Chapter 9: The Central Nervous System

Which of these does NOT contribute significantly to the protection of the brain? A) cranium B) subarachnoid space C) cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) D) dura mater E) cerebral space

E) cerebral space

Reflexive memories are stored in areas of the A) frontal lobe. B) parietal lobe. C) temporal lobe. D) occipital lobe. E) cerebellum.

E) cerebellum.

Which of these has a higher concentration in cerebrospinal fluid than in the blood? A) K+ B) H+ C) Ca2+ D) HCO3- E) Na+

B) H+

The inability to remember newly acquired information is called A) discombobulation. B) anterograde amnesia. C) short-term amnesia. D) implicit amnesia. E) retrograde amnesia.

B) anterograde amnesia.

The brain region that is identifiable by its folds and grooves is the A) cerebellum only. B) cerebrum only. C) medulla oblongata only. D) cerebellum and cerebrum. E) cerebrum and medulla oblongata.

D) cerebellum and cerebrum.

Reasoning arises in the outer layer of neurons of which of the following? A) amygdala B) basal nuclei C) hippocampus D) cerebral cortex E) amygdala and hippocampus

D) cerebral cortex

The brain area(s) that has/have a cortex is/are the A) cerebrum only. B) cerebellum only. C) medulla oblongata only. D) cerebrum and cerebellum. E) cerebrum and medulla oblongata

D) cerebrum and cerebellum.

The hormone that is released to enhance the fight-or-flight reaction is A) thyroid hormone. B) prolactin. C) oxytocin. D) epinephrine.

D) epinephrine.

Enhancement of the postsynaptic cell's response to a repeated stimulus is called A) training. B) learning. C) reflexation. D) facilitation. E) consolidation

D) facilitation.

The brain has a ________ (high or low?) demand for oxygen, and receives about ________% of the total blood volume in circulation. A) high, 35 B) low, 35 C) low, 15 D) high, 15 E) high, 50

D) high, 15

An important structure in both learning and memory is the A) cerebellum. B) pons. C) medulla. D) hippocampus. E) hypothalamus.

D) hippocampus.

Caffeine and related stimulants exert their effects by A) mimicking a specific neurotransmitter. B) inhibiting a specific neurotransmitter. C) mimicking a specific neuromodulator. D) inhibiting a specific neuromodulator.

D) inhibiting a specific neuromodulator.

A complete spinal cord transection injury results in paralysis, which is the inability to do which of the following? A) move voluntarily B) move at all C) feel D) move voluntarily and feel E) move at all and feel

D) move voluntarily and feel

General anesthetics keep surgical patients unconscious by reducing activity in the A) hippocampus. B) corpus callosum. C) lateral ventricles. D) reticular formation. E) medullary pyramids.

D) reticular formation.

The mixed cranial nerve that projects to and from internal organs, muscles, and glands is the ________ nerve. A) trochlear B) spinal accessory C) trigeminal D) vagus E) glossopharyngeal

D) vagus

Cell bodies of sensory neurons are located in A) propriospinal tracts. B) ventral root ganglia. C) ventral horns. D) dorsal horns. E) dorsal root ganglia.

E) dorsal root ganglia.

Substances that have been isolated from the blood and have been shown to induce sleep have also been linked to the ________ system. A) urinary B) respiratory C) reproductive D) integumentary E) immune

E) immune

Which of these roles is NOT related to the reticular formation? A) arousal and sleep B) muscle tone and stretch reflexes C) pain modulation D) blood pressure regulation E) regulation of the menstrual cycle

E) regulation of the menstrual cycle

Experimental animals become tamer and more sexually active following damage to the A) amygdala. B) hippocampus. C) suprachiamatic nucleus. D) hypothalamus. E) corpus callosum.

A) amygdala.

The brain area acknowledged as the center for emotions is the A) amygdala. B) hypothalamus. C) suprachiasmatic nucleus. D) pons. E) cerebellum.

A) amygdala.

Cerebrospinal fluid is produced by the A) choroid plexus. B) arachnoid villi. C) frontal sinuses. D) pia mater.

A) choroid plexus.

Language and verbal skills tend to be ________ side of the brain of right-handed people. A) concentrated on the left B) concentrated on the right C) equally distributed between the left and right D) randomly located with respect to the left or right

A) concentrated on the left

Symptoms of the fight-or-flight reaction include all of these EXCEPT A) hunger. B) pounding heart. C) sweating palms. D) increased blood pressure. E) pupillary dilation.

A) hunger.

Which brain area is considered to be a key integrating center for homeostasis? A) hypothalamus B) thalamus C) pituitary gland D) brain stem E) medulla

A) hypothalamus

The most primitive region of the cerebrum is probably the A) limbic system. B) basal nuclei. C) corpus callosum. D) reticular system. E) pons.

A) limbic system.

Some types of antihistamines make one sleepy, others do not. This difference is partly attributed to a difference in A) lipid solubility. B) the type of receptor involved. C) ATP-dependence of drug transport. D) whether or not the drug mimics the hormone melatonin

A) lipid solubility.

The internal clock of mammals appears to be located in the A) suprachiasmatic nucleus. B) pituitary gland. C) choroid plexus. D) pons. E) brain stem.

A) suprachiasmatic nucleus.

The brain consumes about half of the ________ circulating in the body. A) oxygen B) glucose C) sodium D) potassium E) fatty acids

B) glucose

The most primitive nervous systems consist of structures known as nerve A) tracts. B) nets. C) webs. D) cords. E) mazes.

B) nets.

The brain's interpretation of sensory stimuli is called A) proprioception. B) perception. C) cognition. D) lateralization. E) emotion.

B) perception.

Which statement regarding the hypothalamus is FALSE? A) Hypothalamic trophic factors control the release of anterior pituitary hormones. B) It receives input from multiple sources. C) It receives sensory fibers from the optic tract, ears, and spinal cord. D) The hypothalamus contains various centers for behavioral drives such as hunger and thirst.

C) It receives sensory fibers from the optic tract, ears, and spinal cord.

There is a legend about an autopsy having been performed on a space alien in New Mexico, many decades ago. Assuming that this alien was as well-educated and trained on its planet as NASA educates and trains astronauts on Earth, what feature would be expected in the alien's brain? A) a system of fluid-filled cavities deep in the brain B) a thick band of fibers connecting right and left hemispheres C) an enlarged area with surface grooves and folds D) at least 12 pairs of cranial nerves E) glandular structures resembling the pineal and pituitary

C) an enlarged area with surface grooves and folds

Which functions in the control of movement? A) hippocampus only B) amygdala only C) basal nuclei only D) hippocampus and amygdala E) All of the above function in the control of movement.

C) basal nuclei only

Which is a system that influences motor output, according to Larry Swanson? A) emotional state B) reflexive C) behavioral state D) emergent E) diffuse modulatory

C) behavioral state

Which is NOT housed in the medulla oblongata? A) centers for blood pressure control B) centers for control of vomiting C) centers for control of eye movement D) centers for control of breathing E) the pyramids, where tracts cross to the opposite side of the body

C) centers for control of eye movement

The structure that connects the two cerebral hemispheres is the A) basal nuclei. B) suprachiasmatic nucleus. C) corpus callosum. D) hippocampus. E) gray "H."

C) corpus callosum.

The pons develops from the A) forebrain. B) midbrain. C) hindbrain.

C) hindbrain.

An enhancement of the postsynaptic cell's response to a constant stimulus that lasts for a period of time from hours to weeks is called A) training. B) consolidation. C) long-term potentiation. D) synchronicity. E) synaptic plasticity

C) long-term potentiation.

The peripheral nervous system develops from the A) neural plate. B) neural tube. C) neural crest.

C) neural crest.

The earliest discrete embryonic structure from which the entire nervous system eventually develops is the A) ventricle. B) neural tube. C) neural plate. D) ependyma. E) neural crest.

C) neural plate.

Declarative memories are stored in cortical areas of the ________ lobes. A) frontal B) parietal C) temporal D) amygdala E) cerebellar

C) temporal