Chapter 9: Quizlet Help

Three months following an infant's birth, her mother returned to the community health care clinic and reported that Rebecca was "not as tired as she used to be when drinking her bottle." What additional information would reinforce the mom's report that the infant's feeding behaviors have improved?

The amount of time between feedings had increased since the last visit

The appropriate resource that could be used to measure Rebecca's growth velocity would be _____.

a growth chart specifically made for preterm births

Protein sparing is best defined as:

1. eating enough carbohydrate so that protein can be used for growth. 2. eating enough fat so that protein can be used for growth.

Nutrition concerns with infants that have Down syndrome include:

1. feeding difficulties related to weak muscles in the face and overall. 2. high risk of the child becoming overweight. 3. constipation.

The initial nutrition problems resulting from VLBW and ELBW include:

1. inability to nurse like a full-term infant. 2. for most, a requirement for respiratory support to breathe.

Catch-up growth and weight gain are typically emphasized with very-low-birth-weight (VLBW) babies; this can sometimes result in:

1. overfeeding. 2. gastrointestinal discomfort

The addition of folate into our food supply has helped reduce the incidence of _____.

1. spina bifida 2. anencephaly

There are many nutritional concerns in infants with special health care needs. Feeding problems may result from the disruption of the delivery of nutrients due to:

1. structure or functioning of the mouth or oral cavity. 2. instructions that were too complicated for parents to follow. 3. appetite being suppressed by medications or constipation. 4. inappropriate food choices or methods of preparation.

Refinements in the usual methods of measurement and interpretation of growth are needed in conditions known to influence growth and development. These include:

1. using specialized growth charts for specific diagnoses. 2. using indicators of body composition, such as body fat measures. 3. special attention to indicators of brain growth, such as measuring head circumference. 4. looking for biochemical indicators of tissue stores of nutrients.

The DRI for protein in infants that do not have special conditions that impair growth or digestion is _____.

1.52 g protein/kg body weight

The European Society for Gastroenterology and Nutrition recommends that a pre-term baby have an energy intake range of _____ Calories/per kg.

110 to 135 calories/ per kg

An infant with what special condition requires less energy than a healthy infant?

Infant with Down's syndrome

extremely low birth weight infant

Infants weighing <1000 grams or <3 pounds 3 ounces at birth

very low birth weight infant

Infants weighing <1500 grams or <3 pounds 5 ounces at birth

low birth weight infant

Infants weighing <2500 grams or <5 pounds 8 ounces at birth

What is the most appropriate nutrition intervention for a special needs infant who has gastroesophageal reflux and swallowing difficulty?

Mix baby rice cereal with standard formula

microcephaly

Small head size for age and gender

narcotizing enterocolitis

condition characterized by inflammation or damage to a section of the intestine

The DiGeorge syndrome is a _____.

condition in which chromosome 22 has a small deletion

anecephaly

condition in which the brain is not formed correctly, resulting in a neonatal death

down syndrome

condition in which three copies of chromosome 21 occur

Because the infant mortality rate has declined, the number of infant's also requiring nutrition services has declined

false

Breast milk would most likely NOT be recommended for a preterm infant.

false

Nutrient requirements are known for all children with special health care needs due to advances in science.

false

Slow growth is ALWAYS a symptom of inadequate nutrition.

false

The American Academy of Pediatrics and The European Society for Gastroenterology recommend the SAME level of energy intake for pre-term infants.

false

An infant with repaired spina bifida or Down syndrome requires:

fewer calories than a healthy full-term infant.

In preterm births, which organ is stressed, reducing an infant's ability to digest protein?

liver

Will Rebecca be able to sit in a high chair and maintain a stable feeding position at 6 months—the same physical development expected from a term infant?

no

Which of the following nutrients has been implicated in fetal-origin errors?

vitamin A

The overall U.S. infant mortality rate decreased by _____ between 1980 and 2008.

45%

In which of the following cases would EXTRA calories be needed for a child?

1. Infections 2. Fever 3. Difficulty breathing 4. Recovery from surgery

If an intrauterine insult occurs early in gestation, what would be a likely result?

1. Lower body weight 2. Smaller brain size 3. Shorter length for age

Preterm birth has been correlated with lifetime impacts on which of the following?

1. School performance 2. Drop-out rates 3. Adult chronic diseases

How many Calories would the American Academy of Pediatrics initially recommend for a 1.5-kg infant that was born at 33 weeks gestation?

180 kcal/ day

Following discharge from the hospital, Rebecca showed signs of fatigue during feeding. The dietitian then recommended a higher-calorie formula. How many Calories/ounce would the new formula most likely contain?

24 calories

What daily weight gain goal would the dietitian set for the first three months?

20 to 30 g/day

The smallest living newborns who weigh 501-600 grams (1 pound 2 ounces to 1 pound 5 ounces) have a _____ chance of survival at birth.

31%

Infants need a high-fat diet compared to older people; therefore, up to _____ of calories from fat may be recommended.

55%

What is the gestation-adjusted age for a 9-month-old infant born preterm (32 weeks)?

7 months

An infant is diagnosed with maple syrup urine disease and requires a special infant formula. Which of the following would be the best choice?

A mixture of amino acids, carbohydrates, and fats, without the amino acids valine, isoleucine, and leucine

Interventions are required to ensure adequate growth and development when feeding problems are identified in infancy. Which of the following would NOT be one of these interventions?

Assessing growth less frequently

Which of the following foods would NOT be appropriate for a baby with galactosemia?

Breast milk

seizure

Condition in which electrical nerve transmission in the brain is disrupted, resulting in loss of function

autism

Condition of deficits in communication and social interaction with onset generally before age 3

Rebecca, an infant born at 32 weeks, weighed 1200 g (2.6 lb), and was SGA. Her head circumference was 30 cm (< 5th percentile). The mother was not interested in breastfeeding. A dietitian evaluated Rebecca and established appropriate growth and development goals for weight, length, head circumference, and body fat stores. A high-calorie formula (22 kcal/oz) was also initiated. Which statement best describes body fat storage changes expected in Rebecca?

Fat stores will increase in 3 months.

Which of the following statements about fat is NOT true?

Fats are easier to absorb for infants with VLBW or ELBW.

macrocephaly

Large head size for age and gender

Which of the following programs would NOT be a source of nutrition services or finances to help pay for nutritional services for preterm infants or those with special health care needs?

National Council on Pediatric Affairs (NCPA)

Rickets is a deficiency disease that is caused by insufficient amounts of which vitamin?

Vitamin D

The answer that pertained to the maple urine syrup disease was chosen because,

excluding valine, isoleucine, and leucine prevents toxic byproduct buildup.

An infant that is unable to swallow and is having gastrointestinal problems should not be given enteral feedings.

false

Primary components included in nutrition evaluations of children with special health care needs include _____.

growth, nutrient content of diet, and how the child is fed

There are several reasons why a baby that is born preterm may be hard to feed. These include all of the following EXCEPT:

high tolerance of volume.

Infants that did not survive in the past are now being saved. This includes all of the following groups EXCEPT:

incredibly-low-birth-weight infants.

In-depth nutrition assessments make sure nutrition is not limiting an infant's growth and development and are typically needed by three main groups of infants, which include all of the following EXCEPT:

infants born between 37 and 42 weeks

If a woman breastfeeding a preterm infant needs to provide additional calories and nutrients to her infant, she can have human milk fortifier added. This adds all of the following nutrients EXCEPT _____.

iron

The recommendation for very low-birth-weight or extremely low-birth-weight infants who are breastfeeding but have limited pancreatic enzyme production is to supplement them with _____.

medium chain fatty acid

Growth rates among infants that have the lung condition bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) are slower due to all of the following EXCEPT

more muscle mass.

Differences in preterm and term infant feeding include:

preterm infants may have oral hypersensitivity.

When energy generated from carbohydrate and fat consumption is sufficient to meet a newborn's need, protein will be used for growth instead. This process is called:

protein sparing.

A gavage feeding is one that:

provides slow feedings from the mouth or nose into the stomach through a tube.

An example of a central nervous system congenital anomaly is:

spina bifida.

All of the following would be examples of feeding problems in high-risk infants over 6 months of age EXCEPT

the baby constantly puts non-food objects in her mouth

Infants who were born preterm or have chronic health problems tend to be more irritable than term infants.

true

Infants with Down syndrome love to suck and have things in their mouth; therefore, it is easy to overfeed them.

true

Mealtime behavior and eating problems occur along with other behavioral and sensory problems in infants with autism.

true

What is one of the signs associated with inadequate growth?

weight remaining stable over 3 months