Chapter 9: The Early Middle Ages

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What is the hierarchy of feudal society in Europe?

-Kings/queens -Lords -Knights -Peasants -Serfs

What were 3 specific achievements of Charlemagne?

-built schools across Europe -conquered much of the former Roman Empire -introduced improved farming methods

What things did monks contribute to medieval society?

-ran schools -collected and saved Ancient Greek and Roman texts -served as scribes and advisors to local rulers -offered many services such as health care

What are 2 responsibilities lords had in running their manor?

-resolve disputes/punish misbehavers -collect taxes

In exchange for working the fields on their lord's estate, what did serfs receive?

-small pieces of land to live on -protection from attacks

What is a fief?

A piece of land given to knights/vassals in exchange for military service

How did Feudalism develop?

After Rome fell, bandit, thieve and VIKING attacks caused chaos. There was no central government, making everyone unsafe. Villagers went to lords for protection in exchange for working the lord's land. Thus the system of Feudalism developed.

What were a knight's duties to his lord?

He had to... -give the lord money on occasion -fight with his lord if his lord went to war -if his lord came to visit: give him food and shelter

What were a lord's duties to his knights?

He had to... -send help if enemies attacked -had to be fair and not punish without reason -allowed vassals to break ties if he disobeyed his own rules

Who was Charlemagne?

King of the Franks and eventually crowned Emperor of the Romans

What were two groups that helped spread Christianity through Europe?

Monks and missionaries

How were monks and missionaries different?

Monks lived apart from society in monasteries while missionaries traveled to spread Christianity to other lands

Southern Europe has more... Than northern Europe?

Mountains

Why was Europe a dangerous place after Rome fell?

No central government, outlaws, bandits, and invader attacks

Northern Europe has more ... And ... Than southern Europe.

Plains and rivers

What element of European geography allowed for ease of Viking attacks?

Rivers

Where were the Vikings from?

Scandinavia

What system in Europe developed as a result of Viking raids?

The Feudal System

What is Eurasia?

The large landmass that includes both Europe and Asia

For what deed is St. Patrick historically significant?

Converting Ireland to Christianity


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