Chapter 9-11
Of the following, the only argument not put forward by the war hawks as a justification for a declaration of war against Britain was that A) the British armed Indians and incited them to raid frontier settlements. B) British impressment policies were an affront to American nationalism. C) Britain's commercial restrictions had come close to destroying America's profitable New England shipping business. D) British Canada and Spanish Florida were attractive and easily obtainable prizes of war. E) the orders in council stopped the flow of Western farm products to Europe.
C
On becoming president, Thomas Jefferson and the Republicans in Congress immediately repealed A) the Alien and Sedition Acts. B) the charter of the National Bank. C) the excise tax on whiskey. D) the funding and assumption of the national debt. E) money to fund the naval build-up.
C
One of the enduring paradoxes of American history is that A) conservatives supported democracy. B) liberals supported democracy. C) both liberals and conservatives have championed the heritage of democratic revolution. D) conservatives and liberals were on opposite sides in the Revolution. E) conservatives opposed democracy.
C
One of the first jobs facing the new government formed under the Constitution was to A) establish a powerful army. B) reestablish diplomatic ties with Britain. C) draw up and pass a bill of rights. D) establish economic ties with France. E) all of the above.
C
One of the greatest problems that John Adams and the Federalists faced in the election of 1800 was A) Adams's efforts to get America involved in a war with France. B) increased public debt brought on by war preparations. C) Adams's refusal to take the country to war against France. D) Alexander Hamilton's support of Adams. E) the stories circulating about Adams's relationship with a slave woman.
C
One of the most farsighted provisions of the Northwest Ordinance of 1787 A) set aside a section of each township for education. B) abolished slavery in all of the United States. C) prohibited slavery in the Old Northwest. D) kept power in the national government. E) none of the above.
C
One reason that the United States avoided the frightful excesses of the French Revolution is that A) America declared martial law until the Constitution was enacted in 1789. B) the American Revolution suddenly overturned the entire political framework. C) cheap land was easily available. D) political democracy preceded economic democracy. E) a strong sense of class consciousness already existed.
C
President Jefferson's foreign policy of economic coercion A) underestimated British dependence on American trade. B) adversely affected France's economy more than Britain's. C) stimulated manufacturing in the United States. D) destroyed the Federalist party in New England. E) succeeded in its goal of forcing the British to halt its impressment of American sailors.
C
Probably the most alarming characteristic of the new Constitution to those who opposed it was the A) creation of a federal district for the national capital. B) creation of a standing army. C) absence of a bill of rights. D) omission of any reference to God. E) creation of the presidency.
C
Tecumseh argued that Indians should A) never give control of their land to the whites. B) move west of the Mississippi River. C) not cede control of land to whites unless all Indians agreed. D) exchange traditional buckskin clothing for cloth garments. E) fight as individual tribes and not as a confederacy.
C
The American Revolution was A) truly radical. B) inconsequential in world history. C) an example of accelerated evolution rather than outright revolution. D) very much like the French revolution. E) very much like the Russian revolution.
C
The Articles of Confederation were finally approved when A) agreement was reached on who would be president. B) states gave up their right to coin money. C) all states claiming western lands surrendered them to the national government. D) the states gave up their power to establish tariffs. E) a two-house national legislature was added.
C
The British policy of impressment was a kind of A) naval blockade. B) economic boycott. C) forced enlistment. D) diplomatic pressure. E) punishment for the United States.
C
The Constitutional Convention addressed the North-South controversy over slavery through the A) "large-state plan." B) "small-state plan." C) "three-fifths" compromise. D) closing of the slave trade until 1807. E) Northwest Ordinance.
C
The Franco-American alliance of 1778 A) was ended by mutual agreement in 1789. B) bound the United States to neutrality in the event of war between France and Britain. C) bound the United States to help the French defend their West Indies. D) was invoked by the French to obtain American aid in France's war with Britain after 1793. E) led the United States to war with Great Britain in 1812.
C
The Great Compromise at the Constitutional Convention worked out an acceptable scheme for A) regulating interstate commerce. B) levying taxes for raising a militia. C) apportioning congressional representation. D) electing the president. E) choosing Senators.
C
The Virginia and Kentucky resolutions were written in response to A) the XYZ affair. B) Thomas Jefferson's presidential candidacy in 1800. C) the Alien and Sedition Acts. D) the compact theory of government.E) the Federalist papers.
C
The case of Marbury v. Madison involved the question of who had the right to A) commit the United States to entangling alliances. B) impeach federal officers for "high crimes and misdemeanors." C) declare an act of Congress unconstitutional. D) purchase foreign territory for the United States. E) appoint Supreme Court justices.
C
The chief justice who carried out, more than any other federal official, the ideas of Alexander Hamilton concerning a powerful federal government was A) James Madison. B) William Marbury. C) John Marshall. D) Samuel Chase. E) John Jay.
C
The delegate whose contributions to the Philadelphia Convention were so notable that he has been called the "Father of the Constitution" was A) George Washington. B) Benjamin Franklin. C) James Madison. D) Thomas Jefferson. E) Patrick Henry.
C
The delegates at the Constitutional Convention were concerned mainly with A) abolishing slavery. B) establishing a very powerful military. C) protecting America from its weaknesses abroad and its excesses at home. D) ensuring that the states continue to control tariff policies. E) establishing the principle of states' rights.
C
The legal precedent for judicial review was established when A) the House of Representatives impeached Justice Samuel Chase. B) the Supreme Court declared the Judiciary Act of 1789 unconstitutional. C) Congress repealed the Judiciary Act of 1801. D) President Adams appointed several "midnight judges" to the federal courts. E) the Judiciary Act of 1801 was passed.
C
The main purpose of the Alien and Sedition Acts was to A) capture French and British spies. B) control the Federalists. C) silence and punish critics of the Federalists. D) keep Thomas Jefferson from becoming president. E) provide support for the Democratic-Republican party.
C
The most important outcome of the Revolution for white women was that they A) permanently gained the right to vote. B) were allowed to serve in the national legislature. C) were elevated as special keepers of the nation's conscience. D) finally gained fully equal status with white males. E) were given the right to vote in some states.
C
The political party of the "outs" that provided the "loyal opposition" to the party in power in the 1790s was A) the Anti-Federalists. B) the Federalists. C) the Democratic-Republicans. D) the Whigs. E) the Tories.
C
Thomas Jefferson distrusted large standing armies because they A) were usually ineffective in battle. B) always developed a destructive rivalry with the navy. C) could be used to establish a dictatorship. D) all of the above. E) none of the above.
C
Thomas Jefferson's presidency was characterized by his A) unswerving conformity to Republican party principles. B) rigid attention to formal protocol at White House gatherings. C) moderation in the administration of public policy. D) ruthless use of the patronage power to appoint Republicans to federal offices. E) inability to get legislation passed by Congress.
C
To guard American shores, Thomas Jefferson A) built a fleet of frigates. B) constructed coastal fortifications. C) constructed two hundred tiny gunboats. D) signed a peace treaty with Great Britain. E) enlisted the aid of France.
C
Under the Constitution, the president of the United States was to be elected by a majority vote of the A) general public. B) Senate. C) Electoral College. D) House of Representatives. E) state legislatures.
C
effersonians believed in all of the following except A) opposition to a national debt. B) agriculture as the ideal occupation. C) every adult white male's right to vote. D) freedom of speech. E) central authority should be kept to a minimum.
C
According to the Federalists, the duty of judging the unconstitutionality of legislation passed by Congress lay with A) state legislatures. B) the president. C) state supreme courts. D) the Supreme Court. E) the people.
D
Alexander Hamilton believed that a limited national debt A) would do great harm to the nation's economy. B) might lead to military weakness. C) could persuade individuals and nations not to lend money to the United States. D) was beneficial, because people to whom the government owed money would work hard to make the nation a success. E) could help his economic plans but not his political plans
D
Alexander Hamilton's proposed bank of the United States was A) rejected by the House of Representatives. B) supported by Thomas Jefferson. C) enthusiastically supported by George Washington. D) based on the "necessary and proper," or "elastic," clause in the Constitution. E) never fully enacted.
D
As Secretary of the Treasury, Alexander Hamilton's first objective was to A) help the wealthy. B) bring more industry to the United States. C) see that more agricultural products were exported. D) bolster the national credit. E) put the country on the gold standard.
D
As a result of the Revolution's emphasis on equality, all of the following were achieved except A) the reduction of property qualifications for voting by most states. B) the growth of trade organizations for artisans and laborers. C) the establishment of the world's first antislavery society. D) full equality between women and men. E) abolishing medieval inheritance laws.
D
As a result of the Revolution, many state capitals were relocated westward A) because better roads now made this territory more easily accessible. B) due to a fear of British capture. C) because water routes were now opened to the interior regions D) to get them away from the haughty eastern seaports. E) all of the above.
D
Despite the flourishing cities, America's population was still about __________ rural. A) 20% B) 40% C) 55% D) 70% E) 90%
D
In the election of 1800, the Federalists accused Thomas Jefferson of all of the following except A) having robbed a widow. B) having fathered numerous mulatto children by his own slave women. C) being an atheist. D) supporting high taxes. E) having robbed children of their trust funds.
D
It was highly significant to the course of future events that A) political democracy preceded economic democracy in the United States. B) deflation rather than inflation resulted from the Revolution. C) no economic depression occurred as a consequence of the Revolution. D) economic democracy preceded political democracy in the United States. E) the United States went off the gold standard after the Revolution.
D
John Jay's 1794 treaty with Britain A) increased George Washington's huge popularity. B) provided further evidence of American support for France. C) alienated America from Spain. D) created deeper splits between Federalists and Democratic-Republicans. E) led to the election of Thomas Jefferson.
D
Match each nation on the left with the correct description of the problem it presented for U.S. foreign relations following the Revolutionary War. A. Britain B. France C. Spain D. Barbary Coast 1. threatened American commerce in the Mediterranean 2. demanded repayment of wartime loans 3. occupied a chain of trading forts in the Old Northwest 4. controlled important trade routes from the interior of North America A) A-1, B-3, C-2, D-4 B) A-2, B-4, C-1, D-3 C) A-2, B-2, C-3, D-4 D) A-3, B-2, C-4, D-1 E) A-4, B-2, C-1, D-3
D
Once begun, the War of 1812 was supported strongly by A) practically all Americans. B) New England and the seaboard states. C) very few people. D) the West and South. E) Native Americans.
D
President Adams sought a peaceful solution to the undeclared war with France in order to A) ensure his chances of reelection in 1800. B) align himself with the Hamiltonian wing of the Federalist party. C) save the Franco-American alliance of 1778. D) prevent the outbreak of a full-scale war. E) keep trade with France in place.
D
Shays's Rebellion convinced many Americans of the need for A) lower taxes. B) granting long-delayed bonuses to Revolutionary War veterans. C) a vigilante effort by westerners to halt the Indian threat. D) a stronger central government. E) a weaker military presence in the West.
D
Shays's Rebellion was provoked by A) fear that the Articles of Confederation had created too strong a national government for the United States. B) efforts by wealthy merchants to replace the Articles of Confederation with a new constitution. C) a quarrel over the boundary between Massachusetts and Vermont. D) foreclosures on the mortgages of backcountry farmers. E) the government's failure to pay bonuses to Revolutionary War veterans.
D
The Articles of Confederation left Congress unable to A) organize development of the western lands. B) deal with foreign affairs. C) apportion state representation equally. D) enforce a tax-collection program. E) establish a postal service.
D
The Bill of Rights was intended to protect __________ against the potential tyranny of _________________________. A) the prerogatives of Congress, the president B) the army and the navy, the national government C) the South, the northern majority D) individual liberties, a strong central government E) civilian authorities, the military
D
The Chesapeake incident involved the flagrant use of A) patronage. B) impeachment. C) judicial view. D) impressment. E) naval blockades.
D
The Constitutional Convention was called to A) write a completely new constitution. B) allow the most radical Revolutionary leaders to write their ideas into law. C) weaken the power of the central government. D) revise the Articles of Confederation. E) reassess our foreign alliances.
D
The Founding Fathers had not envisioned the existence of permanent political parties because they A) opposed anyone who disagreed with them. B) were not part of the early colonial governments. C) had existed in Britain. D) saw opposition to the government as disloyal. E) all of the above.
D
The Second Continental Congress of Revolutionary days A) operated with strong constitutional authority. B) still did not comprise representatives from all thirteen states. C) took away the sovereignty of the states. D) was little more than a conference of ambassadors with very limited power. E) did little of lasting value.
D
The United States acquired free navigation of the Mississippi River in A) the Treaty of Greenville. B) Jay's Treaty. C) the Convention of 1800. D) the Pinckney Treaty. E) the Treaty of Paris.
D
The aspect of Hamilton's financial program that received the least support in Congress was A) funding at par. B) assumption. C) the National Bank. D) a protective tariff. E) excise taxes.
D
The major issue that delayed ratification of the Articles of Confederation concerned A) taxation. B) tariff policy. C) monetary policy. D) western lands. E) monetary standards.
D
The new Constitution did not provide for the creation of a(n) A) Electoral College. B) vice president. C) Supreme Court. D) cabinet. E) federal court system.
D
The ultimate guarantor of liberty and justice was A) the authority of the state. B) a written constitution. C) an independent judicial system. D) the virtue of the people. E) all of the above.
D
The war hawks demanded war with Britain because they wanted to do all of the following except A) wipe out renewed Indian resistance. B) defend American rights. C) gain more territory. D) retaliate for the British burning of Washington, D.C. E) revenge the manhandling of American sailors.
D
The__________ Amendment might rightly be called the "states' rights" amendment. A) First B) Sixth C) Ninth D) Tenth E) Eighth
D
Thomas Jefferson and his followers opposed John Adams's last-minute appointment of new federal judges mainly because A) the men appointed were of poor quality. B) they believed that the appointments were unconstitutional. C) they did not want a showdown with the Supreme Court. D) it was an attempt by a defeated party to entrench itself in the government. E) these judges were not needed.
D
Thomas Jefferson appealed to all of the following groups except A) small shopkeepers. B) the underprivileged. C) the middle class. D) the upper class. E) artisans.
D
Thomas Jefferson argued that a landless class of voters could be avoided in part by A) a redistribution of land. B) a reduced property tax. C) abolishing the property qualification to vote. D) continuing slavery. E) restricting the amount of property owned by each citizen.
D
Thomas Jefferson favored a political system in which A) the central government possessed the bulk of the power. B) cities were the primary focus of political activity. C) a large standing army ensured peace. D) the states retained the majority of political power. E) manufacturing interests dominated.
D
Thomas Jefferson saw navies as less dangerous than armies because A) they were generally smaller in numbers. B) they had little chance of starting a war. ) they were in less contact with foreign powers. D) they could not march inland and endanger liberties. E) all of the above.
D
To the Jeffersonian Republicans, the "ideal" citizen of a republic was a(n) A) seaboard merchant. B) town artisan. C) indentured servant. D) independent farmer. E) industrialist.
D
Under the Articles of Confederation, the relationship between the thirteen states A) improved to the point of total unity. B) was good economically but poor politically. C) led to a single currency. D) convinced many that a stronger central government was needed. E) was good politically but poor economically.
D
Washington's Neutrality Proclamation clearly illustrated the truism that A) he was unprepared for the demands of foreign policy. B) foreign policy should be handled by a group and not by a single individual. C) the United States was trying to do what was best for its allies. D) self-interest is the basic cement of alliances. E) none of the above.
D
When the French Revolution developed into a war with Britain, George Washington and the American government A) supported Britain. B) assisted France militarily. C) tried to capture French possessions in North America and the West Indies. D) remained neutral. E) captured British possessions in North America.
D
Which of the following pairs of items are not directly related to each other? A) implied powers—"necessary and proper" clause B) strict construction—Tenth Amendment C) loose construction—"elastic" clause D) states' rights—loose construction E) "necessary and proper" clause—vested powers
D
With Thomas Jefferson's election as president, the Democratic-Republican party A) grew stronger and more unified. B) removed many Federalists from government jobs. C) soon resented its leaders' lavish life-style. D) grew less unified as the Federalist party began to fade and lose power. E) sought to extend the Alien and Sedition Acts to punish their enemies.
D
According to the compact theory advocated by Jefferson and Madison, A) the national government was the creation of the thirteen sovereign states. B) nullification was an invalid policy. C) the Virginia and Kentucky resolutions were illegal. D) legislation such as the Alien and Sedition Acts was proper. E) individuals, not the states, created the federal government.
A
Alexander Hamilton's Bank of the United States was modeled on the A) Bank of England. B) Swiss National Bank. C) Bank of France. D) national bank that existed in the United States prior to the Constitution. E) National Bank of the Netherlands.
A
All of the following are guarantees provided by the Bill of Rights except A) the right to vote for all citizens. B) freedom of speech. C) freedom of religion. D) freedom of the press. E) right to a trial by a jury.
A
As part of the egalitarian movement of the American Revolution, A) several northern states abolished slavery. B) most states outlawed the overseas trade in indentured servants. C) many states repealed laws against interracial marriage. D) some southern states passed legislation providing for the gradual abolition of slavery. E) laws against interracial marriage were eliminated.
A
As written documents, the state constitutions were intended to A) represent a fundamental law superior to ordinary legislation. B) be subordinate to state laws. C) grant the governor more power than the legislature. D) keep the government in the hands of the well-to-do. E) reaffirm states' rights.
A
During its first quarter-century as a nation, one of the major problems facing America was A) the rivalry and warfare between France and Britain. B) a lack of good political leadership. C) the continued fighting between the United States and the Armed Neutrality League. D) Indian affairs. E) separation of church and state.
A
Federalists strongly supported A) law and order. B) states' rights. C) strict construction. D) popular democracy. E) a weak military.
A
For its continued success, Hamilton's financial program relied heavily on A) trade with Britain. B) removal of the Spanish from the Mississippi Valley. C) aid from France. D) retiring the national debt. E) high taxes.
A
Hamilton believed that, together, his funding and assumption programs would A) gain the monetary and political support of the rich for the federal government. B) restore the principles of state sovereignty. C) be the quickest way to pay off the national debt. D) guarantee the fairest treatment of the original holders of government bonds. E) keep taxes low and therefore create a feeling of loyalty to the new federal government.
A
Jefferson had authorized American negotiators to purchase only ____________________ from France. A) New Orleans and the Floridas B) New Orleans and St. Louis C) Santo Domingo D) the Missouri River basin E) the entire Louisiana Territory
A
Match each political leader with his positions on public policy in the 1790s. A. Hamilton B. Jefferson 1. privileges for the upper classes 2. pro-British 3. sympathy for the common people 4. potent central government 5. pay off the national debt 6. government support for business 7. pro-French 8. universal education A) A-1, 2, 4, 6—B-3, 5, 7, 8 B) A-1, 5, 6, 7—B-2, 3, 4, 8 C) A-2, 3, 5, 8—B-1, 4, 6, 7 D) A-3, 6, 7, 8—B-1, 2, 4, 5 E) A-5, 2, 6, 3—B-1, 4, 7, 8
A
One of George Washington's major contributions as president was A) keeping the nation out of foreign wars. B) the signing of Jay's Treaty. C) his advice against forming permanent alliances with foreign nations. D) securing a pledge from Britain to stop arming Indians on the western lands. E) establishing the political party system.
A
Opposition by Thomas Jefferson and James Madison to the financial plan of Alexander Hamilton resulted in A) the formation of permanent political parties. B) Hamilton's dismissal from the cabinet by George Washington. C) politics drifting too far out of kilter with the wishes of the people. D) the rejection of Hamilton's plan by Washington. E) their dismissal from the cabinet of George Washington.
A
President James Madison made a major foreign-policy mistake when he A) accepted Napoleon's promise to recognize America's rights. B) vetoed Macon's Bill No. 2. C) allied the United States with Britain. D) refused to trust Napoleon. E) declared war on France.
A
Regarding central authority, early Americans saw it as all of the following except A) something to be ultimately eliminated. B) something to be distrusted. C) something to be watched. D) something to be curbed. E) a necessary evil.
A
The French grew angry with the United States after 1794 because A) of Jay's Treaty. B) Congress appointed second-rate ambassadors. C) of the XYZ affair. D) John Adams had been elected president. E) Thomas Jefferson was removed as ambassador.
A
The Jeffersonian Democratic-Republicans presented themselves as all of the following except A) believers in a strong central government. B) strict constructionists. C) protectors of agrarian purity. D) believers of political and economic liberty. E) strong supporters of state's rights.
A
The Sedition Act A) threatened First Amendment freedoms. B) established criteria for deporting dangerous foreigners. C) changed naturalization requirements for new citizens. D) was never enforced. E) was found by the Supreme Court to be unconstitutional.
A
The Whiskey Rebellion of 1794 arose in southwestern Pennsylvania when the federal government A) levied an excise tax on whiskey. B) tried to prohibit the sale of whiskey. C) allowed the import of foreign whiskey. D) halted the export of American whiskey. E) tried to prohibit the manufacturing of whiskey.
A
The antifederalist camp included all of the following groups except A) supporters of a strong central authority. B) states' rights supporters. C) backcountry dwellers. D) paper money advocates. E) debtors.
A
The debate between the supporters and critics of the Articles of Confederation centered on how to A) reconcile states' rights with strong national government. B) transfer territories to equal statehood. C) abolish slavery yet preserve national unity. D) balance the power of legislative and executive offices of government. E) conduct foreign policy while remaining neutral.
A
The delegates at the Constitutional Convention stipulated that the new Constitution be ratified by A) state conventions. B) state legislatures. C) popular referendum. D) majority vote in the Congress. E) the judiciary.
A
The immediate cause of the undeclared war between the United States and France was A) the XYZ affair. B) the Genêt mission. C) the Neutrality Proclamation. D) Washington's Farewell Address. E) Jay's Treaty.
A
Thomas Jefferson ceased his opposition to the expansion of the navy when the A) Pasha of Tripoli declared war on the United States. B) U.S. Marine Corps was established. C) "mosquito fleet" was defeated by the pirates at Tripoli. D) army was disbanded. E) British blockaded the east coast.
A
Thomas Jefferson received the bulk of his support from the A) South and West. B) North. C) large cities. D) East. E) New England.
A
Thomas Jefferson was elected president by the House of Representatives when A) a few Federalists refrained from voting. B) Aaron Burr withdrew from the race. C) Jefferson agreed to appoint John Marshall to the Supreme Court. D) additional Jeffersonians became members of the House. E) the electoral college gave up its responsibility.
A
Washington's Neutrality Proclamation of 1793 A) was based on calculations of American self-interest. B) fulfilled America's obligations under the Franco-American Treaty. C) was opposed by both Alexander Hamilton and Thomas Jefferson. D) dealt a severe blow to French military and naval strategists. E) had little impact on future American foreign policy.
A
When it came to the major Federalist economic programs, Thomas Jefferson as president A) left practically all of them intact. B) quickly dismantled them. C) slowly undid everything the Federalists achieved. D) attacked only the Bank of the United States. E) vetoed any new tariffs.
A
When the new government was launched in 1789, A) the nation's population was doubling about every twenty-five years. B) most people lived in the fast-growing cities. C) most people lived west of the Allegheny Mountains. D) New York was the largest city in the nation. E) Great Britain refused to establish diplomatic relations with the United States.
A
Which of the following Revolutionary leaders was NOT present at the Constitutional Convention? A) Thomas Jefferson B) Benjamin Franklin C) James Madison D) George Washington E) Alexander Hamilton
A
After killing Alexander Hamilton in a duel, Aaron Burr A) fled to France. B) fled to England. C) was arrested and found guilty of murder. D) was arrested and found innocent of murder. E) plotted to divide the United States.
E
All of the following were part of Alexander Hamilton's economic program except A) the creation of a national bank. B) funding the entire national debt at "par." C) vigorous foreign trade. D) protective tariffs. E) paying only domestic debts but not foreign debts.
E
As a means of ensuring that legislators stay in touch with the mood of the people, state constitutions A) were rewritten once every ten years. B) were rewritten once every five years. C) required yearly visits to the homes of their constituents. D) stipulated that ordinary legislation could override the constitution. E) required the annual election of legislators.
E
In 1812, James Madison turned to war A) to help him win re-election. B) due to his hatred of Great Britain. C) to fulfill alliance obligations with France. D) to fulfill alliance obligations with Spain. E) to restore confidence in the republican experiment.
E
In order to purchase New Orleans from France, Thomas Jefferson A) threatened to form an alliance with France's enemy, Spain. B) was unwilling to go to war. C) proposed to break away from all alliances to prove our neutrality. D) was willing to use funds from private individuals if Congress would not authorize enough money for the purchase. E) decided to make an alliance with his old enemy, Britain.
E
Jay's Treaty contained all of the following provisions except A) a British promise to evacuate its chain of forts on U.S. soil. B) British consent to pay damages for the recent seizure of American ships. C) that Americans were bound to pay debts still owed to British merchants on pre-Revolutionary accounts. D) no promise by the British to pay for future seizure of American ships. E) a promise by the British to stop selling arms to the Indians.
E
Motives of the delegates to the 1787 Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia include all of the following except A) to preserve the union. B) to forestall anarchy. C) to ensure the security of life and property. D) to curb unrestrained democracy E) to increase individual freedom.
E
Napoleon chose to sell Louisiana to the United States because A) he had suffered misfortunes in Santo Domingo. B) he hoped that the territory would one day help America to thwart the ambitions of the British. C) he did not want to drive America into the arms of the British. D) yellow fever killed many French troops. E) all of the above.
E
One of the first lessons learned by the Jeffersonians after their victory in the 1800 presidential election was A) the need to strengthen diplomatic ties with Britain. B) to go off the gold standard. C) to decrease tariffs. D) to institute an excise tax. E) that it is easier to condemn from the stump than to govern consistently.
E
One of the major criticisms of the Constitution as drafted in Philadelphia was that it A) was too long and detailed. B) was far too short and required more detail. C) failed to guarantee property rights. D) failed to provide a mechanism for amendment. E) did not provide guarantees for individual rights.
E
Seafaring New England opposed the War of 1812 because of all of the following except A) the Northeast Federalists sympathized with England. B) it resented the Republican's sympathy with Napoleon. C) Federalists opposed the acquisition of Canada. D) it could result in more agrarian states. E) their strong trade ties with France.
E
The "large-state plan" put forward in the Constitutional Convention A) ultimately provided the framework of the Constitution. B) was proposed by Patrick Henry. C) favored states such as New Jersey. D) favored southern states over northern states. E) based representation in the House and Senate on population.
E
The Land Ordinance of 1785 provided for all of the following except A) money from land sales should be used to pay off the national debt. B) the land should be surveyed before its sale. C) the territory should be divided into townships six miles square. D) the sixteenth section should be sold to support education. E) prohibiting slavery.
E
The Treaty of Greenville signed in August with the Miami Confederation resulted in all of the following except A) giving to the United States vast tracts of land in the Old Northwest. B) the Indians receiving a $20,000 lump sum payment. C) an annual annuity of $9,000 to the Indians. D) the right of the Indians to hunt the land they had ceded. E) the establishment of an equal relationship with the Indians
E
The battle of Tippecanoe resulted in A) defeat of the British by the hands of the Indian confederacy. B) a Shawnee loss and a Creek victory. C) a declaration of war by the United States on Great Britain. D) the expulsion of the British from Florida. E) the death of the dream of an Indian confederacy.
E
The federalists believe that the sovereignty of the people resided in which branch of the central government? A) executive B) legislative C) judicial D) none of the above. E) all of the above
E
The idea that all tax measures should start in the House was made to appease A) the least populated states. B) western states. C) eastern states. D) the industrialists. E) the big states with the most people.
E
The new Constitution established the idea that the only legitimate government was one based on A) a strong central government. B) an unwritten constitution. C) the authority of the state. D) control by wealthier people. E) the consent of the governed.
E
Thomas Jefferson saw his election and his mission as president to include all of the following except A) to return to the original spirit of the revolution. B) restore the republican experiment. C) check the growth of the republican experiment. D) halt the decay of virtue. E) support the establishment of a strong army.
E
Among other views, The Federalist, written during the ratification debate, argued that it was A) impossible to safeguard the rights of states from the power of a strong central government. B) possible to extend a republican form of government over a large territory. C) inevitable that slavery would be abolished in the new republic. D) illegal to replace the Articles of Confederation with a new constitution. E) best to establish a direct democracy.
B
Antifederalists believe that the sovereignty of the people resided in which branch of the central government? A) executive B) legislative C) judicial D) cabinet E) all of the above
B
Arrange the following events in chronological order: (A) war hawks enter Congress, (B) declaration of war on Britain, (C) Embargo Act, (D) Battle of Tippecanoe. (A) A, B, C, D (B) C, A, D, B (C) B, C, A, D (D) B, A, D, C (E) B, C, D, A
B
As president, Thomas Jefferson's stand on several political issues that he had previously championed A) remained unchanged. B) was reversed. C) grew even more rigid. D) compelled him to repeal the Alien and Sedition Acts. E) caused him to reject slavery.
B
Britain made neutrality very difficult for the United States during the French and British conflicts of the 1790s by A) granting America numerous trade privileges. B) seizing American merchant ships in the West Indies. C) leaving frontier outposts on American soil. D) helping to relieve tensions between Indians and Americans. E) blocking the major United States' seaports.
B
By 1810, the most insistent demand for a declaration of war against Britain came from A) New England merchants. B) the West and South. C) Federalists. D) the middle Atlantic states. E) southern states.
B
By the time the Constitution was adopted in 1789, A) the American economy was continuing to experience problems. B) prosperity was beginning to return. C) foreign trade was still in terrible shape. D) inflation was continuing to increase. E) the issue of states' rights had all but disappeared.
B
Federalist advocated rule by A) the majority. B) the "best" people. C) farmers. D) industrial workers. E) native born citizens only.
B
Foreign relations between the United States and France deteriorated in the late 1790s over A) the deportation of Citizen Genêt. B) French seizure of American merchant ships. C) the adjustment of the Florida boundary. D) America's unilateral withdrawal from the Franco-American alliance. E) Pinckney's Treaty.
B
Hamilton expected that the revenue to pay the interest on the national debt would come from A) sales taxes and licensing fees. B) customs duties and excise tax. C) income and property taxes. D) western land sales and foreign loans. E) foreign aid.
B
Hamiltonian Federalists advocated A) government interference in private enterprise. B) a strong central government. C) a full-blown democracy. D) strong ties with France. E) a low national debt.
B
Immediately after the Revolution, the new American nation's greatest strength lay in its A) ingrained respect for authority. B) excellent political leadership. C) lack of inhibiting political heritage. D) sound economic structure. E) economic ties to France.
B
In the 1800 election Thomas Jefferson won the state of New York because A) of a reaction against Alexander Hamilton, Jefferson's enemy. B) Aaron Burr used his influence to turn the state to Jefferson. C) of the high taxes passed by the Adams administration. D) Napoleon promised to sell the Louisiana Territory only to Jefferson. E) all of the above.
B
John Marshall, as chief justice of the United States, helped to strengthen the judicial branch of government by A) applying Jeffersonian principles in all of his decisions. B) asserting the doctrine of judicial review of congressional legislation. C) overriding presidential vetoes. D) listening carefully to and heeding the advice of lawyers arguing cases before the Supreme Court. E) increasing the number of justices on the Supreme Court.
B
Lewis and Clark demonstrated the viability of A) travel across the isthmus of Panama. B) an overland trail to the Pacific. C) settlement in the southern portion of the Louisiana territory. D) using Indian guides. E) all of the above.
B
Lewis and Clark's expedition through the Louisiana Purchase territory yielded all of the following except A) a rich harvest of scientific observations. B) treaties with several Indian nations. C) maps. D) hair-raising adventure stories. E) knowledge of the Indians of the region.
B
Macon's Bill No. 2 A) forbade American ships from leaving port. B) permitted trade with all nations but promised that if either Britain or France lifted its commercial restrictions on American trade, the United States would stop trading with the other. C) forbade American trade with Britain and France but promised to open trade with either country if it would cease its violations of American neutrality rights. D) repealed the Embargo Act of 1807. E) halted trade with Britain.
B
Native American leader Tecumseh was killed in 1813 at the A) Battle of Tippecanoe. B) Battle of the Thames. C) Battle of Horseshoe Bend. D) Battle of New Orleans. E) Battle of Fallen Timbers.
B
The 1796 presidential campaign focused heavily on A) the Bank of the United States. B) the candidates' personalities. C) slavery. D) foreign trade. E) real issues
B
The British impressed American sailors into the British navy because A) the Americans took the Chesapeake. B) they needed more men. C) Parliament passed a law. D) of the XYZ affair. E) they wanted to punish the United States.
B
The Federalist-dominated Congress's Alien Act was aimed at ____________________, whereas the Sedition Act was primarily aimed at _____________________. A) rebellious slaves, newspapers B) recent immigrants, newspapers C) recent immigrants, merchants D) merchant smuggling, rebellious slaves E) Indians, farmers
B
The Founding Fathers failed to eliminate slavery because A) they did not truly believe in democracy. B) a fight over slavery might destroy national unity. C) they were more concerned with securing equality for women. D) the North, as its industry expanded, began to rely more heavily on slave labor. E) economic conditions would not allow such a loss.
B
The Northwest Ordinance of 1787 A) provided for the survey and sale of public lands in the Old Northwest. B) established a procedure for governing the Old Northwest territory. C) banned slavery from all territories of the United States. D) cleared the way for ratification of the Articles of Confederation. E) gave control over land to the territories in which they were located.
B
The United States finally negotiated a peace settlement with France in 1800 mainly because Napoleon A) had also reached a peace agreement with Britain. B) wanted to concentrate on gaining more power in Europe. C) realized that the French could not win a military victory over the American forces. D) had been convinced by the Democratic-Republican pleas for cooperation. E) had been removed from power.
B
The economic status of the average American at the end of the Revolutionary War was A) better than before the war. B) probably worse than before the war. C) about the same as before the war. D) more closely tied to Britain than before the war. E) more closely tied to France than before the war.
B
The event of the 1790s that has left the deepest scar on American political and social life is A) the Whiskey Rebellion. B) the French Revolution. C) Hamilton's economic plan for the country. D) the trouble with Native Americans. E) the development of the political party system
B
The issue that finally touched off the movement toward the Constitutional Convention was A) control of public lands. B) control of commerce. C) Indian policy. D) monetary policy. E) foreign threats to our independence.
B
The one branch of the government elected directly by the people is the A) military. B) House of Representatives. C) executive. D) judiciary. E) Senate.
B
The struggle for divorce between religion and government proved fiercest in A) Georgia B) Virginia C) Pennsylvania D) New York E) Maryland
B
The world's first antislavery society was founded by A) Thomas Jefferson. B) Quakers in Philadelphia. C) Puritans in New England. D) Catholics in Maryland. E) the Congregational church.
B
Thomas Jefferson had strong misgivings about the wisdom of A) states' rights. B) maintaining a large standing army. C) having the presidency and Congress controlled by the same party. D) removing federal judges by the process of impeachment. E) judicial review.
B
Thomas Jefferson was conscience-stricken about the purchase of the Louisiana Territory from France because A) the Federalists supported his action. B) he believed that the purchase was unconstitutional. C) he felt that the purchase was not a fair deal for France. D) war with Spain might occur. E) he feared the British might use it as an exercise to declare war on the United States.
B
Thomas Jefferson's "Revolution of 1800" was remarkable in that it A) moved the United States away from its democratic ideals. B) marked the peaceful and orderly transfer of power on the basis of election results accepted by all parties. C) occurred after he left the presidency. ) caused America to do what the British had been doing for a generation regarding the election of a legislative body. E) was in no way a revolution.
B
Thomas Jefferson's embargo failed for all of the following reasons except that A) he underestimated the determination of the British. B) he underestimated Britain's dependence on American trade. C) Britain produced a bumper grain crop. D) Latin America opened its ports for commerce. E) he miscalculated the difficulty of enforcing it.
B
Thomas Jefferson's failed attempt to impeach and convict Supreme Court Justice Samuel Chase for "high crimes and misdemeanors" meant that A) no federal judge could ever be removed from office. B) judicial independence and the separation of powers had been preserved. C) Jefferson's effectiveness as president had been lost. D) an unfortunate precedent had been established. E) Aaron Burr would go free.
B
Thomas Jefferson's first major foreign-policy decision was to A) purchase Louisiana from France. B) send a naval squadron to the Mediterranean. C) drive the British out of the northwest forts. D) purchase Florida from Spain. E) form an alliance with Spain.
B
To deal with British and French violations of America's neutrality, Thomas Jefferson A) declared war on Britain. B) enacted an economic embargo. C) declared war on France. D) did nothing. E) sought trade relations with Spain and Holland.
B
Washington's Farewell Address in 1796 A) warmly endorsed the appearance of two contending political parties in America. B) warned against the dangers of permanent foreign alliances. C) was delivered to a joint session of Congress by Washington himself. D) proposed a two-term limitation on the presidency. E) all of the above.
B
Which of the following is a compromise in the Constitution? A) counting all slaves in apportioning membership in the House B) continuation of the foreign slave trade C) direct election of the president D) control of interstate commerce by the national government E) prohibiting states from abolishing slave trade
B
A major strength of the Articles of Confederation was its A) control over interstate commerce. B) strong judicial branch. C) presentation of the ideal of a united nation. D) ability to coin money. E) strong executive branch.
C
After the Revolutionary War, both Britain and Spain A) tried to gain control of Florida. B) did their best to win the friendship of America. C) prevented America from exercising effective control over about half of its total territory. D) helped America to fight the pirates in North America. E) abandoned their fortifications in the Old Northwest.
C
Alexander Hamilton's financial plan for strengthening the economy and bolstering national credit proposed all of the following except A) funding the national debt. B) assuming state debts. C) abolishing tariffs. D) establishing a national bank. E) a low protective wall around infant industries.
C
Alexander Hamilton's financial program for the economic development of the United States favored A) agricultural interests. B) trade with France. C) the wealthier class. D) the poor. E) the middle class.
C
Arrange the following events in chronological order: (A) XYZ affair, (B) Neutrality Proclamation, (C) Jay's Treaty, (D) Kentucky and Virginia resolutions. (A) C, B, A, D (B) B, A, C, D (C) B, C, A, D (D) C, B, D, A (E) A, B, D,
C
Arrange these events in chronological order: (A) Louisiana Purchase, (B) Chesapeake incident, (C) Burr's trial for treason, (D) Embargo Act. (A) A, B, D, C (B) C, D, A, B (C) A, C, B, D (D) D, B, C, A (E) B, D, C, A
C
As chief justice of the United States, John Marshall helped to ensure that A) states' rights were protected. B) the programs of Alexander Hamilton were overturned. C) the political and economic systems were based on a strong central government. D) both the Supreme Court and the president could rule a law unconstitutional. E) Aaron Burr was convicted of treason
C
Before he became Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, John Marshall's service at Valley Forge during the American Revolution convinced him A) to support Thomas Jefferson and his republican principles. B) to give up the life of a soldier and return to law school. C) of the drawbacks of feeble central authority. D) of the futility of opposing Britain. E) all of the above.
C
By their actions, the delegates to the Constitutional Convention manifested their common beliefs in all of the following except A) government by the consent of the governed. B) checks and balances in government. C) manhood-suffrage democracy. D) the sanctity of private property. E) a stronger central government.
C
Early signs of the abolitionist movement can be seen in the A) Articles of Confederation. B) Constitution. C) emancipation of some slaves. D) passage of laws allowing interracial marriage. E) abolition of slavery in a few southern states
C
Hamilton's major programs seriously infringed on A) checks and balances. B) national security. C) states' rights. D) free enterprise. E) federal authority.
C
Hamilton's position on the war between Britain and France in 1793 was primarily influenced by A) his commitment to the Franco-American alliance of 1778. B) the threat of British naval action against the American coast. C) the national government's dependence on customs collections for revenue. D) his personal commitment to democratic government as a world ideal. E) all of the above.
C
In 1800, Thomas Jefferson was chosen president by the A) people. B) Electoral College. C) House of Representatives. D) wealthy. E) business sector.
C
In Jay's Treaty, the British A) pledged to stop seizing American ships. B) released Americans from their pre-Revolutionary War debt obligations to British merchants. C) promised to evacuate the chain of forts in the Old Northwest. D) refused to pay damages for seizures of American ships. E) were denied most favored nation status
C
In the election campaign of 1796, the Democratic-Republicans made their primary issue A) the content of Washington's Farewell Address. B) Washington's refusal to consult Congress before issuing the Neutrality Proclamation. C) the terms of Jay's Treaty. D) the terms of the Pinckney Treaty. E) Alexander Hamilton's idea for a national bank.
C
Match the individual with his office in the new government. A. Thomas Jefferson B. Alexander Hamilton C. Henry Knox 1. attorney general 2. secretary of state 3. secretary of war 4. secretary of treasury A) A-1, B-3, C-2 B) A-3, B-1, C-4 C) A-2, B-4, C-3 D) A-4, B-2, C-l E) A-1, B-4, C-
C
Most of the delegates at the Constitutional Convention could best be labeled A) states' rightists. B) antifederalists. C) nationalists. D) ordinary citizens. E) counter revolutionaries.
C
