Chapter 9 Psych 150

Mabel clicks her tongue while tickling Francis. Eventually, Francis starts to squirm and giggle every time Mabel clicks her tongue, even when he is not being tickled. In this example, tongue clicking is a(n) ________. conditioned response conditioned stimulus unconditioned response unconditioned stimulus

conditioned stimulus

Which of the following is a developmental issue children face during the concrete operational stage? conservation language acquisition object permanence stranger anxiety

conservation

Jules is participating in the Strange Situation experiment. When his mother returns, he freezes, and then behaves erratically. In fact, he runs away from his mother. What kind of attachment is this? avoidant disorganized resistant secure

disorganized

Paolo pops his dog whenever his dog jumps on visitors. Lately, Paolo's dog no longer jumps on visitors. Positive Reinforcement Positive Punishment Negative Reinforcement Negative Punishment

Positive Punishment

Jerome's dogs stare at him every time Jerome is eating. Jerome gives his dogs some of his food. This makes the dogs beg more often. Positive Reinforcement Positive Punishment Negative Reinforcement Negative Punishment

Positive Reinforcement

You studied for your math test, and you received a good grade. Because of this, you plan to study for your next math test. Positive Reinforcement Positive Punishment Negative Reinforcement Negative Punishment

Positive Reinforcement

________ development involves learning, attention, memory, language, thinking, reasoning, and creativity.

cognitive

According to Jean Piaget, in what stage do children begin to use language? concrete operational formal operational preoperational sensorimotor

preoperational

A ________ reinforcer is a reinforcer that has innate reinforcing qualities such as water and food.

primary

________ refers to rewarding successive approximations of a target behavior.

shaping

The ________ stimulus is a stimulus that elicits a reflexive response in an organism.

unconditioned

Which of the following is an example of vicarious reinforcement? Babs saw Martin receive a candy bar for completing his reading list. She is careful to complete her reading list because she saw Martin get a reward for doing it. Lana wants to receive a candy bar and she knows from reading the rulebook that she will receive one if she earns enough good behavior tokens. Park wants to avoid detention, so he follows the school rules and does not smoke on the playground. Ryan observes Cameron getting a time out for spitting out her toast. Because he saw his friend punished, he does not spit out his toast.

Babs saw Martin receive a candy bar for completing his reading list. She is careful to complete her reading list because she saw Martin get a reward for doing it.

Put the stage of prenatal development in order, according to your textbook: -1.2.3. Embryonic Stage -1.2.3. Germinal Stage -1.2.3. Fetal Stage

Germinal Stage, Embryonic Stage, Fetal Stage

Which of the following is an example of a variable ratio reinforcement schedule? Bill traveling to Myrtle Beach for vacation every June Jeremy checking YouTube every morning before work Joyce playing scratch-off lottery tickets Nikita taking her dog to the vet once a year

Joyce playing scratch-off lottery tickets

Who called the stages of development psychosexual stages? Erik Erikson Jean Piaget Lawrence Kohlberg Sigmund Freud

Sigmund Freud

What should be changed to make the following sentence true? In classical conditioning, the initial period of learning is known as latent. The word "classical" should be changed to the word "operant." The word "conditioning" should be changed to the word "behaviorism." The word "initial" should be changed to the word "interval." The word "latent" should be changed to the word "acquisition."

The word "latent" should be changed to the word "acquisition."

Which term refers to the adjustment of a schema by adding information similar to what is already known? assimilation conservation egocentrism reversibility

assimilation

What is the primary psychosocial milestone of childhood? confirming one's sexual orientation controlling the id developing a positive sense of self developing a secure attachment to a caregiver

developing a positive sense of self

________ is characteristic of the Preoperational Stage in which the child is not able to take the perspective of other

egocentrism

The individual performing the imitated behavior is called a ________ is observational learning.

modeling

________ development involves emotions, personality, and social relationships.

psychosocial

A fixed ________ reinforcement schedule is when there are a set number of responses that must occur before the behavior is rewarded

ratio

A variable ________ reinforcement schedule is when the number of responses needed for a reward varies.

ratio

Dimitri and Rita eat some donuts for breakfast and then spend the morning at an amusement park. After a few hours of riding the Super Looper Double Twist Dimitri feels nauseous and regurgitates the donuts. Rita is fine, but Dimitri has developed a ________, and the next time they stop for donuts, Dimitri immediately feels ill. taste aversion taste response unconditioned aversion unconditioned response

taste aversion

You call a friend on the phone and repeatedly get sent to voicemail, so you continue to call her every 5-20 minutes hoping to speak to her personally. Which reinforcement schedule is this? fixed interval fixed ratio variable interval variable ratio

variable interval

Suzy's alarm wakes her up every morning. Some mornings, she wakes up before her alarm goes off to avoid the loud noise. Positive Reinforcement Positive Punishment Negative Reinforcement Negative Punishment

Negative Punishment

When Sara breaks curfew, her mom takes away her car keys. Now Sara makes sure that she does not break curfew. Positive Reinforcement Positive Punishment Negative Reinforcement Negative Punishment

Negative Punishment

When you leave dirty dishes in the sink, your roommate nags you. You no longer leave dirty dishes in the sink to avoid your roommate's nagging. Positive Reinforcement Positive Punishment Negative Reinforcement Negative Punishment

Negative Punishment

________ is the idea in cognitive development that even if you change the appearance of something, it is still equal in size as long as nothing has been removed or added.

conservation