CHAPTER 9

The joint that permits the greatest range of mobility of any joint in the body is the ________ joint. A) wrist B) hip C) knee D) elbow E) shoulder

E) shoulder

Which of the following movements is a good example of abduction? A) spreading the fingers B) turning the hand palm upward C) extreme bending of the head backwards D) moving the hand toward the shoulder E) opening the mouth

A) spreading the fingers

All of the following are structural classifications of synovial joints, except A) hinge B) gliding C) saddle D) pivot E) rolling

E) rolling

Joints in which the bones are closely fitted are A) strong joints with restricted movement B) weak joints with restricted movement C) strong and free-moving joints D) joints in the limbs that function for locomotion E) synovial joints

A) strong joints with restricted movement

An immovable joint is a(n) A) synarthrosis. B) symphysis. C) amphiarthrosis. D) syndesmosis. E) diarthrosis.

A) synarthrosis.

Which of the following ligaments is not associated with the hip joint? A) anterior cruciate ligament B) iliofemoral ligament C) ischiofemoral ligament D) pubofemoral ligament E) ligamentum teres

A) anterior cruciate ligament

The joint between the forearm bones and the wrist is a A) condylar joint. B) saddle joint. C) pivot joint. D) glide joint. E) hinge joint.

A) condylar joint.

Syndesmosis is to ligament as symphysis is to A) fibrous cartilage B) completely fused C) rigid cartilaginous bridge D) dense regular connective tissue E) Lubrication

A) fibrous cartilage

The joint between the carpals is a/an ________ joint. A) gliding B) pivot C) amphiarthrosis D) condylar E) hinge

A) gliding

The ankle joint is an example of a(n) ________ joint. A) hinge B) gliding C) saddle D) condylar E) ball-and-socket

A) hinge

All of the following are structural classifications of synovial joints, except A) rolling B) pivot C) gliding D) hinge E) paddle

A) rolling

Which of the following is not a characteristic of articular cartilage? A) There is no perichondrium B) It secretes synovial fluid C) It is composed cartilage similar to hyaline cartilage D) The matrix contains more water than other cartilages E) Surfaces are normally slick and smooth

B) It secretes synovial fluid

A slightly movable joint is a(n) A) synostosis. B) amphiarthrosis. C) diarthrosis. D) gomphosis. E) synarthrosis.

B) amphiarthrosis.

The knuckle joint is classified as a ________ joint. A) glide B) condylar C) pivot D) hinge E) saddle

B) condylar

Which of the following ligaments assist in stabilization of the shoulder joint? A) subscapularis B) coracoacromial and coracoclavicular ligaments C) coracoclavicular D) coracoacromial and subscapular ligaments E) coracoacromial

B) coracoacromial and coracoclavicular ligaments

The ligaments that limit the anterior-posterior movement of the femur and maintain the alignment of the femoral and tibial condyles are the ________ ligaments. A) patellar B) cruciate C) popliteal D) tibial collateral E) fibular collateral

B) cruciate

A synovial joint is an example of a(n) A) amphiarthrosis. B) diarthrosis. C) symphysis. D) synarthrosis. E) syndesmosis.

B) diarthrosis.

The intervertebral disc joint is called a A) synarthrosis. B) symphysis. C) synchondrosis. D) glide joint. E) condylar joint.

B) symphysis.

A suture is an example of a(n) A) syndesmosis. B) synarthrosis. C) symphysis. D) amphiarthrosis. E) diarthrosis.

B) synarthrosis.

In the knee joint, the medial and lateral menisci A) are fat pads to protect the articulating bones. B) are found between the patella and femur. C) act as cushions and conform to the shape of the articulating surfaces. D) take the place of bursae. E) are cartilages that bind the knee to the tibia.

C) act as cushions and conform to the shape of the articulating surfaces.

Bursae are found in all of the following areas, except A) around many synovial joints. B) beneath the skin covering a bone. C) around blood vessels. D) tendon sheaths. E) within connective tissue exposed to friction or pressure.

C) around blood vessels.

The surface of articular cartilage is A) rough. B) slick. C) both slick and smooth. D) flat. E) smooth.

C) both slick and smooth.

Nodding your head "yes" is an example of A) circumduction. B) lateral and medial rotation. C) flexion and extension. D) pronation and supination. E) protraction and retraction.

C) flexion and extension.

Herniated intervertebral disc is caused by A) loss of annulus fibrosis elasticity B) slippage of the fibrocartilage disc C) profusion of the nucleus pulposus D) transformation of fibrocartilage to hyaline cartilage E) ossification of the vertebral disc

C) profusion of the nucleus pulposus

Which of the following joints is an example of a ball-and-socket joint? A) knee B) elbow C) shoulder D) wrist E) ankle

C) shoulder

Which of the following movements is a good example of flexion? A) extreme bending of the head backwards B) moving the hand toward the shoulder C) spreading the fingers D) opening the mouth E) turning the hand palm upward

C) spreading the fingers

Which of the following movements is a good example of supination? A) extreme bending of the head backwards B) spreading the fingers C) turning the hand palm upward D) moving the hand toward the shoulder E) opening the mouth

C) turning the hand palm upward

The "rotator cuff" of the shoulder functions to A) allow monaxial movement. B) reinforce the joint capsule. C) limit the range of movements. D) allow biaxial movement. E) reinforce the joint capsule and limit the range of movements.

E) reinforce the joint capsule and limit the range of movements.

A freely movable joint is a(n) A) amphiarthrosis. B) syndesmosis. C) symphysis. D) diarthrosis. E) synarthrosis.

D) diarthrosis.

The synarthrosis that binds the teeth to the bony sockets is a A) synotosis B) syndesmosis C) suture D) gomphosis E) synchondrosis

D) gomphosis

An extension past the anatomical position is known as A) double-jointed. B) flexion. C) extension. D) hyperextension. E) rotation.

D) hyperextension.

Which of the following is not a function of synovial fluid? A) shock absorption B) protects articular cartilages C) provides nutrients D) increases osmotic pressure within joint E) lubrication

D) increases osmotic pressure within joint

To pinch with a thumb and finger involves a movement called A) circumduction B) rotation C) retraction D) opposition E) eversion

D) opposition

An example of a synchondrosis is the articulation of the A) femur with the acetabulum. B) navicular bone with the cuniform bones. C) radius and the ulna. D) ribs with the sternum. E) atlas and the axis.

D) ribs with the sternum.

The joint between the trapezium and metacarpal bone of the thumb is an example of a(n) ________ joint. A) gliding B) hinge C) pivot D) saddle E) condylar

D) saddle

Joints in which adjacent bones are joined by a strong interosseous ligament are A) diarthroses. B) synchrondroses. C) symphyses. D) syndesmoses. E) synarthroses.

D) syndesmoses.

Factors that increase the stability of the hip joint include A) tough capsule. B) strong muscular padding. C) supporting ligaments. D) almost complete bony socket. E) All of the answers are correct.

E) All of the answers are correct.

Joints can be classified structurally as A) bony. B) cartilaginous. C) fibrous. D) synovial. E) All of the answers are correct.

E) All of the answers are correct.

Which of the following occurs when the articular cartilage is damaged? A) The exposed surface changes to a rough feltwork. B) Friction in the joint increases. C) Normal synovial joint function is unable to continue. D) The matrix begins to break down. E) All of the answers are correct.

E) All of the answers are correct.

Which of these is one of the four major types of synarthrotic joints? A) suture B) gomphosis C) synostosis D) synchondrosis E) All of the answers are correct.

E) All of the answers are correct.

All of the following statements are true, except one. Identify the exception. A) The tighter two bones are held together within a joint, the stronger the joint. B) The shapes of the articulating surfaces within the joint help prevent movement in a particular direction and strengthen and stabilize the joint. C) The rotator cuff functions to limit the range of movements of the shoulder joint. D) The tension produced by muscle tendons surrounding a joint help stabilize the joint. E) The more movement a joint allows, the stronger the joint.

E) The more movement a joint allows, the stronger the joint.

Lifting a stone with the tip of foot is A) eversion. B) circumduction. C) inversion. D) plantar flexion. E) dorsiflexion.

E) dorsiflexion.

A twisting motion of the foot that turns the sole of the foot outward is known as A) inversion. B) dorsiflexion. C) plantar flexion. D) pronation. E) eversion.

E) eversion.

The movements known as dorsiflexion and plantar flexion involve moving the A) leg B) arm C) hip D) hand E) foot

E) foot

The largest and strongest articulation at the elbow is the A) radial joint. B) ulnar joint. C) humero-ulnar joint. D) ulnaradial joint. E) humeroradial joint.

E) humeroradial joint.

The ligament that provides support to the front of the knee joint is the ________ ligament. A) tibial collateral B) anterior cruciate C) popliteal D) posterior cruciate E) patellar

E) patellar

Which foot movement enables the ballerina to stand on her toes? A) eversion B) dorsiflexion C) inversion D) rotation E) plantar flexion

E) plantar flexion

The back of the knee joint is reinforced by ________ ligaments. A) patellar B) tibial collateral C) anterior cruciate D) posterior cruciate E) popliteal

E) popliteal

Why would joint immobility contribute to the degeneration of articular cartilages in the affected joint? a. Synovial fluid nourishes the cartilage with nutrients and picks up waste products. b. Blood flow would decrease within the cartilage. c. Articular cartilage would absorb too much water. d. Both A and B are correct.

a. Synovial fluid nourishes the cartilage with nutrients and picks up waste products.

You have a young adult patient complaining of joint pain and inflammation. Her uric acid levels are abnormal. Your diagnosis is _____ and the cause is _____. a. gouty arthritis; uric acid crystals in synovial fluid b. rheumatoid arthritis; autoimmune c. osteoarthritis; wear and tear of joints d. herniated disc; rupture of the anulus fibrosus

a. gouty arthritis; uric acid crystals in synovial fluid

Where would you find the following ligaments: iliofemoral ligament, pubofemoral ligament, and ischiofemoral ligament? a. hip joint b. knee joint c. shoulder joint d. ankle joint

a. hip joint

A person standing on her toes is ____, while a person trying to kick his own gluteal region is _____. a. plantar flexing; flexing his leg b. dorsiflexing; extending his leg c. everting her feet; flexing his thigh d. inverting her feet; pronating his leg

a. plantar flexing; flexing his leg

How would you classify a suture in the skull according to its movement/function? a. synarthrosis b. synchondrosis c. synostosis d. syndesmosis

a. synarthrosis

The anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments of the knee are distinctive in what way? a. They tighten only when the knee is fully extended. b. They are inside the joint capsule and prevent anterior and posterior movement of the femur. c. They reinforce the joint's posterior surface. d. They work with the patellar ligament to support the anterior surface of the joint.

b. They are inside the joint capsule and prevent anterior and posterior movement of the femur.

Why is "clergyman's knee" (a type of bursitis) common among carpet layers and roofers? a. Their jobs demand locked knees for long periods of time. b. They kneel often. c. Bursitis is caused by skin abrasion as happens in their jobs. d. There is lateral stress on the knee in these occupations.

b. They kneel often.

When you do jumping jacks, which lower limb movements are necessary? a. flexion and extension b. abduction and adduction c. flexion and abduction d. plantar flexion and eversion

b. abduction and adduction

Joints are classified structurally as _____, based on _____. a. sutures, gomphoses, or synchondroses; locomotion b. cartilaginous, fibrous, or synovial; material binding the joint c. synarthroses, amphiarthroses, or diarthroses; amount of movement d. monaxial, biaxial, or triaxial; number of planes of movement

b. cartilaginous, fibrous, or synovial; material binding the joint

A football player received a blow to the upper surface of his shoulder, causing a shoulder separation. What does this mean? a. breaking of the clavicle and scapula b. dislocation of the acromioclavicular joint c. dislocation of the sternoclavicular joint d. none of the above

b. dislocation of the acromioclavicular joint

Menisci are not found in every synovial joint. Menisci are ________. Their function is ________. a. another name for bursae; reducing friction b. pads of fibrocartilage; subdividing a synovial cavity and allowing for variations in shape of articular surfaces c. fat pads; protecting articular cartilage d. specialized intracapsular ligaments; reducing undesirable movements

b. pads of fibrocartilage; subdividing a synovial cavity and allowing for variations in shape of articular surfaces

Which of the following joints is a biaxial synovial condyloid joint? a. the joint between metacarpal I and the thumb b. the radiocarpal joint c. the pivot joint at C1 and C2 d. the hinge joint between the proximal and medial phalanges

b. the radiocarpal joint

After Terry injured his elbow, he noticed a large degree of motion between the radius and the ulna at the elbow. Which ligament did Terry damage? a. radial collateral ligament b. ulnar collateral ligament c. annular ligament d. interosseus membrane

c. annular ligament

Which ligament connects the occipital bone with the spinous process of all cervical vertebrae? a. supraspinous ligament b. ligamentum flavum c. ligamentum nuchae d. interspinous ligament

c. ligamentum nuchae

Joints are classified functionally as _____, which is based on _____. a. sutures, gomphoses, or synchondroses; location b. cartilaginous, fibrous, or synovial; material binding the joint c. synarthroses, amphiarthroses, or diarthroses; amount of movement d. monaxial, biaxial, or triaxial; number of planes of movement

c. synarthroses, amphiarthroses, or diarthroses; amount of movement

Which of these characteristics is NOT a component of synovial joints? a. ends of opposing bones covered by articular cartilage b. joint cavity enclosed by an articular capsule c. synovial membrane made of dense regular connective tissue d. synovial fluid

c. synovial membrane made of dense regular connective tissue

Which vertebral movements are involved in (a) looking at the ceiling, (b) bending your neck side to side, and (c) moving your chin to your chest? a. (a) hyperflexion; (b) rotation; (c) flexion b. (a) hyperextension; (b) extension; (c) rotation c. (a) rotation; (b) lateral flexion; (c) flexion d. (a) hyperextension; (b) lateral flexion; (c) flexion

d. (a) hyperextension; (b) lateral flexion; (c) flexion

The vertebral column does not contain intervertebral discs between ________. The absence of discs is significant because ______. a. sacral vertebrae; these vertebrae are fused b. coccygeal vertebrae; these vertebrae are fused c. the atlas and the axis; a disc would prevent rotation d. all of the above

d. all of the above

What symptoms would you expect to see in an individual who has damaged the menisci of the knee joint? a. difficulty in locking the knee b. inability to stabilize the joint c. pain in the knee area d. all of the above

d. all of the above

Which answer below is an example of an amphiarthrotic joint? a. syndesmosis between the distal tibia and fibula b. symphysis between pubic bones c. symphysis between the vertebral bodies of the vertebral column d. all of the above

d. all of the above

If you were looking at a synchondrosis in a skeleton, you'd be looking at the _____. a. joint between the first rib and manubrium b. epiphyseal cartilage between epiphysis and diaphysis of a long bone c. pubic symphysis d. both A and B

d. both A and B

Types of angular motion include which of these movements? a. pronation and supination b. circumduction c. adduction and abduction d. both B and C

d. both B and C

The relationships of the skeletal system to which other systems is critical for regulation of calcium and phosphate levels? a. respiratory and lymphatic systems b. integumentary and reproductive systems c. endocrine and cardiovascular systems d. digestive and urinary systems

d. digestive and urinary systems

Which tissues or structures provide most of the stability for the shoulder joint? a. bone and adipose b. tendons and bones c. fatty pads and muscles d. ligaments and muscles

d. ligaments and muscles

In a newborn infant, the large bones of the skull are joined by fibrous connective tissue. The joints are ______ and will grow, interlock, and form immovable bones called _______ joints. a. synarthroses; gomphosis b. symphyses; sutural c. synchondroses; synostosis d. syndesmoses; sutural

d. syndesmoses; sutural

Which joints are considered pivot joints? a. the joint between the tibia and fibula b. the joint between the pollex and metacarpal I c. the joints between the carpal bones d. the joint at the proximal radius and ulna

d. the joint at the proximal radius and ulna