Chapter 9 Quiz Questions

Heritability evidence suggests___________ genetic contribution to executive function. - little or no - only minor - moderate - considerable Review page 307

- considerable

Research on nutrition indicates that _____________. -the percentage of children who eat dinner with their families increases slightly between ages 9 and 14 -eating dinner with parents leads to a diet higher in fast foods and soft drinks than eating alone - mild nutritional deficits rarely affect growth or cognitive functioning in middle childhood - insufficient dietary iron and folate are related to poorer concentration and mental test performance Review page 295

insufficient dietary iron and folate are related to poorer concentration and mental test performance

Which intervention for treating childhood obesity is regarded as the most effective? - A weight loss camp. - A strict diet and exercise regimen. - Rewards for weight loss and punishment for daily inactivity. - A family-based approach focused on changing behaviors. Review page 297

- A family-based approach focused on changing behaviors.

Which American would be the most likely to mention cognitive traits when asked to describe an intelligent first grader? - Barbara, a Euro-American - Lupe, a Mexican-American - Kiri, a Cambodian immigrant - Danilo, a Filipino immigrant Review page 316

- Barbara, a Euro-American

At present, public opinion and educational practice in the United States favor for dual language learners. - bilingual classroom instruction - English-only instruction - instruction in the home language only - trilingual classroom instruction Review page 323

- English-only instruction

Which child is at the greatest risk for being overweight? - Cecilia, who watches one hour of TV in the family room each day. - Travis, who uses an ad blocker to screen out ads during his 1½ hours of screen time each day. - Marcella, who watches 1½ hours of TV in the living room each day. - Leo, who watches two hours of TV and Internet ads in his bedroom each day.

- Leo, who watches two hours of TV and Internet ads in his bedroom each day.

When Maia had to learn the state capitals, she grouped the states by region to assist her memory. Which memory strategy did Maia use? - Elaboration - Organization - Rehearsal - Taxonomical grouping Review page 310

- Organization

Obesity has caused a dramatic rise in cases of _____________ in children. - asthma - diabetes - tuberculosis - allergies Review page 297

- diabetes

The information processing perspective ___________ . - examines different aspects of thinking - fails to consider biological influences on cognitive development - applies only to children in cultures with formal schooling - focuses on overall cognitive change

- examines different aspects of thinking

Psychologist Arthur Jensen claimed that . - test bias largely accounts for ethnic variations of intelligence - heredity is largely responsible for individual, ethnic, and SES variations of intelligence - the environment is largely responsible for individual, ethnic, and SES variations of intelligence -there are no significant individual, ethnic, or SES variations of intelligence Review page 318

- heredity is largely responsible for individual, ethnic, and SES variations of intelligence

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)__________ . - is usually a lifelong disorder - does not respond to drug treatment - is most effectively treated by medication alone - has little to no impact on the affected child's family Review page 309

- is usually a lifelong disorder

Among school-age children and adolescents, measures of emotional intelligence are positively associated with _____________. - internalizing problems - externalizing problems - leadership skills and empathy - logico-mathematical ability Review page 317

- leadership skills and empathy

Middle-ear infections become __________ frequent in middle childhood because the Eustachian tube becomes __________. - less; longer, narrower, and more slanted - less; shorter and wider - more; wider and less slanted - more; shorter and less slanted Review page 298

- less; longer, narrower, and more slanted

Which intellectual factor of the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scales, Fifth Edition, is the most likely to contain culturally biased problems? -visual-spatial processing - quantitative reasoning - working memory - basic information processing Review page 315

- quantitative reasoning

Nine-year-old Lela states, "Juana thinks that Barry thinks that his cell phone is under his pillow, but that's not really what he thinks; he knows his cell phone is in his dresser drawer." Lela is demonstrating ___________. - elaboration - recursive thought - cognitive self-regulation - rehearsal Review page 312

- recursive thought

Yolanda and Steve want their son, Manny, to attain full proficiency in English and Spanish. To achieve this goal, Manny's mastery of the second language should begin ____________. - in early adulthood - in early adolescence - in late adolescence - sometime in childhood Review page 323

- sometime in childhood

In social-constructivist classrooms, . - students' learning is jointly constructed with teachers and peers - the teacher is the sole authority for knowledge and decision making - peer collaboration is often replaced by teacher-directed instruction - students coordinate their own thoughts rather than absorbing those of others Review page 325

- students' learning is jointly constructed with teachers and peers

Ten-year-old Nadia enjoys making up games and playing them with her friends. -Playing these child-invented games allows her to . - play without any rules and increase her popularity - make sure her friends notice her physical superiority - compete against her friends and establish a dominance hierarchy - try out different styles of cooperating and competing with little personal risk Review page 301

- try out different styles of cooperating and competing with little personal risk

Magnet schools are _____________ . - voluntarily desegregated - largely segregated by race and SES - usually located in suburban areas - not working for minority students Review page 327

- voluntarily desegregated

Which statement about language development during middle childhood is true? -Vocabulary growth is much slower in middle childhood than in early childhood. -Children's reflective, analytical approach to language permits them to appreciate the multiple meanings of words. - English-speaking children use active voice more frequently than passive voice during the school years. -Children's use of passive voice more frequently than active voice leads to a change in their humor. Review page 322

-Children's reflective, analytical approach to language permits them to appreciate the multiple meanings of words.

Which statement about gross-motor development in middle childhood is accurate? - Compared with preschoolers, school-age children are physically less pliable and elastic. - Preschoolers can propel themselves farther off the ground when running than school-age children. - During middle childhood, the capacity to react to only relevant information decreases. -Compared to preschoolers, school-age children are more agile and have better balance. Review pages 299-300

-Compared to preschoolers, school-age children are more agile and have better balance.

In two investigations, African-American children adopted into economically well-off white homes during the first year of life . -scored low on intelligence tests during middle childhood -attained mean IQs of 110 and 117 by middle childhood -scored mean IQs of below 95 in middle childhood -showed gains in IQ in early childhood, which dropped by adolescence Review page 318

-attained mean IQs of 110 and 117 by middle childhood

In a study comparing mapmaking skills of 12-year-olds in small cities in India and the United States, the Indian children represented more than the American children. -space -main streets -key directions -features of social life Review page 305

-features of social life

Margerite passed Piaget's class inclusion problem. This indicates that Margerite can ____________. -think through a series of steps and then mentally reverse direction -focus on relations between a general category and two specific categories at the same time -solve problems using abstract reasoning -order items along a quantitative dimension Review page 304

-focus on relations between a general category and two specific categories at the same time

Parents who patiently point out important features of a task and suggest strategies have children who ___________ . -passively approach new tasks more often -use cognitive self-regulation skills less often -monitor their own performance more often -discuss ways to approach problems less often Review page 313

-monitor their own performance more often

Flora has learned to solve math problems by rote. Consequently, Flora ________________. - is probably skilled at solving advanced multiplication problems -is unlikely to make errors on new problems -probably invents successful strategies to solve new problems -probably has difficultly applying "math rules" to new problems Review page 314

-probably has difficultly applying "math rules" to new problems

Magnet schools are . -voluntarily desegregated -largely segregated by race and SES -usually located in suburban areas -not working for minority students Review page 327

-voluntarily desegregated

Children with persistent learning difficulties in reading and math are often deficient in ___________. -long-term memory -gross-motor development -creative expression -working memory Review page 308

-working memory

Which of the following is Tord most likely to experience in his classroom in Finland? -Emphasis on native ability as the key to academic success. -Teachers who are not as well-paid as U.S. teachers. - SES variations in achievement due to a recent influx of immigrants. - A nationally mandated curriculum aimed at cultivating creativity. Page 330

A nationally mandated curriculum aimed at cultivating creativity.

Which statement about gifted education is true? - Low-SES and ethnic minority children are overrepresented in school programs for the gifted. - Overall, gifted children do not fare well when they are advanced to a higher grade. - Overall, gifted children do not fare well when they are pulled out for specialwsq day, instruction. - Enrichment programs offered to all students are useful in identifying talented low-SES ethnic minority children. Review page 329

Enrichment programs offered to all students are useful in identifying talented low-SES ethnic minority children.

Which of the following children is particularly susceptible to injury in middle childhood? -Fernando, who is shy and moderately active. - Luz, who is impulsive and highly active. - June, who is quiet and inactive. - Diana, who has strong self-regulation. Page. 299

Luz, who is impulsive and highly active.

Which statement about gifted children is true? -Many gifted children experience social isolation. -Most gifted children have adjustment problems. -The vast majority of gifted children have IQ scores of 130 or lower. -Most gifted children show an evenly high ability across academic subjects. Review pages 328-329

Many gifted children experience social isolation.

Which statement is supported by research on group differences in IQ? - On average, Hispanic children's IQ scores are slightly lower than African-American children's scores. - Heredity is largely responsible for individual, ethnic, and SES variations in intelligence. - Minority top performers are typically indistinguishable from white majority top performers. - Differences in SES are primarily responsible for the IQ gap between black and white American children. Page 318

Minority top performers are typically indistinguishable from white majority top performers.

Which of the following plays a large role in accounting for boys' gross motor superiority? - Boys' greater muscle mass - The social environment - Girls' higher fat-to-muscle ratio - Girls' lack of coordination Page 301

The social environment

During middle childhood, child-invented games usually involve________. -a sizable element of luck -analytical intelligence -competition and adult control -aggressive behavior Review page 301

a sizable element of luck

Between ages 6 and 12 _____. - all 20 primary teeth are lost and replaced by permanent ones - boys lose their primary teeth slightly earlier than girls - the bones of the body shorten and narrow - children are unusually inflexible because their ligaments are tight P. 294

all 20 primary teeth are lost and replaced by permanent ones

Eight-year-old Miles has confidence in his own ability. When he faces a spelling test, he believes that he can practice spelling the words and do well on the test. Miles has developed . - learned helplessness - academic self-efficacy - inflated self-esteem - interpersonal intelligence Review page 313

academic self-efficacy

Madison has strong strategic thinking, knowledge acquisition, and cognitive self-regulation. Accordingly to Sternberg's theory, Madison is______________ intelligence. -analytical - creative - practical - emotional Review page 316

analytical

The nonverbal subtests of the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scales, Fifth Edition, ______________________. -emphasize culturally loaded, fact-oriented information - emphasize crystallized knowledge -provide separate scores for analytical, creative, and practical intelligence -are useful when assessing individuals with limited English P. 315

are useful when assessing individuals with limited English

During the elementary years __________ . -children develop language awareness -vocabulary building slows to about five new words each day -children learn fewer words per day than in early childhood -grammar and pragmatics are fully developed Review page 321

children develop language awareness

Many studies confirm that _________. -the whole-language approach places too much emphasis on basic skills -children do not benefit from reading strategies until they have fully mastered phonics -fluent readers tend to use ineffective reading strategies and have difficulty with comprehension -combining phonics with whole language is the best method for teaching beginning reading Page 313

combining phonics with whole language is the best method for teaching beginning reading

Many experts believe that schools should not only offer more frequent physical education classes, but they should also reduce the emphasis placed on _______ and instead emphasize ________. - individual effort; grades -individual exercise; diet and nutrition -competitive sports; informal games and individual exercise -informal games and individual exercise; competitive sports Review page 303

competitive sports; informal games and individual exercise

Children in middle childhood are in Piaget's _________stage, which extends from about 7 to 11 years. -sensorimotor -preoperational - concrete operational -formal operational Review page 304

concrete operational

According to Sternberg's triarchic theory, the ability to solve novel problems involves ___________ intelligence. - analytical - creative - practical - emotional Review page 316

creative

Psychologist Arthur Jensen claimed that . - test bias largely accounts for ethnic variations of intelligence - heredity is largely responsible for individual, ethnic, and SES variations of intelligence - the environment is largely responsible for individual, ethnic, and SES variations of intelligence - there are no significant individual, ethnic, or SES variations of intelligence Page 318

heredity is largely responsible for individual, ethnic, and SES variations of intelligence

Paul is concerned because his six-year-old son, Bobby, prints using large letters and numbers. Bobby's writing is large because he _____________ . -cannot yet visually distinguish fine details -has not yet developed adequate depth perception - makes strokes with his entire arm rather than just his wrist and fingers -can only use his wrist and fingers to form the letters and numbers Review page 300

makes strokes with his entire arm rather than just his wrist and fingers

Research that ___________ predicts school performance, as measured by report card grades, better than IQ does. -self-discipline -SES -the size of the cerebral cortex -emotional intelligence Review page 320

self-discipline

Children of bilingual parents who are taught both languages in infancy and early childhood_______________. -generally take five to seven years to attain speaking and writing skills on par with those of monolingual age-mates -attain language milestones in both languages far later than monolingual age-mates -have a much smaller and less sophisticated vocabulary than monolingual children -separate the language systems early on and attain early language milestones according to a typical timetable Review page 323

separate the language systems early on and attain early language milestones according to a typical timetable

.A concrete operational child can ____________ mentally with an ability called__________. - conserve; seriation -seriate; transitive inference -classify; decentration - reverse; class inclusion Review page 304

seriate; transitive inference

To test for__________ , Piaget asked children to arrange sticks of different lengths from shortest to longest. -classification -decentration -reversibility -seriation Review page 304

seriation

To test for____________, Piaget asked children to arrange sticks of different lengths from shortest to longest. -classification -decentration -reversibility - seriation Review page 30

seriation

Dramatic generational IQ gains are greatest on_____________ tests. - verbal comprehension - quantitative reasoning - fluid reasoning - spatial reasoning Review page 319

spatial reasoning

U.S. legislation mandates that schools place children who require special supports for learning in . - "separate, but equal" learning environments - the "least restrictive" environments that meet their educational needs - fully inclusive "regular" educational settings, alongside typical students - "resource rooms" with teachers trained in special education Page 326

the "least restrictive" environments that meet their educational needs

When presented with Piaget's conservation tasks, nine-year-old Ramon demonstrates reversibility. This means that Ramon can________. -focus on several aspects of a problem and then center on just one - think through a series of steps and then mentally reverse direction - order items along a quantitative dimension, such as length or weight - focus on relations between a general category and two specific categories at the same time Page 304

think through a series of steps and then mentally reverse direction

When compared to Piaget's theory, neo-Piagetian approaches better account for_____________. - the abrupt mastery of logical concepts in middle childhood - the similar timing of the mastery of abstract thinking across cultures - the discontinuous restructuring of children's thinking - uneven cognitive development Page 307

uneven cognitive development

On the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC-V), which intellectual factor emphasizes culture-dependent information? -verbal comprehension - visual-spatial reasoning - fluid reasoning - working memory Page 315

verbal comprehension

Research on metacognition shows that preschoolers __________ . -use elaboration and organization more than rehearsal - use memory strategies as effectively as school-age children -view the mind as a passive container of information -view the mind as an active, constructive agent that selects and transforms information Review page 311

view the mind as a passive container of information

Ms. Dockery believes that children should be exposed to text in its complete form from the beginning. She feels that as long as reading is kept whole and meaningful, children will be motivated to discover the specific skills they need. Ms. Dockery supports the __________ approach to teaching beginning reading. -phonics -look and say -basal -whole-language Review page 313

whole-language