Chapter 9 & 10
Planets detected via the Doppler technique have been mostly
C) Jupiter-mass, in very close orbits.
All meteorites collected on Earth come from asteroids or comets
False
Why won't Pluto collide with Neptune?
Pluto
Pluto has _________ moons.
five
What do we mean by a mass extinction?
the extinction of a large fraction of the world's plant and animal species in a relatively short period of time
Which of the following show evidence of ancient river beds?
Mars
Which planet has the most extreme temperature difference between day and night?
Mercury
The greatest number of asteroids are found
between 2 and 3 AU from the sun.
What do asteroids and comets have in common?
Most are unchanged since their formation in the solar nebula.
Which of the following statements is not true about the planets so far discovered around other stars?
Photographs reveal that most of them have atmospheres much like that of Jupiter.
Which of the following is furthest from the sun
a comet in the Oort cloud
What do we mean by a runaway greenhouse effect
a greenhouse effect that keeps getting stronger until all of a planet's greenhouse gases are in its atmosphere
Galileo challenged the idea that objects in the heavens were perfect by
observing sunspots on the Sun and mountains on the Moon
We can see each other in the classroom right now because we
reflect visible light
Galileo refuted the idea that
All of the above
Which of these (hypothetical) modifications would cause lunar eclipses to happen once per month
Change the orbital plane of the Moon so it lies in the same plane as Earth's orbit around the Sun.
Which statement is not true of all comets in our solar system?
Comets always have tails
Why is continental crust lower in density than seafloor crust?
Continental crust is made from remelted seafloor crust and therefore only the lower-density material rises to form it.
A comet that has an orbit around the Sun inclined to the ecliptic plane by 65 degrees probably originated in the Kuiper belt.
False
Which of the following is not a piece of evidence supporting the idea that an impact caused the mass extinction that occurred 65 million years ago?
Fossilized dinosaur bones contain fragments of rock from the impact.
Suppose we discover a new comet on an orbit that brings it closer to the Sun than Mercury every 125 years. What can we conclude?
It has been on its current orbit for only a very short time compared to the age of our solar system.
According to the nebular theory, how did the asteroid belt form
It is made of planetesimals between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter that never formed into a planet.
Approximately where is it currently high tide on earth
On the portion of Earth facing directly toward the Moon and on the portion of Earth facing directly away from the Moon
Consider a star with 2 planets. The mass of planet A is the same as the mass of planet B. The orbit of Planet A is on average, closer to the star than the orbit of Planet B. Which of the following statements is true?
Planet A is, on average, moving faster than Planet B.
Which of the following is not an expected consequence of global warming
The entire Earth will warm up by the same amount.
Many scientists suspect that Venus has a stronger and thicker lithosphere than Earth. If this is true, which of the following could explain it?
The high surface temperature that has "baked out" all the liquid water from Venus's crust and mantle.
Two stars with about the same mass are found to have transiting planets with similar semi-major axes. Star 1 exhibits a Doppler shift twice as large as Star 2. What can we determine about these two systems?
The planet around Star 1 is more massive than the planet around Star 2.
A transiting extrasolar planet is observed to block 1% of its host star's light. How does the size of this planet compare to the host star?
The planet's radius is 10% of the host star's radius.
One star is emitting primarily visible light and another star is emitting primarily infrared light. Which star is hotter?
The star emitting visible light.
Why are many of the newly detected extrasolar planets called "hot Jupiters"?
Their masses are similar to Jupiter but they are very close to the central star and therefore hot.
Suppose you find a meteorite made almost entirely of metal. According to current science, which of the following statements must be true?
Your meteorite is a fragment from the core of a large asteroid that shattered in a collision.
The reason that small planets tend to lose interior heat faster than larger planets is essentially the same as the reason that
a large baked potato takes longer to cool than a small baked potato
What do we mean by a primitive meteorite?
a meteorite that is essentially unchanged since it first condensed and accreted in the solar nebula some 4.6 billion years ago
What is an extrasolar planet
a planet that orbits a star that is not our own Sun
What is an extrasolar planet?
a planet that orbits a star that is not our own Sun
How do asteroids appear in long exposure images?
as straight lines across a background of stars
As an interstellar cloud of hydrogen gas shrinks in size, its temperature increases
because gravitational potential energy is converted to thermal energy.
Among discovered meteorites, we have found some with all the following origins except _________.
being a fragment from Comet Halley
When a comet passes near the Sun, part of it takes on the appearance of a large, bright ball from which the tail extends. This part is called _________.
coma
Which of the following methods has led to the most discoveries of extrasolar planet candidates
detecting the dip in measured brightness as the planet crosses our line of sight to the star
Which of the following methods has led to the most discoveries of extrasolar planet candidates?
detecting the dip in measured brightness as the planet crosses our line of sight to the star
Which of the following methods has led to the most confirmed discoveries of massive planets orbiting near their parent stars?
detecting the gravitational effect of an orbiting planet by looking for the Doppler shifts in the star's spectrum
The Doppler method of discovering extrasolar planets works best for
high mass planets close to their host star.
According to the nebular theory, where should Jovian planets form
in the cold outer regions of the disk, where rocks, metals, and ices can condense
According to the nebular theory, where should Jovian planets form?
in the cold outer regions of the disk, where rocks, metals, and ices can condense
Where did comets that are now in the Kuiper belt originally form?
in the same region where they are found today
A rock found on Earth that came from space is called
meteorite
A rock found on earth that came from space is called
meteorite
What is the transit method of finding extrasolar planets
monitoring a star to detect periodic dips in its brightness from the planet passing in front of the star
What is the transit method of finding extrasolar planets?
monitoring a star to detect periodic dips in its brightness from the planet passing in front of the star
In essence, the Kepler mission searched for extrasolar planets by
monitoring stars for slight dimming that might occur as unseen planets pass in front of them
Planets detected via the Doppler method have been mostly
t
If our year were twice as long (that is, if Earth took twice as many days to complete each orbit around the Sun), but Earth's rotation period and axis tilt were unchanged, then _________.
the four seasons would each be twice as long as they are now
