species is present. when the other species is removed, C. Stellatus can be found at deeper levels

What is mutualism?

a close relationship between two species in which each species provides a benefit to the other

What is symbiosis?

a relationship between two different organisms that live in close association with each other

What is commensalism?

a relationship in which one species benefits and the other species is neither harmed or helped

What is predation?

an interaction between two species in which one species, the predator, feeds on the other species, the prey

What is the interaction of mutualism?

both species are benefited and they are helpful to one another

What do adaptations do in the course of evolution?

decrease competition and will also be advantageous for species whose niches overlap

What happens when their niches overlap?

each species use some of the same resources in a habitat (they compete for water, shelter, food, and mate)

What is the example of interactions of competition?

fox and coyote are predators of the same prey

What are two examples of a niche?

in an ecosystem, a lion is a predator and is labeled at the top of the food chain where it eats its' prey and bees pollinating a flower

What does the bacteria in your body do? (example of mutualism)?

it helps break down food that you cannot digest. in return, you give the bacteria a warm, food-rich habitat

What happens to the size of each population in a close relationship?

it tends to increase and decrease in linked patterns

What is an example of interactions between predation and parasitism?

kit fox hunts and feeds on kangaroo rat

What is the interaction during competition?

species A and B are both harmed (each species negatively affectthe other)

What is the interaction between predation and parasitism?

species A is benefited and species B is harmed (species A feeds on species B)

What is the interaction of commensalism?

species A is benefited and species B is unaffected (species A benefits from species B, but B is unaffected)

What is a host?

the organism that parasites take and use its nourishment

What is parasitism?

the relationship between the parasite and its host

What is competition?

the relationship between two species (for individuals) in which both species (or individuals) attempt to use the same limited resource such that both are negatively affected by the relationship

What is a niche?

the unique position occupied by a species, both in terms of its physical use of its habitat and its function within an ecological community

What does it mean when species in close relationships co-evolve?

they evolve adaptations that reduce the harm or improve the benefit of the relationship

What are examples of parasites?

ticks, fleas, tapeworms, heartworms, bloodsucking leeches, and lice

What is niche restriction?

when each species use less of the niche than that they are capable of using. it is observed in closely related species that use the same resources within a habitat.

What are indirect competitors?

when organisms use the same source without knowing; typically, an insect will feed on a plant during the day and another insect will feed on the same insect at night

What is an example of interactions of commensalism?

wren makes nest without affecting the cactus

What is an example of interactions of mutualism?

yucca moth pollinates and lays eggs on yucca flowers; moth larvae spread yucca seeds