Chapter 9-13 Exam Life Spam Development

Age of recognition of being Gay

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Rate of bad health habits/Adolescents vs. Emerging Adulthood

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School suspensions by Ethnicity

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Self-esteem and Adolescent girls

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Vision of Adolescence

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Suicidal rate for adolescence

10-14 year old is 6% 15-19 year old is 12%

Age of Emerging Adulthood

18 to 25 years of age.

Average growth of children in early childhood

2.5 inches until age 11

Kohlberg's Theory of Moral Development

3 levels of moral thinking: Pre-conventional, Conventional and Post-conventional.

Percentage of U.S. 15 year old meeting Federal Governments Exercise recommendations.

31% do vigorous daily exercise 17% only on weekends

Rate of suicide in 10-19 year old group

3rd. leading cause of death

Average pounds gained per year

5 to 7 pounds per year

Percent of individuals who had sex by age 25

60%

Percentage by age 20 engaged in sex

77%

Menarche

A girl's first menstruation.

Constructivist Approach

A learner centered approach that emphasizes the importance of individuals actively constructing their knowledge and understanding with guidance from the other teacher.

Dysgraphia

A learning disability that involves difficulty in handwriting

Puberty

A period of rapid physical maturation occurring primarily in early adolescence, that involves hormonal and bodily changes.

Asperger's syndrome

A relatively mild autism disorder in which the child has relatively good verbal language, milder nonverbal language problems, and a restricted range of interests and relationships.

Narcissism

A self-centered and self-concerned approach towards others.

Cliques

A small group that ranges from 2 to about 12 individuals, averaging about 5 to 6 and can form because adolescents engage in similar activities.

Leading cause of death in adolescence

Accidents

Age of major shift to Autonomy

Adolescent age

Homicide rate by ethnicity

African American males

Bulimia

An eating disorder in which the individual consistently follows a binge and purge pattern.

Anorexia

An eating disorder that involves the relentless pursuit of thinness through starvation.

Ethnic Identity

An enduring basis aspect of the self that includes a sense of membership in an ethnic group and the attitudes and feelings related to that membership.

Theorist proposed storm and stress view for adolescence

Anna Freud

School work- U.S. vs. East Asia

Asian students consistently outperform American students.

Peak age for physical performance

Between age 19 to age 26.

Gender Stereotypes

Broad categories that reflect general impressions and beliefs about females and males.

Second leading cause of death from age 5 to age 14

Cancer

Early puberty and its impact

Children are likely to have short stature, early sexual capability and potential for engaging in age-inappropriate behavior.

Date Rape

Coercive sexual activity directed at someone with whom the perpetrator is at least casually acquainted.

Metacognition

Cognition about cognition or knowing about knowing

Friendship functions

Companionship, stimulation, physical support, ego support, social comparison, and affection and intimacy.

Third grade-Stage of Cognitive Development

Concrete Operational Stage

Sternberg's Triarchic Theory of Intelligence

Consists of analytical intelligence, creative intelligence and practical intelligence

Illnesses and adolescent mothers

Create risk for both the baby and the mother, such as low birth weights, neurological problems and childhood illness.

Rate of children in daily P.E. programs between 1969 and 1999

Decreased from 80% to 20%

Bullying increases what feelings?

Depression and suicide

Major depressive disorder and rate in adolescents

Depressive symptoms, a sense of hopelessness, engaging in suicide ideas, having a family background of suicidal behavior, and having friends with a history of suicidal behavior.

Learning Disability

Describes a child who has difficulty in learning that involves understanding or using spoken or written language, and the difficulty can appear in listening, thinking, reading, writing and spelling. Maybe also Math.

Self Concept

Domain-specific evaluations of the self.

Gender Differences with depression in adolescents

Female rate is twice of male adolescents rate.

Rape and under-reporting

Forcible sexual intercourse with a person who does not give consent.

4th. Stage of Cognitive Development

Formal Operational

Sexual orientation determined by

Genetic, hormonal, cognitive and environmental factors.

Age of peak rate of pubertal change

Girls 8- 9 Boys 10-17

Recognized markers of entry into adulthood

Holding a more or less permanent full-time job.

Erikson's 5th Developmental Stage

Identity vs. Identity Confusion

Obesity rate in U.S. since 1900

Increased

Identity Confusion

Individuals withdraw, isolating themselves from peers and family, or they immerse themselves in the world of peers and lose their identity in the crowd.

Erikson's 4th. Stage of Development

Industry vs. Inferiority

Juvenile delinquency and income

Is high in low income groups.

Post-formal Thought

It involves understanding that the correct answer to a problem can require reflective thinking, that the correct answer can vary from one situation to another, and that the search for truth is often an ongoing, never-ending process. It also involves the believe that solutions to problems need to be realistic and that emotion and subjective factors can influence thinking.

Crowds

Larger group structure than a Clique and is usually formed based on reputation, members may or may not spend much time together.

Highest teen birth rate by ethnicity

Latina adolescent

Type of cancer prevalent in children

Leukemia

Predictions for delinquent behavior

Minority groups, lower-socioeconomic status youth, & antisocial behavior

Nutrition and Adolescence

Overweight adolescents increased 80% of males and 92% of females in the 95 percentile and higher Body Mass Index (BMI) became obese adults.

Gisela Labouvie-Vief's Theory

Proposed that increasing complexity of cultures in the past has generated considerable individual variation characterizes the thinking of emerging adults with the highest level of thinking attained by only some and argues that the level of education emerging adults achieve especially influences how likely they will maximize their cognitive potential.

Leptin

Protein that is involved in satiety (being full) and releasing by fat cells, resulting in decreased food intake and increased energy expenditure.

Corregulation

Psychological conflict of middle childhood, resolved positively when children develop a sense of competence at useful skills and tasks.

Over past 60 years rate of High School Drop outs

Rates declined.

Religious adolescents and Community Service

Religion declined from ages 14 to 20 from 85% to 78%.

Characteristics of High Self-esteem

Self-evaluative thoughts, which leads to the self-generated approval that raises self-esteem.

Relational Aggression

Spreading disparaging rumors to harm someone.

Fuzzy Trace Theory

States that memory is best understood by considering 2 types of memory representations: verbatim memory trace and gist

Identity Diffusion

Status of individuals who have not yet experienced a crisis or made any commitments.

Friendships and Adolescents

Teenagers prefer to have smaller number of friendships that are more intense and intimate than those of young children.

Media habits of Children and Adolescents

Television and playing Video Games.

Preferable Media for Older Adolescents

The Internet and listening to Music.

Transitivity

The ability to logically combine relations to understand certain conclusions

Seriation

The ability to order stimuli along a quantitative dimension

Mindset

The cognitive view, either fixed or growth, that individuals develop for themselves.

Egocentrism

The heightened self-consciousness of adolescents.

Corpus Callosum

The location where fibers connect the brain's left and right hemisphere.

Personal Fables

The part of the adolescent egocentrism that involves an adolescent's sense of uniqueness and invincibility for invulnerability.

Set Point Weight

The weight you maintain when you make no efforts to gain or loose weight.

Divergent Thinking

Thinking that produces many answers to the same questions and is characteristics of creativity

Social Conventional Reasoning

Thoughts about social consensus and convention, in contrast to moral reasoning, which stresses ethical issues.

Social Cognition

Thoughts about social matters, such as an aggressive boy's interpretations of an encounter as hostile and classmates

Children and cardiovascular disease

Uncommon in children

Gardner's Theory of Intelligence

Verbal, Mathematical, Spatial, Bodily-kinesthetic, Musical, Interpersonal, Intrapersonal and Naturalist. Verbal- Ability to think in words and use language to express meaning. Mathematical- Ability to carry out mathematical operations. Spatial- Ability to think 3-Dimensionally Bodily-kinesthetic- Ability to manipulate objects and be physically adept. Musical- Sensitivity to pitch, melody, rhythm and tone. Interpersonal- Ability to understand and interact effectively with others. Intrapersonal- The ability to understand oneself. Naturalist- The ability to observe patterns in nature and understand natural and human-made systems.

Flynn Effect

Worldwide increase in intelligence tests scores that has occurred over a short time frame.