Chapter 9 Research

A researcher plans to utilize a systematic random sampling method from a population of 5000 eligible subjects, using a sample of 200 subjects. Beginning at a randomly selected point on the list of subjects, what is the gap between elements?

25

Which setting is the most highly controlled setting?

A research sleep lab

Which is a type of probability sampling?

Cluster

When conducting a study in which it is not possible to determine the true number of subjects who meet eligibility criteria and obtaining a random sample would be time consuming and expensive, the researcher will use which sampling method?

Cluster sampling

A nurse conducts a study to examine the effects of a new intervention on FEV1 levels in patients with COPD and uses all patients admitted to a hospital during a 2-month period. This is an example of which type of sampling method?

Convenience

Which of these sampling techniques is least likely to produce findings that are generalizable to a larger population

Convenience

Which type of research study tends to require a larger sample size than the others?

Descriptive study

A researcher wishes to identify all school-age children who have type 2 diabetes mellitus in a local community in order to develop a sampling methodology for a study of this population. Which might serve as a barrier to obtaining this information?

Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA)

Which of the following is true about sample size in a qualitative study?

It is considered adequate when the researcher detects no new knowledge.

Which statement is true about systematic sampling?

It provides a random chance for inclusion as a subject.

Which of the following is true about convenience sampling?

It tends to be less expensive and easier to conduct.

Which type of setting is most commonly used in qualitative research?

Natural

A researcher will conduct a qualitative study about partners of patients diagnosed with sexually transmitted diseases. This researcher will use which sampling technique to achieve the best representation of this population?

Network sampling

A nurse researcher compares the outcomes of administration of a bronchodilator either via nebulizer or by metered-dose inhaler and collects data on subjects in a pediatric inpatient hospital unit. This is an example of which type of setting?

Partially controlled

Which is a type of nonprobability sampling?

Purposeful

A researcher conducts a survey of patients seen in an inner-city ambulatory clinic to determine barriers to receiving health care. The target population includes African-American, Hispanic, and Somali immigrant patients, as well as a variety of foreign-born students from a nearby university. The researcher chooses subjects from the African-American, Hispanic, and Somali immigrant populations to participate. This is which type of sampling?

Purposive

A researcher wishes to examine whether a teaching program for parents increases adherence to a drug regimen among children with seizure disorders. A convenience sample of children in a large teaching hospital is proposed. In order to prevent confounding of the results by socioeconomic status and type of health insurance, the researcher will utilize which additional sampling technique?

Quota

To decrease the probability of systematic variation in a study to evaluate the effects of a teaching program on disease management, the researcher will use which sampling process?

Random sampling

A researcher begins with a registry of all patients with HIV in the United States. The researcher uses a computer to generate a random sample from the list, and then those individuals agree to participate in a study. What kind of sample has been created?

Simple random

In a study investigating type 2 diabetic patients' ability to make lifestyle changes, the researcher randomly selects a sample from a list of all patients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes in the United States. The researcher also selects the sample by randomly selecting patients diagnosed for 3 years or longer and those who are newly diagnosed. What sampling technique is used in this study?

Stratified random

A researcher wishes to evaluate the management of chemotherapy side effects in children with acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL). Children with ALL are an example of which of the following?

Target population

A researcher wishes to study the effects of a nursing intervention on children with cancer and obtains a sample of school-age children hospitalized for cancer treatment in a local hospital. This sample represents the:

accessible population

The goal of appropriate sampling in research is to:

accurately reflect the characteristics of the target population

A researcher conducting a qualitative study knows that saturation of information has occurred when:

additional sampling reveals redundant information.

A researcher begins a study with 250 subjects, and 50 subjects drop out before the study is concluded. The researcher will declare 20% as the sample:

attrition rate

The benefit to using a sample that utilizes narrow sampling criteria is that there is increased:

control of extraneous variables

A pilot study reveals a wide variation in measurement values among subjects with an overall mean value that is higher than among the general population. By increasing the sample size in a subsequent study, the researcher expects to:

decrease the variation of scores among subjects

The goal of sampling theory is to:

determine the best way to achieve representative samples.

In a study of patients who have dementia, a researcher wishes to examine the effects of moderate exercise on patients' abilities to perform self-care. The researcher decides to use subjects between 70 and 80 years of age who have been diagnosed with dementia for less than 1 year. A patient who is 65 years old meets:

exclusion criteria

In qualitative research, the sampling plan is developed in order to:

increase the representativeness of the findings related to the phenomena.

Prior to initiating a research study, a researcher conducts a power analysis to determine the sample size necessary for a power level of 0.8 and an alpha of .05. The researcher will:

increase the sample size to avoid a Type II error.

A researcher tests a measurement tool in a pilot study and notes a wide variance in scores. To improve the significance of the study's findings in subsequent studies, the researcher will:

increase the sample size.

During a study about nurses' ability to teach lifestyle changes in patients with coronary artery disease, the researcher discovers that many nurses have negative attitudes about obesity. The researcher develops a survey to examine these attitudes. This is an example of:

intraproject sampling.

In order to decrease the time needed to achieve saturation in information in a qualitative study, the researcher will:

narrow the study's scope.

A researcher uses a sample whose members have characteristics similar to those of the population from which it is drawn. This is an example of a:

representative sample

A researcher wishes to conduct a survey of attitudes about illness among young adults with cystic fibrosis. The researcher contacts a nearby regional medical cystic fibrosis clinic, where 250 young adults who have cystic fibrosis are seen. A group of 50 young adults are selected to complete the survey. These 50 people are the:

sample population

A researcher who wishes to study the effects of a prenatal breastfeeding education program on the length of time African-American inner-city women breastfeed infants learns that 70% of women in the target population are unmarried. To achieve stratified random sampling in a sample of 50 subjects, the researcher will:

select a random sample of 35 unmarried and 15 married subjects

A researcher conducts a pilot study using a convenience sample of children with seizure disorders. A reviewer of this study's manuscript may conclude that the findings of this study:

should be replicated using a wider population.

A researcher enters a list of subject from a sampling frame into a computer and the computer randomly assigns subjects to control or treatment groups. This is an example of:

simple random sampling

A researcher wishes to conduct a study to determine the effects of an intervention on high school students. In this study, high school students represent the:

target population

In a qualitative study, a sample may be too small if:

the depth of information is low.

When using stratified random sampling, the researcher is able to:

use a smaller sample size.

During the data collection phase of a qualitative study, the researcher notes previously untheorized links among concepts. The researcher will continue to collect data until:

verification of information occurs.