chapter 9 scenarios/examples

standard of living

GNI PPP, or gross national income divided by purchasing power parity, helps measure:

Conspicuous consumption

Hope is desperate for the new designer purse that she saw while window shopping at her local mall. She knew every girl in school would covet her bag and wish to be like her. When she walked in, she whipped out her credit card, and purchased the $5,000 bag. This kind of purchasing is called:

Downward mobility

In 2008 the United States, as well as the rest of the world, felt the effects of the recession. After the collapse of the housing market, people lost their jobs and they quit spending money. Many people could not afford their mortgages anymore and their homes went into foreclosure. For many people, it was a time of __________.

Endogamus

It was time for Oli to marry. He had finished school and was starting a job. His parents chose a bride for him whose parents had the same amount of wealth and belonged to the same class as they did. Oli and his bride will have a(n) _________ marriage.

A

A person's position in a country's social stratification is determined by: A. Wealth, power, income, race, education B.GNI PPP, GDP, GNI, the PRB, and standards of living C. Clothes, accessories, hobbies, shoes, and number of credit cards D.Prestige, family, legal records, occupation, and favorite food

Exogamous

Cate is the daughter of a Senator and the former CEO of a Fortune 500 company. Harry grew up on a farm, tilling the land for a living. They are planning a June wedding. They will have a(n)___________ marriage.

meritocracy

Elisa graduated from college with a double major and was inducted into the Phi Beta Kappa society. She was then offered a job in New York where she worked 12 hours a day and produced excellent results. Within two years she had over 100 employees working under her. Elisa's hard work was rewarded with a raise and a bonus. This form of promotion is based on the principles of:

caste system

Mohit spent his days combing through garbage in Mumbai, India with his brothers and sisters. Sometimes he would find food, or something to sell for money. He never tried to overcome his lower-class status because he had seen his friends try and fail. So, he accepted his fate, and tried to live life as best he could in a closed society. Mohit is an example of someone living under:

A

Since the social classes in the United States do not have any clear boundaries, how is a sociologist supposed to determine whether their subjects are in the upper class or the upper-middle class? A. Upper class is often defined as having control over one's life and the lives of people around you, while the upper-middle class is often defined as having control only over one's own life. B. The upper class is split into "old money" and "new money" people, while the upper-middle class simply struggles to maintain its wealth. C. All upper class people enjoy opera and have been bred for their stations while the upper-middle class consists mostly of newly wealthy people who may not have had the same kind of upbringing. D. In the upper class, everyone knows everyone, but in the upper-middle class, the people do not comingle.

B

Which classification method best shows how competitive a nation's economy is in global terms? A. Using phrases like "first world," "second world," and "third world." B. Calculating the GDP per capita of each country and using those numbers to create a global average that can be used as an economic yard stick. C. Classifying countries based on their level of development and using phrases like "more developed" or "less developed." D. Visiting each country and polling a select handful of the population about their income, etc.

all of the above

Which factor is considered when evaluating someone's standard of living? Income Employment Class All of the above

The Industrial Revolution

Which historical event was greatly responsible for global stratification as we see it today?

Intragenerational mobility

Charlotte was born to a lower class family in rural Pennsylvania. After taking a job in the mail room of a large corporate office, Charlotte is slowly promoted through the ranks and becomes CEO of the company by the age of 50. What type of stratification is shown in this story?

B

One main issue in studying global social inequality is: A.Most countries keep their economic situations secret. B. Social inequality is relative and therefore, difficult to compare across cultures. C.The presence of tourism can make a country look richer than it really is. D. Most people live beyond their means which gives a false sense of wealth to a society.

B

What is particularly unique about the United States middle class? A. It is the smallest class in the United States. B. It is broken into two subcategories: upper and lower middle class. C. The people who are middle class often have little to no education. D. The upper class are as likely to become members of the lower class as members of the lower class are likely to become members of the upper class.

education

What seems to be the key (although not the rule) to upward social mobility?

Davis-Moore

Whose Thesis states: That the more society values a particular profession, the more the people in that profession will make.

Karl Marx

Whose work do conflict theorists rely on to help form their arguments surrounding social stratification?

1/3

With the recent Occupy Wall Street Movement, the people of the United States keep hearing about the top 1%. How much of the United State's wealth rests in the hands of the wealthiest top 1% of people?

Symbolic interactionists

______ have come to the conclusion that most people only socialize with people in their same social class.