Chapter 9

Which of the following is an example of an effective signpost?

"First, I will discuss what fracking is."

Which of the following is an example of an effective internal summary?

"In short, olives are native to the Mediterranean region but have since spread all around the world."

Which are two reasons for why it is important for a speech to be well organized?

-Unlike reading a text, the audience cannot reread parts to better understand the message. -The speaker's coherence affects the listener's perception of the speech.

Supporting materials should be well-organized and directly relevant to the ______ that they are supporting.

main points

If you decide to use a chronological order of main points in your speech, you are using an arrangement based on a or an ______ pattern.

time

If the statement, "We have discussed the causes of diabetes; now let us look at some of the effects of diabetes," were in the body of a speech, what kind of connective would it be?

transition

If your main point is "Olives have a long history as a staple in the human diet," which would be two appropriate supporting points?

-For centuries, olives have been turned into cooking oil. -Olives have been eaten in Crete since at least 3,000 B.C.E.

For which two reasons are stock phrases less effective in speeches than connectives are?

-Stock phrases make the speech seem uncoordinated and disjointed. -Stock phrases distract listeners.

Which two descriptions are true of signposts?

-They are brief statements that indicate exactly where you are in a speech. -They are frequently just numbers.

Which statements are true concerning the main points of a speech?

-They should be worded precisely. -They are the central features of the speech. -They should be arranged strategically.

Which two descriptions apply to internal previews?

-They work just like a preview statement in a speech introduction but in the body of the speech. -They let the audience know with some detail what the speaker will discuss next.

Which two elements are always stated in a transition?

-the idea the speaker is about to start discussing -the idea the speaker has just finished discussing

Renee is writing a speech about threats to the global elephant population. How would you best combine her two related main points? I. Elephants are endangered animals. II. Habitat loss and the ivory trade threaten the elephant population.

Habitat loss and the ivory trade have caused elephants to become endangered.

Why should a speaker strive to balance the amount of time devoted to main points?

Main points are important and speakers should be sure they all receive enough emphasis.

Jacinta will be giving a speech about the Battle of Bunker Hill. She plans to present her points by starting with a discussion of the events leading up to the battle and end by talking about events that happened immediately after the battle. What method is Jacinta using to organize her speech?

chronological order

The strategic organization of a speech is closely related to:

critical thinking

Transitions, internal previews, internal summaries, and signposts:

help connect one thought to another in a speech

A connective statement in the middle of a speech that explains what you are about to discuss is called an internal:

preview

What does an internal summary do?

reminds listeners of what they just heard

Because main points are the information that you most want your audience to learn, you need to:

select them carefully

In order for an audience to be able to follow the progression of the ideas in your speech from beginning to end, you need to use:

strategic organization

How many main points should classroom speeches contain?

2 to 5

Timothee is planning a speech to persuade his audience that swimming is a healthy form of exercise. If he only wants two main points, which two statements about swimming would best fulfill his specific purpose?

-Swimming improves mental health. -Swimming strengthens the whole body.