Chapter 9
What is the language of the Volga Tatars of the Russian Domain?
Turkish
Why is development in Siberia limited?
Unstable ground resuling from permafrost makes it extremely difficult to place permanent structures on the land surface
What natural feature marks the divide between European Russia and Asian Russia?
Ural Mountains
What is the primary destination for Russian petroleum products?
Western Europe
Since the fall of the Soviet Union, which of the following groups of people would be least likely to emigrate from the Russian Domain?.
older, less educated Russians
Which of the following is an aspect of the current Russian demographic crisis?
overall decline in population
What was the plan from the 1980s, enacted by President Gorbachev, that was an economic restructuring of the Soviet Union to make production more efficient?
perestroika
What has been the pattern of population growth in the Russian Domain since the demise of the USSR?
persistently declining population
Why do the authors of your text use the word "domain" when talking about "the Russian Domain"?
the term suggests persisting Russian influence within the region
Eastward movement of Russians into Siberia
was encouraged by Russian leader, including the Tsars and the authoritarian leaders under the Soviet Union
Urbanization in the Russian region
was often planned in detail during the Soviet period
The conquest of Siberia
was primarily carried out by Cossacks
Which of the following is one of the primary environmental issues in the Russian domain?
water pollution
What type of work do most Arctic residents undertake?
working in the energy and natural resource economy
The region to which the majority of the economic migrants within the Russian Domain migrate possesses a non-Russian population of _____________.
10-24%
When was the Baikal-Amur Mainline (BAM) Railroad completed in the Russian Domain?
1984
When was the Baikal-Amur Mainline Railroad completed in the Russian Domain?
1984
What is the approximate population of the Russian Domain?
200 million
Russia is the world's largest gas exporter and has ________% of the world's natural gas reserves.
26
Approximately what percentage of Russian citizens claim a Russian linguistic identity?
80%
By 2003, approximately what portion of Russian farmland had been privatized?
90%
Putin abruptly canceled the construction of the South Stream Gas Pipeline. He now wants to export the natural gas to
East Asia
Which of the following organized religions dominates in the Russian domain?
Eastern Orthodox Christianity
What happened to the economy in the Russian Domain after the demise of the former Soviet Union (USSR)?
Economy declined and devastated the region in the 1990s
Which of the following countries is NOT a member of the Eurasian Economic Union?
Estonia
What is the primary reason why European Russia has a higher population than Asian Russia?
European Russia is better suited for agriculture.
What was the Russian policy enacted during the 1980s that meant for "greater openness"?
Glasnost
What have many of Russia's internal autonomous areas been requesting?
Greater autonomy
During the Soviet era, which place served as a repository for political dissidents and troublemakers?
Gulag Archipelago
How has the geography of Russian oil and gas exports shifted since the break-up of the Soviet Union?
In the Soviet era, most exports of Russian oil and gas went to Soviet republics. Now, the bulk goes to western Europe.
In the Russian Domain, what non-Christian religion has the greatest number of believers?
Islam
What makes Russia distinctive?
It has the largest land area of any country on Earth
According to the textbook, Russia has unresolved border issues with which of the following countries?
Japan
Which of the following regions is the only piece of territory or exclave that remains outside Russia's contiguous land area?
Kaliningrad
The doctrine of communism was based on the writings of
Karl Marx
Which of the following is TRUE of the Russian mafia?
The Russian mafia has also gone global, implicated in huge money-laundering schemes involving Russian and foreign banks
What is one source of the nuclear threat in the Russian Domain?
The Soviet Union had aggressive nuclear weapons and energy programs
What was the policy of the former Soviet Union (USSR) regarding religion within its borders?
The USSR discouraged all religion and even persecuted religious practice.
What physical feature marks the eastern boundary of the cultural subregion known as "European Russia"?
The Ural Mountains
Eighty percent of Russian citizens claim a Russian linguistic identity. Looking at Figure 9.25, however, you can see that in nearly 50 percent of the Russian landmass, non-Slavic (non-Russian) languages are dominant. What factors explain this apparent discrepancy?
The areas where Russian is not the dominant language are sparsely populated.
Since the collapse of the Soviet Union, what has become of the policy of Russification within former Soviet republics?
The policy of settling Russians into non-Russian portions of the Soviet Union has been reversed - with countries posting strict citizenship requirements
In which Union Republic was Russification most intense?
Kazakhstan
Which country is no longer part of the Russian Domain?
Kazakhstan
Which body of water in the Russian Domain is the world's largest reserve of freshwater?
Lake Baikal
Who was the main architect of the Soviet Union?
Lenin
The Russian Empire had its origins as a small principality in the vicinity of which Russian city?
Moscow
Which of the following is incorrect?
Most emigrants leaving the Russian domain emigrate from the areas near Moscow .
Which of the following is one of the lasting effects in Russia from the Soviet period?
Much of the region's roads, railways, and communication networks originated in the Soviet period.
During the Soviet era, the Soviet Union nuclear weapons program conducted many tests and produced much radioactive waste. Where did Russia dump the waste?
Novaya Zemlya
Which of the following is a major drainage system in Siberia?
Ob, Yenisey, and Lena rivers
Ukraine continues to rely heavily on Russia for_____.
Oil
On which of these landforms is the highest concentration of the Russian population found?
Plains
Agricultural development is limited in much of the Russian domain. Besides climate, what other characteristic of Russia's physical geography best explains this pattern?
Poor Soils
Health care is a major social problem within the Russian domain. Life expectancies are the lowest in which of the following countries?
Russia
Which of the following is TRUE of Russia?
Russia has ongoing territorial disputes with Japan
Which of the following is true about the geopolitical tensions that exist between the Ukraine and Russia?
Russia has provided economic and military support for rebel forces in Eastern Ukraine.
Approximately 80 percent of Russia's populations claim what linguistic identity?
Russian
Which part of the Russian Domain has historically provided the most productive agricultural areas of the region?
Ukraine
What is NOT a reason for the ongoing crisis in Ukraine?
Ukraine gave its nuclear weapons to Western powers
Who was the leader of the Bolsheviks, a faction of Russian communists?
Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov (Lenin)
What was socialist realism of the Soviet era in the Russian Domain?
an art style devoted to the realistic depiction of workers challenging nature or struggling against capitalism
Which of the following is NOT a condition of the "Russian Federation Treaty"?
more stringent environmental regulations and standards
Where has the Russian Domain dumped its nuclear wastes?
off the northern island of Novaya Zemlya, in the Barents Sea
Since the fall of the Soviet Union, which of the following groups of people would be least likely to emigrate from the Russian Domain?
older, less educated Russians
Which of the following is the primary source of pollution damaging Russia's Lake Baikal?
pollution from pulp and paper factories
Which of the following is a characteristic of the demography of Russia today?
relatively high mortality rates among middle-aged males
Which of these is the most likely explanation for why the majority of the population has historically become concentrated in this region?
relatively moderate temperatures and abundant year-round precipitation, which have made it suitable for agricultural production
The highest population densities in the Russian Domain are found in which part of the region?
the southeastern part of the region
Which of the following statements best reflects religion in the post-Soviet era?
there has been a religious revival
What factors explain why 50% people in Russian landmass dominant language is non-Slavic?(Non-Russian)
these areas where Russian is not dominant language are sparsely populated
Which goal best describes the political motive behind the Soviet policy of Russification?
to create in non-Russian regions significant Russian minorities loyal to the Soviet leaders.
What was the purpose of Russification (the Soviet policy of resettling Russians into non-Russian portions of the former USSR)?
to increase Russian dominance in outlying portions of the former USSR
What was the distinctive skill for which Cossacks were well-known?
horsemanship
Which of the following was NOT a former Soviet Republic?
Afghanistan
Which of the following was not a former Soviet Republic?
Afghanistan
What happened to the economy in the Russian Domain after the demise of the former Soviet Union (USSR)?
After a decade of political and economic instability, Russia has made impressive progess in the 21st century
The Russian domain provides the world's largest example of a high-latitude continental climate. Which of the following does this help to explain?
All of the above choices are correct: The growing seasons are short, limiting agricultural output. There are seasonal temperature extremes. Human settlements and ports are limited due to the climate.
The Russian domain includes which of the following countries?
Armenia
Which of the following countries is NOT considered to be within the Russian Domain?
Azerbaijan
Which of the following is true regarding Russia's post-Soviet economy?
Barter transactions and informal cash deals form a huge portion of the economy.
Which of the following countries is ruled by President Alyaksandr Lukashenk, who is often referred to as "Europe's last dictator"?
Belarus
In what Russian region has Islamic fundamentalism increased its presence?
Caucus region
Where were most of Russia's major territorial gains in the nineteenth century?
Central Asia
One of Putin's early political moves was to crack down on dissidents in the Russian republic of
Chechnya
One of Putin's early political moves was to crack down on dissidents in the Russian republic of____________
Chechnya
Between 5 and 7 million immigrants, both legal and undocumented, have moved into Russia's Far East from which of the following countries?
China
Where are most immigrants in Russia's Far East from?
China
Which of the following countries from outside the Russian domain is currently lobbying for more Russian pipeline projects?
China
How do urban centers change as you get closer to Moscow?
Cities get bigger, urban sprawl is greater, architecture becomes less dominated by Soviet-Style construction
Imagine you are traveling west between Lake Baikal and Moscow on the recently completed Baikal-Amur Mainline railroad. How would the characteristics of urban centers change as you got closer to Moscow?
Cities would get bigger, urban sprawl would be greater, and architecture would become less dominated by Soviet-style construction.
During the Soviet era, what was the voluntary and involuntary resettlement of Russians into non-Russian areas known as?
Russification
Since the collapse of the Soviet Union, what has become of the policy of Russification within the former Soviet republics?
Russification has been reversed, where greater numbers of Russians are encourages to leave these regions
In what region of the Russian Domain was the Soviet Union's Gulag Achipelago located?
Siberia
Which geographic area of the Russian Domain dominates the region?
Slavic Russia
Who were the Cossacks of the Russian Domain?
Slavic-speaking, semi-nomadic Christians
What language group dominates in the Russian Domain?
Slavice
How has geography of Russian oil and gas exports shifted since the break-up of the Soviet Union?
Soviet era, most exports of Russian oil and gas went to Soviet republics. Now, bulk goes to western Europe.
Which of the following statements accurately describes how Soviet leaders dealt with issues regarding self-government and ethnic and religious differences in the Russian hinterlands?
Soviet leaders acknowledged the rights of non-Russian citizens to self-government but believed that cultural differences between non-Russians and Russians would ultimately fade away with the inevitable rise of a communist society.
What Russian city was known as Leningrad during the Soviet Era?
St. Petersburg
What Russian city was known as Leningrad during the Soviet era?
St. Petersburg
What has become of democracy in Russia in the post-Soviet era?
There was a general flowering of democracy followed by a reduction of civil liberties since 2002
Chernobyl is the site of the world's worst-ever nuclear accident.
True
Which city is NOT in the European Russian domain?
Vladivostok
The architecture of St. Petersburg, Russia, is similar to that of which other part of the world?
Western Europe
What animal is considered such a threat to domestic livestock that it prompted the governor of Siberian Yakutia to declare a state of emergency in 2013?
Wolves
Who were the Bolsheviks?
a faction of Russian communism representing interests of industrial workers, who established the former Soviet Union
What does the term "Russification" mean?
a policy of resettling Russians into non-Russian portions of the Soviet Union
Glasnost...
called for greater openness and political participation
What is the shape of the land-use zones in the Russian Domain?
circular
What is the dominant climate type in the Russian Domain?
continental
Most of Russia is dominated by which type of climate?
continental midlatitude
What is NOT an environmental issue in the Russian Domain?
dessertification
Which statement describes how Soviet leaders dealt with issues regarding self-government ad ethnic and religious differences in Russian hinterlands?
differences between non-Russians and Russians would ultimately fade away with the inevitable rise of a communists society
The Trans-Siberian Railroad
ends at the port city of Vladiovostok
Which of the following sectors of Russia's economy faces challenges due to falling prices and economic sanctions?
energy
What pull factors draw Chinese immigrants to the Russian Far East?
higher wages and better business opportunities
Which of the following measures did Soviet leaders adopt to restrict people's mobility?
impose an internal passport system to prevent people from moving freely between cities
Most average Russians living in the city live in what kind of housing?
in a high rise apartment
Why is the Russian government constructing a concrete and steel arch around the destroyed nuclear reactor in Chernobyl?
in hope of controlling the further spread of radioactive dust
Why is the city of Chernobyl well-known?
it is the site of the world's worst-ever nuclear accident
What are mikrorayons?
large housing projects built in the 1970s and 1980s in Russia
Which of the following is NOT an effect Russia might see from climate change?
making Southern Russia more agriculturally productive by thawing its frozen ice
During the Soviet era, a number of planned residential zones were built in newly urban areas in an effort to form self-contained communities. What were these large massed blocks of standardized apartment buildings called?
mikrorayons
What is perestroika?
restructuring of the planned centralized economy, an early move toward a freer market
In Siberia, Soviet central planners tended to situate industrial complexes at sites where two natural and human-made features intersected. Which ones? Choose the correct pair of one natural and one human-made landscape feature.
rivers and the Trans-Siberian Railroad
What are the primary characteristics of a high-latitude continental climate, as illustrated by the Russian Domain?
seasonal temperature extremes and short growing season
Who were the original founders of Russia?
southward moving warriors from Sweden
The highest concentration of population is found in which of these climate types?
subarctic, very cold winters
Which of the following is NOT an agricultural product that thrives in the podzol soil region of the Russian Domain?
sugarcane
The Caucasus Mountains are located between which two bodies of water?
the Black and Caspian Seas
Russia has worked to maintain economic ties to former Soviet republics by creating a counterbalance to the European Union called
the Eurasian Economic Union (EEU)
What was the term that Winston Churchill gave to the boundary between Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union?
the Iron Curtain
In which region of the Russian Domain would you find reindeer, Siberian tigers, and leopards?
the Russian Far East
What is one of the sources of the nuclear threat in the Russian Domain?
the Soviet Union had aggressive nuclear weapons and energy programs
Which two countries were the primary rivals in the Cold War?
the United States and the Soviet Union
Along which of the following water features are many of western Russia's urban centers located?
the Volga River
What is the one element that helps us to understand geographies of climate, vegetation, and agriculture in the Russian Domain?
the northern latitudinal position of the Russian Domain