Chapter 9

Which of the following INCORRECTLY pairs the hormone(s) needed to achieve the effect listed? A. parathyroid hormone alone- production of active vitamin D B. active vitamin D and parathyroid hormone- decreased calcium excretion by the kidneys C. active vitamin D alone- increased release of calcium from bone D. active vitamin D- increase in calcium absorption in the small intestine

C

Which of the following is NOT a good food source of calcium A. yogurt B. milk C. mustard greens D. eggs

C

All of the following are good food sources of potassium EXCEPT: A. cream cheese frosting B. dried apricots C. tomato juice D. baked potato

A

Hyponatremia occurs when there is: A. excessive water consumption B. excessive potassium C. excessive exercise D. inadequate water consumption

A

What mineral is NOT a structural component of bone? A. potassium B. phosphorus C. sulfur D. magnesium

A

Which mineral is NOT involved in generation of nerve impulses? A. phosphorus B. magnesium C. sodium D. calcium

A

Which of the following correctly ranks the routes of body water loss from largest to smallest, by average volume? A. urine, skin, lungs, feces B. skin, urine, lungs, feces C. urine, feces, skin, lungs D. urine, skin, feces, lungs

A

Which of the following is associated with an increased risk of hypertension? A. high sodium intake B. under age 50 C. high potassium intake D. high magnesium intake

A

Which of the following is true of minerals? A. minerals can't be synthesized by the body B. enrichment replaces the majority of minerals that are lost when grains are refined C. minerals can be broken down when exposed to light, heat, or digestion D. mineral content of foods doesn't change during preparation

A

____________ is a condition in which bone structure is porous, weak, and brittle and susceptible to fracture. A. osteoporosis B. calcium homeostasis C. osteopenia D. osteomalacia

A

All of the following minerals are correctly matched with one of their main functions EXCEPT: A. calcium- blood clotting B. potassium- component of DNA C. phosphorus- regulation of protein activity D. magnesium- cofactor for numerous enzymes

B

Since peak bone mass is achieved around age 30, what should be consumed regularly prior to that time to maximize bone mass? A. foods with calcium and potassium B. foods with calcium and vitamin D C. foods with vitamin D D. foods with calcium E. foods with potassium

B

The action LEAST likely to build stronger bones is: A. lifting weights at the gym two days a week B. swimming laps for 30 minutes, five days a week C. including food sources of vitamin D, such as mushrooms and egg yolks D. consuming a nutrient dense diet, with adequate dairy and green vegetables

B

Which minerals are increased in the DASH diet helping to lower blood pressure and reduce the risk of heart disease? A. potassium, iodine, and calcium B. potassium, calcium, and magnesium C. magnesium, sodium, and calcium D. potassium, phosphorus, and calcium

B

Which of the following is NOT a factor that can affect the bioavailability of minerals? A. competition with other minerals B. sugar content in foods C. mineral binders present in foods D. nutrient status

B

Which of the following is NOT a function of sodium? A. required for muscle contractions B. major component of cell membranes C. regulation of fluid balance D. need for active transport of many nutrients

B

Which of the following statements regarding water is true? A. about 40% of our body mass is water B. osmosis is the movement of water across a membrane towards higher solute concentrations C. women generally have a higher body water content than men D. about 35% of the mass of adipose tissue is water

B

Which of the following is a CORRECT statement regarding the regulation of water balance? A. a change in solute concentrations in blood is sensed by the pituitary B. antidiuretic hormone stimulates the sensation of thirst C. antidiuretic hormone causes the kidneys to excrete less water D. antidiuretic hormone is released by the hypothalamus

C

Who likely has the highest bone density? A. Elianna, a 16-year-old gymnast B. Gerald, a lifelong body builder who lifts weights regularly at 58 years old C. Gracelyn, a 28-year-old who does weight-bearing exercise three days a week D. Mara, a 33-year-old office employee who uses a wheelchair and drinks milk most days

C

The functions of water in the body include all of the following EXCEPT: A. transport nutrients and oxygen to tissues B. protect the brain, eyes, and spinal cord against injury and shock C. helps to regulate body temperature D. provides energy to the body

D

What is the relationship between bone density and age? A. with adequate diet, exercise, and absence of disease, bone breakdown equals bone formation, preventing loss of bone density B. over the age of 30 years, physical activity levels decrease, leading to increased bone breakdown and reduced bone density C. after menopause, women have increased estrogen production, leading to decreased bone density D. after the growth years, bone breakdown exceeds bone formation, leading to decreased bone density

D

Which choice lists all of the major minerals? A. calcium, manganese, phosphorus, sulfur, sodium, chloride, and potassium B. calcium, iron, phosphorus, sulfur, sodium, manganese, and potassium C. calcium, manganese, iron, phosphorus, sodium, chloride, and potassium D. calcium, sodium, potassium, phosphorus, sulfur, magnesium, and chloride

D

Which of the following CORRECTLY identifies the fluid compartments where the concentration of each electrolyte is highest? A. chloride: intracellular; potassium: intracellular; sodium: extracellular B. chloride: intracellular; potassium: extracellular; sodium: extracellular C. chloride: intracellular; potassium: extracellular: sodium: intracellular D. chloride: extracellular; potassium: intracellular; sodium: extracellular

D

Which of the following is true of osteoporosis? A. men never experience osteoporosis B. in women, low estrogen levels decrease the risk of osteoporosis C. the risk of death doesn't change following an osteoporotic bone break D. physical inactivity and smoking are risk factors for osteoporosis

D

Which of the following is true of sodium? A. the minimum sodium intake for adults with a normal risk of hypertension is 2300 mg/day B. it is prudent to keep sodium intake as low as possible C. the majority of sodium in our diet occurs naturally in foods D. sodium and potassium content of foods tend to be inversely related

D