Chapter 8 The Inca Empire
What were the three most important gods the Inca worshiped?
Viracocha Inti, and nature spirits
What did the Incas mainly build?
built large structures out of stone without mortar or cement
What were the different levels of nobles?
by birth, appointed nobles, and curacas
What were the main crops the Incas ate?
chili peppers, squash, beans, peanuts, and 200 varieties of potatoes.
How long were the road system?
15,000 miles long across the empire
How did the government split the land?
Divided into three categories: one for the government, one for the priest and religious, and one for the ayllu
How did the farmers and commoners support the Inca government?
Farmers and commoners supported the Inca government by giving mita or labor tax. This would help develop the city by building bridges, roads, and building a military.
How did the farmers grow crops in the Andes?
Farmers grew crops in the Andes by cutting terraces, or flat strips of level land into the slopes to plant crops. Irrigation channels ran water through these terraces.
What were the two main types of metals the Incas use?
Gold and silver
Why was Inti the most important god to the Incas?
Inti (or the sun god) was the most important god in Inca life because they believed that they were descended from him and owed him a special worship.
In what ways did Pachacuti expand the Incan Empire?
Pachacuti expanded the Incan Empire by military force and diplomacy or the management of communication and relationships betweens peoples or nations. He offered peace and protection to the conquered people if they joined the empire.
How did Pachacuti become a successful builder of the empire?
Pachacuti was a successful empire builder because he was a warrior who could win wars, a peacemaker, who would bring peace, and he was strong. People who resisted or fought the empire would be killed or tortured.
Why did the Andean geography require advanced farming techniques?
The Andean geography required advanced farming techniques because they needed to expand and have areas for crops especially along hillsides(which were steep, rocky, and dry). One of these techniques was building terraces with irrigation canals leading to the terraces.
What were the Andean people resources?
The Andean peoples resources were wild game, fish, precious metals (copper, silver, and gold), land to raise crops, livestock.
How was the Inca Empire like a welfare state?
The Inca Empire was like a welfare state because the government really cared about the people and were always there in times of need. If there was a disaster they would give them protection and support. But this security came at a price because if they disrespected a rule then there would be harsh consequences.
How were Inca religion and government combined?
The Inca religion and government were combined by thinking there were descendants of Inti. They also had religious based ceremonies with government officials.
What did the Incas build?
The Incas built large buildings and a road system out of large stone blocks which fit perfectly together.
How did the Incas view there ruler?
The Incas viewed their ruler as descendent of Inti and a living god.
Why were the Incas considered good engineers?
The Incas were considered good engineers because they made any empire that had roads that stretched 15,000 miles long. Also they had to make their buildings in tough environments like mountains, and deserts.
Who was the greatest Sapa Inca?
The greatest of the Sapa Incas was Pachacuti, who took power in 1438.
How did information form quipu help the government run the empire?
The information from the quipis helped the government by counting the amount of people when they take a census, and by keeping track and organizing the population.
How was the land divided in the Incan Empire?
The land was divided in the Incan Empire into three parts one for the government, priests and religion, and the ayllu.
How was the quipu a key tool of Inca government?
The quipu was an important tool of the Inca government because it helped record numbers of people or goods. It also transported information throughout the empire.
How did the system of Inca roads help tie the empire together?
The system of Inca roads helped tie the empire together because soldiers could easily get from one place to another and messengers could deliver news over great distances very quickly.
How did the Sapa Inca expand his rule?
They tried to threaten the little villages with there army but they never resorted to fighting first.
How do we know what ancient Peruvian textiles looked like?
We know what ancient Peruvian textiles looked like because even today people descended from the Incas still produce textiles with the same styles and designs. Also a spaniard described the Temple of the Sun in Cuzco as large, with sheets of gold, precious stones, and a large image of the sun.
Welfare state
a government that takes responsibility for the welfare of its citizens
Ayllu
a group of related families that lived in the same location
Altiplano
a high plain centered in Bolivia
Census
a population survey
Quipu
a record keeping device of knotted string
quipu
a record-keeping device made of knotted strings
Hierarchy
a system for ranking members of a group according to their importance
Terrace
flat strips of level land on hill or mountain sides
How were commoners divided?
gender and age
What was the effect of the Quechua language?
help unify the empire
Why was human settlement hard in the andes mountains?
high elevation, rocky and steep, and cold climate
Mita
labor tax
What livestock did the Incas have?
llamas and alpacas
Administration
management of a government or business
administration
means the management of a government or business
How long did Pachacuti rule?
more than 30 years
Communal property
owned and managed by the government for public use
Theology
religious teachings and practices
What were the farming innovations of the Inca?
terraces, irrigation canals
Pachacuti
the greatest of the Sapa Incas, took power in 1438, expanded the Inca realm by powerful military force and diplomacy ruled in Cuzco valley in South America
Huayna Capac
the last great Sapa Inca, took power in 1493, kept peace throughout the empire, ruled a stable empire that stretched 2,500 miles from north to south
Diplomacy
the management of communication and relationships between peoples or nations
Pampas
the vast grassy plains of Argentina and Uruguay
What were the main purpose of the irrigation canals?
to bring fresh water from the mountains to the steps, terraces