Chapter 9 Human Resource Management

Tuckman Model of Team Development

-Forming -Storming -Norming -Performing -Adjourning

Reward and recognition systems

-can promote teamwork -focus on rewarding for achieving specific goals -allow time for team members to mentor and help each other to meet project goals and develop human resources

Tools and techniques

-observation and conversation -project performance appraisals -interpersonal skills -conflict management

Why a team fails

-poorly developed or unclear goals -poorly defined project team roles & interdependencies -lack of project team motivation -poor communication -poor leadership -turnover among project team members -dysfunctional behavior

Contents of plan

-project organizational charts -staffing management plan -responsibility assignment matrix's -resource histograms

Benefits of resource leveling

-resources are used on a more constant basis, they require less management -it may enable project managers to use a just-in-time inventory type of policy for using subcontractors or other expensive resources -often improves morale

Conflict

-task related conflict often improves team performance -emotional conflict depresses team performance

Project Human Resource Management Processes

1) Planning human resource management 2) Acquiring the project team 3) Developing the project team 4) Managing the project team

5 dysfunctions of a team

1) absence of trust 2) fear of conflict 3) lack of commitment 4) avoidance of accountability 5) inattention to results

Maslow's hierarchy of needs

People's behaviors are guided or motivated by a sequence of needs Low to high 1) Physiological 2) Safety 3) Social 4) Esteem 5) Self-actualization

Success vs. failure

Succeed: when project managers influence with expertise and work challenge Fail: when project managers rely to heavily on authority, money and penalty

Resource loading

amount of individual resources an existing schedule requires during specific time periods

Developing the project team

building individual and group skills to enhance project performance

Extrinsic motivation

causes people to do something for a reward or to avoid a penalty

Intrinsic motivation

causes people to participate in an activity for their own enjoyment

Resource histogram

column chart that shows the number of resources assigned to a project over time

Groupthink

conformance to the values or ethical standards of a group. can develop if there are no conflicting viewpoints.

Smoothing

de-emphasize areas of difference and emphasize areas in agreement

Collaborating

decision makers incorporate different viewpoints and insights to develop consensus and commitment

Staffing management plan

describes when and how people will be added to and taken off the project team

Confrontation

directly face a conflict using a problem-solving approach

Acquiring the project team

getting the needed personnel assigned to and working on the project

Planning human resource management

identifying and documenting project roles, responsibilities, and reporting relationships

Responsibility assignment matrix

matrix that maps the work of the project as described in the WBS to the people responsible for performing the work as described in the OBS

Overallocation

means more resources than are available are assigned to perform work at a given time

Withdrawal

retreat or withdraw from an actual or potential disagreement

Resource leveling

technique for resolving resource conflicts by delaying tasks 1) create a project activity network diagram 2) develop resource loading table 3) determine activity late finish dates 4) identify resource over allocation 5) level the resource loading table

Power

the potential ability to influence behavior to get people to do things they would not otherwise do types of power: coercive, legitimate, expert, reward, referent

Forcing

the win-lose approach

Managing the project team

tracking team member performance, motivating team members, providing timely feedback, resolving issues and conflicts, and coordinating changes to help enhance project performance

Compromise

use a give and take approach