Chapter 9 U.S Government

The citizens of ________ have the largest number of organized interest groups at their disposal. France Great Britain the United States Germany

The United States

The largest number of PACs are those associated with business foreign governments labor agriculture

Business

An interest group that focuses on achieving legalization of marijuana at the federal level would be an example of a(n) philosophical interest group. ideological group. professional group. single-issue group.

Single Issue group

The dominant labor interest group is the AFL-CIO United Auto Workers the Teamsters Union the Communication Workers of America

The AFL-CIO

Super PACs have been criticized primarily for giving too much influence to the wealthy. making it more likely that minor parties will gain control of government. being a tool that provides unfair advantages to liberal Democrats. refusing to abide by FEC regulations.

Giving too much influence to the wealthy

PACs tend to contribute the most money to liberal Democrats liberal Republicans incumbents independents

Incumbents

Most lobbyists receive support from elected officials in direct exchange for information money bribery deception

Information

Another name for an interest group is constituency coalition pressure group cabal

Pressure Group

Grassroots lobbying is based on the assumption that officials will respond to the efforts of party organizations. pressure from constituents. the opportunity for extensive media publicity. moral pleas.

Pressure from constituents

The term iron triangle refers to a small and informal but relatively stable set of bureaucrats, legislators, and lobbyists who are concerned with promoting a particular interest. the strategy of lobbying all three branches of government simultaneously. a corrupt relationship among the president, Congress, and the Supreme Court. the relationship among the Congress, the military, and defense contractors.

a small and informal but relatively stable set of bureaucrats, legislators, and lobbyists who are concerned with promoting a particular interest

The Supreme Court decision in Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission (2010) has forced candidates for office and elected officials to make public the amounts of campaign contributions they have received from PACs and which PACs make those donations. limits PACs by reducing the amount of money they can raise through contributions made by small donors. allows corporations and labor unions to spend unlimited funds on campaigns as long as there is no coordination with the candidate. has forced corporations and labor unions to legally divorce themselves from the PACs they sponsor.

allows corporations and labor unions to spend unlimited funds on campaigns as long as there is no coordination with the candidate.

A purposive incentive is defined as any common purpose that brings groups together. a goal benefiting a specific group. corporate profit the satisfaction of contributing to a worthy goal or purpose.

any common purpose that brings groups together.

An amicus brief is a written document in which an interest group lays out its policy preference for targeted lawmakers. prevents a lobbyist group from making campaign donations to policymakers over a specific issue. is a written document in which a group explains to a court its position on a legal dispute the court is handling. provides evidence for prosecutors of an illegal monetary relationship between a lawmaker and an interest group or PAC.

is a written document in which a group explains to a court its position on a legal dispute the court is handling.

"Agency capture" occurs when an election results in the replacement of an agency's leadership through appointive positions under a new president. a regulatory agency funnels money back into the lobbying organizations that are seeking policy changes. the executive branch takes back control of a regulatory agency. regulatory agencies side with the industries they are supposed to regulate rather than with the public.

regulatory agencies side with the industries they are supposed to regulate rather than with the public.