Chapter 9 Alcohol and Tobacco

Nonalcohol forms of drug abuse account for more serious social and psychological problems than alcohol use. True false question. True False

False-alcohol use causes more serious social and psychological problems than all other forms of drug abuse combined.

E-cigarettes do not produce any carcinogens. True false question. True False

False: E-cigs do produce carcinogens and other chemicals.

If a smoker has chronic bronchitis, their risk of lung cancer is greatly decreased if they smoke fewer cigarettes or if they are older smokers. True false question. True False

False: If smokers have chronic bronchitis, they face a greater risk of lung cancer, no matter how old they are or how many cigarettes they smoke.

The brown, sticky mass that is created when the chemical particles in tobacco smoke condense is called _____. Multiple choice question. lighter fluid cigarette tar grease acetone

tar

Lung cancer, the cause of which is directly tied to smoking cigarettes, has overtaken cancer as the leading cause of cancer deaths in women.

breast

Based on prices in early 2018, the average smoker would spend as much as ______ on cigarettes over the course of a year. Multiple choice question. $2,200 $900 $1,400 $3,600

$3,600

According to the CDC National Health Interview Survey in 2018, what percentage of Americans over age 18 were cigarette smokers? Multiple choice question. 4% 14% 24% 34%

14%

How many U.S. states had passed comprehensive smoke-free air laws as of 2019? Multiple choice question. 38 28 18 8

28

To meet the DSM-5 definition of moderate alcohol use disorder, a person would need to meet how many of the 11 criteria? Multiple choice question. 2--3 4--5 6--7 8--9

4-5

If an alcoholic beverage is 80 proof, what is its alcohol by volume? Multiple choice question. 20% 40% 60% 80%

40%

Binge drinking accounts for ______ of all the alcohol consumed by all adults in the United States. Multiple choice question. about 12% almost 90% about 25% more than 50%

50%

Studies show the smokers of "light" cigarettes inhale up to ______ times as much tar and nicotine as printed on the cigarette label. Multiple choice question. 4 2 20 8

8

As of 2019, more than ______ of Americans live in cities and towns that ban or restrict smoking in public places, such as restaurants and bars. Multiple choice question. 35% 82% 100% 71%

82%

Approximately what percentage of smokers to attempt to quit will start again within a year? Multiple choice question. more than 90% more than 80% more than 70% more than 60%

90%

Nicotine is a powerful and addictive ______ drug found in tobacco. Multiple choice question. immunosuppressive hallucinatory antiemetic psychoactive

psychoactive

In which of the following ways does the body absorb alcohol? Multiple select question. About 20% is absorbed in the stomach The more food in the stomach, the faster the alcohol absorption process. About 75% is absorbed into the liver. Most of the ingested alcohol is absorbed into the small intestine.

About 20% is absorbed in the stomach Most of the ingested alcohol is absorbed into the small intestine.

Which of the following statements regarding African Americans and alcohol consumption are true? Multiple choice question. African Americans are less likely than members of other ethnic groups to be victims of alcohol-related homicides. As a group, African Americans use more alcohol than most other groups. African Americans experience disproportionately high levels of alcohol-related birth defects. African American women are more likely to abuse alcohol than white women.

African Americans experience disproportionately high levels of alcohol-related birth defects.

Which of the following statements about alcohol poisoning is true? Multiple choice question. Alcohol poisoning can cause death. Alcohol poisoning is extremely rare. After a person blacks out from drinking, there is no longer a danger of alcohol poisoning. There is no such thing as alcohol poisoning.

Alcohol poisoning can cause death.

Select all that apply Volunteering at which of the following organizations can help advance anti-tobacco efforts? Multiple select question. American Cancer Association Citizens for Tobacco Rights American Lung Association American Heart Association

American Cancer Association American Lung Association American Heart Association

*Select all that apply Which of the following statements about alcohol consumption among Asian Americans is accurate? Multiple select question. Asian American men consume much more alcohol than do Asian American women. Asian Americans, both male and female, consume more alcohol than African Americans or white Americans. Alcohol consumption is relatively rare among Asian Americans because of strong cultural taboos against it. There are concerns about how alcohol interacts with hepatitis B virus, an infection that is particularly prevalent in the Asian American community.

Asian American men consume much more alcohol than do Asian American women. There are concerns about how alcohol interacts with hepatitis B virus, an infection that is particularly prevalent in the Asian American community.

____ consists of several diseases, including emphysema and chronic bronchitis. It is the fourth leading cause of death in the United States. Multiple choice question. Coronary heart disease COPD Pulmonary artery disease Coronary artery disease

COPD

Select all that apply What are recommended ways of helping friends who have a problem with alcohol? Multiple select question. Wait to approach them until they are ready. Do not enable their drinking. Provide them with treatment information. Avoid calling their family about the problem. Be direct and honest.

Do not enable their drinking. Provide them with treatment information. Be direct and honest.

The development of nicotine dependence is only marginally influenced by genetic factors; social factors are far more influential. True false question. True False

False: Inherited factors may be more important than social and environmental factors in smoking initiation and in the development of nicotine dependence.

Smoking tobacco using a hookah, which cools the smoke before it enters the lungs, is safer than smoking cigarettes. True false question. True False

False: Recall that hookah smoking carries the same risks as cigarette use.

Drinking patterns among Latinos are incredibly consistent no matter the specific cultural background or level of education. True false question. True False

False: these factors result in significantly different drinking patterns. Cultural background and level of education are crucial.

_____ is a disorder of the right side of the heart caused by changes in the blood vessels of the lungs. It is linked to cigarette smoking. Multiple choice question. A stroke Pulmonary heart disease An aortic aneurysm Congestive heart failure

Pulmonary heart disease

Select all that apply Which of the following statements about alcohol use among Latinos is accurate? Multiple select question. Some Hispanics may do better if treatment efforts avoid organization around spiritual principles and are more clinical. Hispanic women are more likely to abstain from alcohol than white or Black women. Drunk driving and cirrhosis are the most common causes of alcohol-related death and injury among Hispanic men. Drinking patterns among Latinos are surprisingly similar even when comparing specific cultural backgrounds.

Hispanic women are more likely to abstain from alcohol than white or Black women. Drunk driving and cirrhosis are the most common causes of alcohol-related death and injury among Hispanic men.

*Select all that apply Nicotine impacts the human body in which of the following ways? Multiple select question. It works by blocking dopamine release from the brain. It can increase alertness in adults. It has a strong influence on mood. It is a stimulant in low doses.

It can increase alertness in adults. It has a strong influence on mood. It is a stimulant in low doses.

Select all that apply The immediate effects nicotine has on the body include which of the following? Multiple select question. It inhibits urine formation. It lowers blood pressure. It stimulates the cerebral cortex. It leads to the discharge of adrenaline.

It inhibits urine formation. It stimulates the cerebral cortex. It leads to the discharge of adrenaline.

Which of the following statements are correct about alcohol use related to injuries and violence? Multiple select question. It is involved in the majority of attempted suicides. It is linked to fewer than 50,000 deaths annually in the United States. It more than triples the risk of fatal injuries during leisure activities. It is associated with one-quarter of the world's airline disasters.

It is involved in the majority of attempted suicides. It more than triples the risk of fatal injuries during leisure activities.

What usually occurs when an alcoholic begins drinking in a controlled manner after abstaining from drinking alcohol for days or months? Multiple choice question. It will almost always lead to an escalation in drinking. It will remove the risk of any alcohol-related health issues. It will usually build the self-control to completely avoid heavy drinking. It will gradually diminish the desire to drink alcohol.

It will almost always lead to an escalation in drinking.

Select all that apply Which of the following are appropriate resources to help a student at college deal with an alcohol problem? Multiple select question. Local chapter of AA Fraternity or sorority that socializes by drinking Student health center Student counseling center

Local chapter of AA Student health center Student counseling center

Which of the following statements comparing alcohol use among men and women is true? Multiple choice question. Women account for most of the alcohol-related deaths and injuries in the United States. Men are more likely than women to drink alcohol. Men are less likely than women to develop an alcohol use disorder. Men are less likely than women to misuse alcohol.

Men are more likely than women to drink alcohol.

Select all that apply In which of the following ways do Genetics play a role in nicotine dependence? Multiple select question. Specific genes may affect how nicotine is metabolized in the body. Inherited factors may be more important than social factors in the development of nicotine dependence. Inherited factors are insignificant when compared to social and environmental factors in smoking initiation. Inherited factors are less important than environmental factors in the development of nicotine dependence.

Specific genes may affect how nicotine is metabolized in the body. Inherited factors may be more important than social factors in the development of nicotine dependence.

Select all that apply Which of the following are characteristics of a hookah? Multiple select question. Tobacco smoke is inhaled through the nose. The hookah heats tobacco smoke with boiling water. The hookah is typically used for smoking flavored tobacco. Tobacco smoke passes through a hose.

The hookah is typically used for smoking flavored tobacco. Tobacco smoke passes through a hose.

Which of the following usually occurs as a person's BAC reaches 0.2%? Multiple choice question. The person falls into a coma. The person becomes unable to function physically or psychologically. The person becomes irritable. The person's sense of taste becomes less acute.

The person becomes unable to function physically or psychologically.

Select all that apply When considering tobacco use, young people commonly believe which of the following? Multiple select question. They can stop using tobacco at any time. They are too healthy to be susceptible to tobacco's dangers. They lack the maturity needed to smoke. They are invincible.

They can stop using tobacco at any time. They are too healthy to be susceptible to tobacco's dangers. They are invincible.

Select all that apply Electronic cigarettes, or e-cigs, have which of the following features? Multiple select question. They create an inhalable vapor. They contain no tobacco. They are flavorless. They are battery powered.

They create an inhalable vapor. They contain no tobacco. They are battery powered.

Select all that apply Which of the following potential reproductive problems are associated with women who smoke? Multiple select question. They experience prolonged or late menopause. They have an increased risk of cervical cancer. They have reduced menstrual bleeding. They have trouble getting pregnant. They have more painful menstrual cramps.

They have an increased risk of cervical cancer. They have trouble getting pregnant. They have more painful menstrual cramps.

Young people with which of the following characteristics are more likely to use tobacco? Multiple choice question. They come from a white-collar family. They are doing well in school. They have peers who smoke. They come from a high-income home.

They have peers who smoke.

Select all that apply While some cigarettes are touted as "healthier" because they contain less tar or nicotine than regular cigarettes, any potential benefits are usually negated because smokers of such "healthier" cigarettes engage in which of the following behaviors? Multiple select question. They inhale more deeply and take more puffs from light cigarettes. They compensate by smoking a greater number of cigarettes. They don't smoke the cigarettes down to short butts. They inhale up to 8 times more nicotine than is printed on label.

They inhale more deeply and take more puffs from light cigarettes. They compensate by smoking a greater number of cigarettes. They inhale up to 8 times more nicotine than is printed on label.

Which of the following are true of cirrhosis? Multiple select question. Those with cirrhosis who continue to drink alcohol have a 50% chance of surviving five or more years. It is reversible with regular exercise. It is associated more with occasional social drinkers than with heavy drinkers. The treatment requires the person to stop drinking alcohol.

Those with cirrhosis who continue to drink alcohol have a 50% chance of surviving five or more years. The treatment requires the person to stop drinking alcohol.

*Select all that apply Identify the withdrawal symptoms observed in heavy users of alcohol. Multiple select question. Reduced breathing rate Trembling hands Increased blood sugar levels Insomnia

Trembling hands Insomnia

Select all that apply Identify the withdrawal symptoms observed in heavy users of alcohol. Multiple select question. Trembling hands Insomnia Increased blood sugar levels Reduced breathing rate

Trembling hands Insomnia

*Ethnic agencies, health care professionals, and ministers seem to be the most effective sources of alcohol treatment for Asian Americans. True false question. True False

True

Despite earlier suggestions that moderate alcohol use could provide some benefit, especially to older adults, researchers now refute this. True false question. True False

True

_________ is the prescription name for the smoking cessation drug buproprion.

Zyban

Thirdhand smoke is so persistent that nicotine can be measured in the bodies of nonsmokers who moved into homes that had been smoked in, cleaned, and left empty for several months. True false question. True False

True: remains for months after the smoke has cessed

*Select all that apply Which of the following comparisons regarding African American alcohol use are accurate? Multiple select question. Urban Black males have a higher rate of alcoholism-related suicide than urban white males. AA groups that are predominantly African Americans are not as effective as those of other racial and ethnic groups. African American women are more likely to abstain from alcohol use than white women. African Americans use less alcohol than the average for American adults.

Urban Black males have a higher rate of alcoholism-related suicide than urban white males. African American women are more likely to abstain from alcohol use than white women. African Americans use less alcohol than the average for American adults.

Select all that apply Which of the following are strategies you can adopt to create a more smoke-free environment in your community? Multiple select question. Ignore tobacco ads in magazines to which you subscribe. Avoid smokers who do not follow anti-smoking regulations. Vote for candidates who support anti-smoking regulations. Ask local businesses to adopt nonsmoking policies.

Vote for candidates who support anti-smoking regulations. Ask local businesses to adopt nonsmoking policies.

Select all that apply Which of the following statements regarding women and alcoholism are true? Multiple select question. Controlled drinkers can never become alcoholics. It takes more years of heavy drinking for women to become alcoholics than men. Women alcoholics have higher death rates than male alcoholics. Women tend to become alcoholic at later ages.

Women alcoholics have higher death rates than male alcoholics. Women tend to become alcoholic at later ages.

Alcohol metabolism in women differs from that of men in which of the following ways? Multiple select question. Women have a higher average body temperature. Women have four times less active stomach enzymes. Women have a longer life expectancy. Women have menstrual hormone fluctuations.

Women have four times less active stomach enzymes. Women have menstrual hormone fluctuations.

Select all that apply Health issues faced by women who smoke include which of the following? Multiple select question. Women who smoke and use oral contraceptives are more likely to suffer blood clots. Women smokers are at a higher risk for diabetes. Women smokers are at greater risk of lung cancer than men. Women who smoke have a higher risk for osteoporosis.

Women who smoke and use oral contraceptives are more likely to suffer blood clots. Women smokers are at greater risk of lung cancer than men. Women who smoke have a higher risk for osteoporosis.

Of the following, who would statistically be least likely to smoke cigarettes? Multiple choice question. a heterosexual person who lives in the Northeast and is a college graduate a homosexual person who lives in the South and never graduated from high school a transgender person who lives in the Midwest and has a two-year college degree

a heterosexual person who lives in the Northeast and is a college graduate

Newer studies indicate that moderate drinking is associated with which of the following health effects? Multiple choice question. a small reduction of heart function in elderly women moderate protection against cardiovascular disease to persons in their twenties or thirties strong protection against cardiovascular disease in men over 55 years of age improvement in cardiac structure and function in the elderly

a small reduction of heart function in elderly women

Those who consume more than two drinks per day are at greater risk of liver damage when taking which of the following OTC medications? Multiple select question. acetaminophen ibuprofen ascorbic acid aspirin

acetaminophen ibuprofen aspirin

Select all that apply Tobacco smoke contains hundreds of harmful chemical substances, including which of the following? Multiple select question. mercury, a metallic chemical element used in thermometers rubbing alcohol acetone, found in nail polish remover toluene, an industrial solvent hexamine, a lighter fluid

acetone, found in nail polish remover toluene, an industrial solvent hexamine, a lighter fluid

According to the DSM-5, misuse of alcohol that leads to clinically significant impairment is called ______. Multiple choice question. alcohol use disorder alcohol abuse alcoholism

alcohol use disorder

Which of the following refers to cognitive and behavioral problems seen in children who appear physically normal but whose mothers drank alcohol during pregnancy? Multiple choice question. alcohol dependence fetal alcohol spectrum disorder alcohol-related neurodevelopmental disorder attention deficit disorder

alcohol-related neurodevelopmental disorder

Severe alcohol use disorder that involves physical tolerance to alcohol and withdrawal symptoms is also called ______. Multiple choice question. alcoholism alcohol abuse alcohol misuse binge drinking

alcoholism

Select all that apply Quitting tobacco results in which of the following immediate health benefits, regardless of age or gender? Multiple select question. an improved sense of taste a decrease in blood pressure a sharper sense of smell a regeneration of cilia

an improved sense of taste a decrease in blood pressure a sharper sense of smell

Select all that apply Which of the following are common consequences of binge drinking among college students? Multiple select question. getting hurt or injured less frequently an increased likelihood of drunk driving falling behind in school work increased frequency of unprotected sex improved grades

an increased likelihood of drunk driving falling behind in school work increased frequency of unprotected sex

Select all that apply In addition to CHD, smoking has been linked to which of the following cardiovascular diseases? Multiple select question. COPD emphysema aortic aneurysm stroke pulmonary heart disease

aortic aneurysm stroke pulmonary heart disease

Methanol and isopropyl alcohol are types of alcohol that ______. Multiple select question. are highly toxic can cause death a major cause of deafness lead to long-term alcohol dependence

are highly toxic can cause death

Select all that apply The FDA has the legal authority to ______. Multiple select question. ban tobacco products from sports and entertainment events require stores to display tobacco products behind the counter increase penalties for selling tobacco products to minors fine parents who smoke while their children are in the room

ban tobacco products from sports and entertainment events require stores to display tobacco products behind the counter increase penalties for selling tobacco products to minors

Since the 1980s, more and more local governments have placed smoking ______, in restaurants, workplaces, parks, and other public spaces.

bans

Which of the following drugs, when combined with alcohol, can lead to increased depression of the central nervous system, increasing the risk of death? Multiple select question. barbiturates ibuprofen aspirin codeine Benadryl

barbiturates codeine Benadryl

After a person drinks to the point of losing consciousness, ______. Multiple choice question. the addiction to alcohols will be so strong that there is little hope of recovery blood alcohol content (BAC) can continue to rise while the person is passed out even one drink the next day will cause the person to black out again there is no more danger of death from alcohol poisoning, because the drinking has stopped

blood alcohol content (BAC) can continue to rise while the person is passed out

*The fact that women often experience adverse physical effects of chronic drinking sooner and become intoxicated at lower doses of alcohol than men is explained by differences in ______. Multiple choice question. genetics cognitive ability body chemistry social conditioning

body chemistry

In addition to the amount of alcohol consumed, which of the following play a role in affecting BAC? Multiple select question. body fat percentage ambient temperature body weight time of the day a person's sex

body fat percentage body weight a person's sex

Select all that apply Symptoms of emphysema include which of the following? Multiple select question. breathlessness increased appetite decreased heart size a feeling of drowning

breathlessness a feeling of drowning

Recurrent, persistent inflammation of the bronchial tubes is called chronic ________.

bronchitis

*Methanol and isopropyl alcohol are types of alcohol that ______. Multiple select question. can cause death lead to long-term alcohol dependence a major cause of deafness are highly toxic

can cause death are highly toxic

*Smoking indoors can fill rooms with levels of ______ that exceed those permitted by Federal Air Quality Standards for air outdoors. Multiple choice question. carbon monoxide formaldehyde carbon dioxide hydrogen

carbon monoxide

What is the name of the condition in which the air sacs in the walls of the lungs lose their elasticity and are eventually destroyed? Multiple choice question. chronic bronchitis COPD lung cancer emphysema

emphysema

Which of the following increases the rate at which the body absorbs alcohol? Multiple select question. carbonation in a beverage beverages with artificial sweeteners highly concentrated alcoholic beverages having food in the stomach

carbonation in a beverage beverages with artificial sweeteners

Chronic heavy alcohol use can lead to which of the following? Multiple select question. changes in brain structure brain-cell regeneration loss of brain function faster interneuron signaling

changes in brain structure loss of brain function

Select all that apply Types of smokeless tobacco used inside the mouth include ______. Multiple select question. chewing tobacco pinch snuff snus

chewing tobacco snuff snus

For most Americans, the primary source of COPD is _____, but in poorer countries it often develops from exposure to _____. Multiple choice question. fumes from burning fuels; cigarette smoking cigarette smoking; fumes from burning fuels smog and air pollution; cigarette smoking cigarette smoking; smog and air pollution

cigarette smoking; fumes from burning fuels

Select all that apply Which of the following are symptoms of mild nicotine poisoning that new smokers often experience? Multiple select question. clammy skin nausea slowed pulse dizziness

clammy skin nausea dizziness

Substances that do not cause cancer themselves but become carcinogenic when combined with chemicals are known as _____. Multiple choice question. partner compounds poisons carbon emissions cocarcinogens

cocarcinogens

Often an alcoholic is allowed to continue drinking because a spouse, other family members, and friends deny that there is a problem or provide cover for the alcoholic's behavior. People who enable an alcoholic in this way are exhibiting ______ behavior. Multiple choice question. neurotic codependent dismissive narcissistic

codependent

The greatest single cause of death among cigarette smokers is ______. Multiple choice question. transient ischemic attack coronary heart disease chronic obstructive pulmonary disease peripheral artery disease

coronary heart disease

Symptoms experienced by nonsmokers who are regularly exposed to ETS include ______. Multiple select question. hyperactivity coughing eye irritation headaches

coughing eye irritation headaches

Researchers have determined that anti-smoking laws in public places are changing the ______ of smoking. Multiple choice question. disadvantages benefits culture advertisements

culture

Select all that apply Smokers have a higher-than-average probability of suffering ______. Multiple select question. death caused by stomach ulcers delayed menopause heartburn pregnancy complications

death caused by stomach ulcers heartburn pregnancy complications

Suspected causes of an alcohol hangover include a combination of which of the following? Multiple select question. dehydration hormonal effects overeating toxic substances

dehydration hormonal effects toxic substances

A medical emergency that involves an alcohol-dependent person suffering from confusion, disorientation, seizures, and hallucinations brought on by the reduction of alcohol intake is called ______. Multiple choice question. tolerance dependence delirium tremens alcohol addiction

delirium tremens

Select all that apply In 2009 Congress passed a law that empowered the FDA to do which of the following? Multiple select question. dictate the amount of nicotine in tobacco products ban nicotine from tobacco products eliminate or control levels of additives used in tobacco products place limits on tobacco advertising

dictate the amount of nicotine in tobacco products eliminate or control levels of additives used in tobacco products place limits on tobacco advertising

Which of the following can be effects of alcohol abuse on home life? Multiple select question. increased communication domestic violence child abuse increased social obligations marital discord

domestic violence child abuse marital discord

Select all that apply Which of the following are signs that someone may have a serious problem with alcohol? Multiple select question. drinking alone feeling uncomfortable in situations where alcohol is not served drinking secretively using alcohol to self-medicate and dull negative feelings a drinking pattern in which the amount of alcohol consumed gradually decreases

drinking alone feeling uncomfortable in situations where alcohol is not served drinking secretively using alcohol to self-medicate and dull negative feelings

*Select all that apply Which of the following are examples of activities that many smokers habitually associate with tobacco use? (Choose every correct answer.) Multiple select question. drinking coffee running drinking alcohol studying

drinking coffee drinking alcohol studying

Select all that apply Women who smoke put themselves at greater risk of which of the following? Multiple select question. breach birth ectopic pregnancy premature delivery miscarriage

ectopic pregnancy premature delivery miscarriage

Select all that apply Lasting effects on children born to women who smoke during pregnancy include ______. Multiple select question. emotional instability obesity premature sexual maturation hyperactivity

emotional instability obesity hyperactivity

Select all that apply A variety of treatment options are available for alcoholism among the most prevalent are ______. Multiple select question. enrolling in an alcohol recovery program pharmacological treatments removing a person from alcohol and any other medications inpatient hospital rehabilitation

enrolling in an alcohol recovery program pharmacological treatments inpatient hospital rehabilitation

The smoke that enters the atmosphere from the burning of tobacco and from exhalation is called ______. Multiple choice question. environmental tobacco smoke mainstream smoke sidestream smoke cancer-causing smoke

environmental tobacco smoke

*Chronic alcohol consumption may increase the risk of which of the following types of cancer? (Select all that apply.) Multiple select question. esophagus lymphatic liver lung oral

esophagus liver oral

The intoxicating ingredient in fermented or distilled beverages is known as ______. Multiple choice question. ethyl alcohol beer hops chemicals

ethyl alcohol

Bupropion is primarily a smoking cessation drug, but it can also be used to treat very specific phobias. True false question. True Reason: Bupropion is an antidepressant (prescribed under the name Wellbutrin) as well as a smoking cessation aid (prescribed under the name Zyban). False

false

An alcohol hangover is characterized by which of the following symptoms? Multiple select question. congestion fatigue headache nausea diarrhea

fatigue headache nausea diarrhea

*Select all that apply For many tobacco users, going more than 40 minutes without a dose of nicotine leads to ______. Multiple select question. feelings of edginess increased appetite irritability concentration difficulties

feelings of edginess irritability concentration difficulties

During the winemaking process, sugars from fruit react with yeast to create ethanol. This process is called _____. Multiple choice question. fortification fermentation metabolism distillation

fermentation

A characteristic group of birth defects caused by excessive alcohol consumption by the mother is called alcohol syndrome.

fetal

*Research indicates that ______ account for as much as 50% to 60% of a person's risk of developing alcoholism. Multiple choice question. genetic factors environmental factors psychological factors social factors

genetic factors

Nearly one-quarter of regular spit tobacco users suffer from a condition characterized by inflammation and recession of the gums known as ______. Multiple choice question. leukoplakia sinusitis gingivitis enamel loss

gingivitis

Select all that apply More people use nicotine replacement products to help them quit smoking than any other method. These products are available in which of the following forms? Multiple select question. injections gum inhalers lozenges patches

gum inhalers lozenges patches

When a person uses smokeless tobacco, nicotine is absorbed through the ______. Multiple choice question. skin gums and lining of the mouth throat and lungs nose, particularly the sinuses

gums and lining of the mouth

Select all that apply Nonsmokers exposed to ETS have a higher risk of which of the following? Multiple select question. heart disease liver cirrhosis asthma symptoms lung cancer

heart disease asthma symptoms lung cancer

Select all that apply Compared to nonsmokers, cigar smokers have increased risks of which of the following health problems? Multiple select question. heart disease cancer of the larynx increased dilation of blood vessels pancreatic cancer

heart disease cancer of the larynx pancreatic cancer

For some people, moderate doses of alcohol may lessen the risk of ______, while higher doses often increase this risk. Multiple choice question. diabetes gout heart disease and heart attack decreased blood pressure

heart disease and heart attack

Acute alcoholic pancreatitis generally occurs ______, whereas cirrhosis generally occurs ______. Multiple choice question. in binge drinkers; after years of heavy alcohol use after years of heavy alcohol use; in binge drinkers with heavy drinking of wine; with heavy drinking of beer with jaundice as a symptom; with vomiting and severe pain as symptoms

in binge drinkers; after years of heavy alcohol use

Because most cigar and pipe smokers do not ______, as a group they have a lower risk of cancer than cigarette smokers. Multiple choice question. inhale the smoke develop much of a craving for nicotine absorb nicotine through the gums and lining of the mouth smoke more than once a day

inhale the smoke

In a social setting, what does alcohol at low levels of BAC typical do? Multiple choice question. induces personal insecurities triggers paranoia leads to greater sociability acts as a depressant

leads to greater sociability

What is the name of the condition in which white or red patches appear in the mouth? Multiple choice question. periodontal disease sinusitis leukoplakia tooth decay

leukoplakia

Low concentrations of alcohol, in the range of 0.03% to 0.05% BAC, have which effects on the body? Multiple select question. lightheadedness slurred speech release of inhibitions relaxation

lightheadedness release of inhibitions relaxation

A prolonged period of drinking alcohol may result in damage to the ______ whereby formerly healthy cells are replaced with scar tissue. This condition is known as cirrhosis. Multiple choice question. liver spleen kidney pancreas

liver

*Imaging studies of alcoholics have shown alcohol abuse can lead to which of the following? Multiple select question. loss of both white and gray brain matter slowed metabolic rate brain shrinkage increased blood flow

loss of both white and gray brain matter slowed metabolic rate brain shrinkage

Which of the following are typical legal penalties faced by those who drink and drive? Multiple select question. loss of license confiscation of vehicle termination of employment jail time

loss of license confiscation of vehicle jail time

Nearly half of all alcoholics in the United States suffer cognitive impairments that include which of the following? Multiple select question. memory loss dementia encephalitis impaired problem solving

memory loss dementia impaired problem solving

People who decide to take up smoking typically ______ the health risks and other consequences associated with tobacco use. Multiple choice question. minimize research confront detail

minimize

While a standard drink contains six-tenths of an ounce of alcohol, a typical serving of most alcoholic beverages is larger than this and therefore contains a greater amount of alcohol. This is particularly true of ______ drinks which may include multiple kinds of hard liquor. Multiple choice question. mixed watered-down stacked tapped

mixed

Alcohol use contributes to more than 40% of which of the following crimes? Multiple select question. murders robberies rapes assaults

murders rapes assaults

A prolonged and elevated intake of alcohol can lead to the weakening of the heart muscle, a condition known as cardiac ______. Multiple choice question. myopathy failure attrition arrest

myopathy

The FDA is working on a regulation that would decrease the level of ______ in tobacco products. Multiple choice question. tobacco nicotine tar carbon monoxide

nicotine

Select all that apply A trained counselor, accessed via a telephone quitline, can help a caller with a personal quitting strategy that usually includes ______. Multiple select question. nicotine replacement therapy emotional support aversion therapy changes in daily habits

nicotine replacement therapy emotional support changes in daily habits

Select all that apply Compared to nonsmokers, cigar smokers have increased risks of which of the following health problems? Multiple select question. pancreatic cancer heart disease cancer of the larynx increased dilation of blood vessels

pancreatic cancer heart disease cancer of the larynx

Although cirrhosis takes years of heavy drinking to develop, acute alcoholic ______ can occur after only one or two severe binge-drinking episodes. Multiple choice question. prostatitis pneumonia psoriasis pancreatitis

pancreatitis

Select all that apply Alcoholics are much more likely than nonalcoholics to suffer from which of the following mental disorders? Multiple select question. panic disorder anorexia depression schizophrenia dementia

panic disorder depression schizophrenia

Select all that apply Smokers are more likely to develop which of the following health issues? Multiple select question. peptic ulcers increased sensitivity to smells erectile dysfunction reduced fertility

peptic ulcers erectile dysfunction reduced fertility

Smoking accelerates the development of atherosclerosis, the formation of ______ on the inner walls of the arteries. Multiple choice question. calcium fat cholesterol plaques

plaques

A beverage's _____ value is two times the percentage of concentrated alcohol present in the drink.

proof

Select all that apply In addition to CHD, smoking has been linked to which of the following cardiovascular diseases? Multiple select question. pulmonary heart disease aortic aneurysm emphysema stroke COPD

pulmonary heart disease aortic aneurysm stroke

Select all that apply People who misuse alcohol commonly tell themselves they don't have a problem with alcohol or that they need to drink for social reasons. These psychological coping mechanisms are called ______ and ______. Multiple select question. rationalization neurosis obsessive-compulsive disorder denial

rationalization denial

Select all that apply A recent smoking cessation drug called Chantix helps people quit by ______. Multiple select question. hastening the withdrawal process providing nicotine replacement reducing nicotine cravings blocking the pleasant effects of nicotine

reducing nicotine cravings blocking the pleasant effects of nicotine

Among the effects alcohol has on the body are ______. Multiple select question. reducing the quality of sleep increasing hyperactivity lowering internal body temperature reducing erection response in men

reducing the quality of sleep lowering internal body temperature reducing erection response in men

Select all that apply Common patterns of excessive alcohol misuse include which of the following? Multiple select question. regular heavy drinking on the weekends only drinking alcohol only with evening meals regular daily intake of large amounts of alcohol heavy drinking limited to periods of stress

regular heavy drinking on the weekends only regular daily intake of large amounts of alcohol heavy drinking limited to periods of stress

What is the term for activities that tobacco users habitually associate with using tobacco? Multiple choice question. background inhibitors preemptive markers secondary reinforcers primary addictive factors

secondary reinforcers

The uninhaled smoke from a burning cigarette is called ______ smoke. Multiple choice question. sidestream tar vaporized creosote

sidestream

Select all that apply Smoking has been linked to which of the following cancers? Multiple select question. skin cervical brain bladder pancreatic

skin cervical bladder pancreatic

Select all that apply Some side effects associated with the use of Chantix include ______. Multiple select question. hyperactivity sleep disruptions nausea vomiting

sleep disruptions nausea vomiting

People who drive under the influence of alcohol are unable to do so safely as a result of which of the following? Multiple select question. slower reaction times reduced coordination temporary hearing loss impaired judgment

slower reaction times reduced coordination impaired judgment

Eliminating the habitual cues associated with ______ can be key to being able to quit tobacco use. Multiple choice question. smoking eating exercising relaxation

smoking

Select all that apply Which of the following are factors that increase a person's chance of developing lung cancer? Multiple select question. smoking a large number of cigarettes each day starting to smoke at a young age not smoking for a year, then starting to smoke again smoking cigarettes over a long period of time

smoking a large number of cigarettes each day starting to smoke at a young age smoking cigarettes over a long period of time

When combined with ______, an intake of five or six drinks daily increases a person's risk of contracting certain cancers by a factor of 50. Multiple choice question. eating fatty foods smoking tobacco taking narcotics aerobic exercise

smoking tobacco

Select all that apply In addition to increased health risks, smoking is associated with which of the following? Multiple select question. stained teeth excessive hair growth premature wrinkles more motor vehicle crashes

stained teeth premature wrinkles more motor vehicle crashes

A beverage that contains about six-tenths of an ounce of alcohol is known as a ______ drink. Multiple choice question. double proof pint standard

standard

Select all that apply From the moment they cease to use tobacco, people's risk of which of the following diseases drop? Multiple select question. gout stroke lung cancer heart attack

stroke lung cancer heart attack

Select all that apply Which of the following increase a person's chances of permanently abstaining from tobacco use, whether trying to quit tobacco cold turkey or simply tapering off? Multiple select question. support from others regular exercise sexual stimulation smoking occasionally

support from others regular exercise

Alcohol use triples the chance of fatal injuries associated with which activities? Multiple select question. walking swimming dancing boating

swimming boating

Select all that apply While somewhat effective on their own, it is recommended that smoking cessation products be used in conjunction with which of the following? Multiple select question. social isolation a gym membership the care of a physician psychological counseling

the care of a physician psychological counseling

From which organs is alcohol excreted unchanged by the body? Multiple select question. the lungs the liver sweat glands tear ducts

the lungs sweat glands

The toxic residues and chemicals from smoking that linger on indoor surfaces, curtains, furniture, and in dust is called ________ smoke.

thirdhand

Select all that apply Additives are designed to alter the performance of tobacco products in which of the following ways? Multiple select question. to enhance flavor to speed the drying of tobacco leaves to improve nicotine absorption to expand the airways in the lungs

to enhance flavor to improve nicotine absorption to expand the airways in the lungs

Select all that apply What are reasons that young people begin using tobacco? Multiple select question. to help control weight to rebel against technology to emulate a favorite athlete to fit in and look cool

to help control weight to emulate a favorite athlete to fit in and look cool

Select all that apply Among the chemicals present in tobacco smoke that are known to cause cancer are ______. Multiple select question. carbon dioxide formaldehyde urethane benzo(a)pyrene

urethane benzo(a)pyrene

Select all that apply The majority of alcohol-related deaths and injuries among adult males in the United State result from which of the following? Multiple select question. power tools vehicle crashes falls drownings homicide

vehicle crashes falls drownings homicide

Which of the following are examples of hard liquor? Multiple select question. vodka whiskey tequila wine beer

vodka whiskey tequila