Chapter 9

Gender at Work Identify the statements that help explain why the biggest reason for the disparity in men's and women's median earnings is that men and women tend to work in different jobs.

Correct Answer(s) +Laws prohibit employers from paying women differently than men for the same jobs. +Bias that favors men appears to keep male-dominated jobs at a higher pay rate than female-dominated jobs. Incorrect: +Women prefer to take jobs that pay lower wages so that the cost of leaving the labor force is not as high. +Men are more likely to work full-time.

Place each example in the correct context of gender socialization.

Cultural =At the toy store, the "for girls" aisle is filled with dolls and family-oriented board games while the "for boys" aisle is filled with toy guns and battle games. Local = On the playground at Green Elementary School, the third-grade girls play house near the school while the boys play tag on the lawn. Family =Shondra's aunt buys her a toy makeup kit for her 5th birthday.

Which statement aligns with how social scientists would approach nature and nurture, with respect to gender?

It's best to integrate social and biological explanations of gender.

What is the biggest reason for gender disparity in median earnings?

Occupational segregation leaves women in female-dominated occupations with lower status and lower pay.

Egan and Perry (2001) studied patterns in boys' and girls' activities by asking children to describe how well they do various activities. Their responses are represented in the graphs below. Which of the following conclusions can the authors reasonably draw from this study?

Reasonable Conclusions: +There is considerable overlap between what boys and girls consider themselves good at. +Girls and boys rate themselves as being good at different types of activities. +Some girls like to fish or hunt, but in general this is a more typical preference for boys. Unreasonable Conclusion(s): +Girls and boys who like gender-atypical tasks are often teased at school.

Gender socialization is the process by which individuals __a__ gender norms and incorporate them into their __b__. This process can be difficult to identify because it occurs through both learning and __c__, but it is often expressed as a(n) __d__ part of one's identity.

a. internalize b. personality c. observation d. natural

When babies are born, they are identified by their __a__ as male or female. As they grow, most children come to __b__ this identification. Regardless of whether they do, once old enough, children will express their __c__ through their __d__.

a. sex --> b. internalize --> c. gender identity --> d. gender expression

Watch the "Story Behind the Numbers" infographic for Chapter 5.Then sort the following occupations in order from least to most female dominated.

electricians - construction managers - postsecondary teachers - financial managers - registered nurses

People internalize elements of gender through multiple levels of social context. Select the sections of bolded text that represent the local context.

Barney is a young boy: Local = +playing with friends +books read by his preschool teachers

Which of the following methods have parents used to select the sex of their children in the womb?

Method(s) Used +selective abortions +in vitro fertilization Not Used: +taking key prenatal vitamins early in a pregnancy +having a third child when the first two are the same gender