Chapter 9,10,11 Anatomy Homework questions
Which of the following are TRUE about muscle cells? 1. able to contract when stimulated 2. able to respond to stimuli by producing electrical stimuli 3. able to return to their original length and shape after contraction or extension 4. able to stretch, within limits, without being damaged
1, 2, 3 and 4
Which of the functions listed below is/are associated with skeletal muscle? 1. aid the return blood in veins to the heart 2. produce body movements 3. produce heat 4. regulate the volume of hollow organs, e.g. heart, stomach, and urinary bladder 5. stabilize body position
1, 2, 3 and 5 only
Which of the following are among the factors that can influence the range of motion of a synovial joint? 1. contact between different bone surfaces 2. arrangement and tension of associated muscles 3. flexibility of the ligaments that contribute to the structure of the joint 4. lack of use 5. placement of soft tissues such as fat or muscle
1, 2, 3, 4 and 5
Which of the following are aging's contribution to diminished mobility? 1. decrease in synovial fluid production 2. thinning of the articular cartilage 3. attitude changes 4. decreased flexibility of ligaments 5. accumulated "wear and tear"
1, 2, 4 and 5 only
Which of the following bones make up the ankle joint shown in the figure? 1. talus 2. calcaneus 3. tibia 4. navicular 5. fibula
1, 3 and 5 only
Which of the following correctly describes skeletal muscle tissue?1. composed of nonstriated muscle cells 2. composed of striated muscle cells 3. involuntarily controlled 4. voluntarily controlled
2 and 4 only (composed of striated muscle cells + voluntarily controlled)
A muscle with an origin in the supraspinous fossa and an insertion at the head of the humerus 1. causes adduction of the shoulder joint 2. causes depression of the scapula 3. is part of the rotator cuff
3 only
Which of the following would you NOT find in smooth muscle?
A (THE RED CIRCLES)
Which of the following are TRUE statements? Structurally, joints are classified based on the type of material that binds the bones together. Structurally, joints are classified based on whether or not they have a synovial cavity. Functionally, joints are classified based on the degree of movement allowed. Ligaments bind one bone to another bone. All of the following are true.
All of the following are true.
Identify the structure which prevents the posterior sliding of the tibia (and anterior sliding of the femur) when the knee is flexed, e.g., when walking down stairs or a steep incline.
B
The _____ assists in erection of the penis and clitoris, helps to expel urine, and to propel semen along the urethra.
Bulbospongiosus
Which of the following extends and abducts the hand at the wrist?
Extensor carpi radialis longus
Opening and closing of the eyes are actions provided by the same muscle.
FALSE
True or False: Both skeletal muscle tissue and cardiac muscle tissue contains endomysium, perimysium and epimysium.
FALSE
Hallucis muscles in the foot move the
Great toe
The frontalis muscle and occipitalis muscle of the scalp are named according to their
Location
Movement of the thumb across the hand to meet the little finger is
Opposition
The origin of most muscles that move the thigh is the
Pelvis
In the figure shown, which term is defined as extending from one Z disc to the next Z disc?
Sarcomere
Which of the suprahyoid muscles do not depress the mandible?
Stylohoid
Endurance training can cause a gradual transformation of some fast glycolytic fibers to fast oxidative-glycolytic fibers.
TRUE
The flexor hallucis brevis, located in the third layer of the intrinsic foot muscles, flexes the big toe.
TRUE
The two types of smooth muscle tissue are visceral and multiunit.
TRUE
What do the hyoglossus and palatoglossus muscles have in common?
They both insert into the tongue.
Hypertrophy often results from exercises that require great strength for short periods of time.
True
The structure indicated is called a bursa.
True
The movement illustrated in the figure shown is: flexion adduction abduction protraction extension
abduction
Incontinence issues may be resolved by Kegel exercises, which muscles are involved? levator ani iliococcygeus pubococcygeus
all of the choices are correct
What bones form the elbow joint? radius all of the choices are correct ulna humerus
all of the choices are correct
Where would you find multiunit smooth muscle tissue in the body? walls of large arteries arrector pili iris of the eye all of these choices
all of these choices
Which of the following is an example of a hinge joint? Select all that apply. tarsal ankle interphalangeal carpal
ankle interphalangeal
Which ligament is stretched or torn in about 70% of all serious knee injuries? medial meniscus tibial collateral ligament posterior cruciate ligament anterior cruciate ligament
anterior cruciate ligament
Slow oxidative fibers (type I)
are the least powerful type of muscle fibers
Joints that have been severely damaged by diseases or injury may be replaced surgically with artificial joints in a procedure referred to as _________________. subluxation bursectomy angioplasty arthroplasty
arthroplasty
In the figure shown, what muscle is indicated? Hint: This muscle is required for blowing out your birthday candles.
buccinator
Which of the following is not a protein associated with skeletal muscle tissue?
calcium
Infrahyoid muscles are innervated by
cervical nerves
What tissue type is located between the bony contact surfaces of a joint? epithelium connective muscle nervous
connective
Muscles in the pharynx that occur in three layers and assist in deglutition are
constrictor muscles
Which nerve would innervate muscles of the face?
cranial nerve V
Which contributes to the loss of muscle mass with aging?
decreased physical activity
What ankle ligament is responsible for providing stability to the medial aspect of the ankle? anterior talofibular ligament posterior talofibular ligament calcaneofibular ligament deltoid ligament
deltoid ligament
The muscle that separates the thoracic cavity from the abdomen and increases the volume of the thoracic cavity during inhalation is the
diaphragm
A ____________ joint is a freely movable joint. synarthrosis amphiarthrosis diarthrosis
diarthrosis
Which of the following is associated with synovial joints? amphiarthrosis diarthrosis synarthrosis gomphosis syndesmosis
diarthrosis
Which type of muscle contraction occurs when a muscle slowly lengthens during contraction? (For example, using your biceps brachii to slowly lower your textbook down onto the table)
eccentric isotonic
In the figure shown, which indicated structure covers the entire muscle? https://online.smc.edu/courses/28565/assignments/505559
epimysium
A muscle that has an origin on the spine of the scapula and an insertion on the occipital nuchal line is capable of
extending the head
Tension of the iliofemoral, pubofemoral and ischiofemoral ligaments collectively limit ____________ of the hip joint. flexion abduction extension adduction
extension
The figure shown is a right anterolateral superficial view of the abdomen. What is the name of indicated muscle?
external oblique
Loss of motor control to the external anal sphincter due to nerve damage of the inferior rectal branch of the pudendal nerve would also result in loss of control in the
external urethral sphincter
The type of muscle fibers that are the largest, contain the most myofibrils and can generate the most powerful contractions are the:
fast glycolytic (type IIb) fibers
Which movements does the elbow permit? Select all that apply. abduction and adduction flexion and extension of the forearm opposition and reposition pronation and supination
flexion and extension of the forearm pronation and supination
Which of the following is a third class lever?
fulcrum - effort - load
In the figure shown, what is the name of the indicated structure which functions to enable action potentials to quickly spread from one cardiac muscle fiber to the next?
gap junction (little purple circles)
The capitulum of the ____ articulates with the head of the radius. scapula humerus ulna capals
humerus
Which of the following muscles originate on the ilium? Select all that apply.
iliacus tensor fasciae latae gluteus maximus gluteus medius gluteus minimus
Which of the following effects on joints is not typically seen in aging? increased production of synovial fluid osteoarthritis hunched-over posture loss of ligament flexibility
increased production of synovial fluid
Which extrinsic eye muscle elevates the eye and turns it laterally?
inferior oblique
Using the analogy of a spring on a screen door, the part of the spring attached to the door represents the __________; the part attached to the non-movable frame is the ___________.
insertion; origin
A unilateral contraction of the sternocleidomastoid muscle will result in
lateral flexion of the head and rotation
This structure labeled B: _______________ articular disc articular cartilage fibular collateral ligament lateral meniscus
lateral meniscus
Which of these muscles is not associated with breathing (alterations of thoracic volume)?
latissiumus dorsi
The flexor pollicis longus muscle is named based upon its
location
Which muscle functions to elevate the mandible as in chewing?
masseter
In order to adduct the second (index) finger, the muscle would most likely be located __________ to the second metacarpal.
medial
Which primary germ layer of the embryo develops into all muscles of the body (except the iris of the eye)?
mesoderm
Which extrinsic larynx muscle is most lateral?
omohyoid
Which is your "kissing" muscle? (You contract it to pucker your lips.)
orbicularis oris
The orientation of the fascicles in the rectus abdominis muscle run in which direction relative to the body's midline?
parallel to midline
Which of the following is a uniaxial joint in which rotation only occurs around the longitudinal axis? saddle condyloid pivot hinge
pivot
All of the following muscles are involved in the chewing process EXCEPT
platysma
The scalenes include (select all that apply)
posterior scalene middle scalene anterior scalene
Which of the following is not an action of the trapezius muscle?
protraction of the scapulae, i.e. a "boxer's punch"
What is NOT a function of the intervertebral disc? shock absorption provide limited motion provide wide range of motion all of these choices
provide wide range of motion
The levator ani consists of (select all that apply)
pubococcygeus puborectalis iliococcygeus
Development of a "six pack" during exercise involves the
rectus abdominis
Which of the following muscles would not flex the knee joint?
rectus femoris
Which movement of the atlanto-axial joint provides for signalling a "no" response? rotation circumduction hyperextension lateral flexion
rotation
The femoral triangle, shown in the figure, is defined superiorly by the inguinal ligament, medially by the lateral border of the adductor longus muscle, and laterally by medial border of what muscle?
sartorius
Which of these muscles does not contribute to the rotator cuff?
scalenes
Functions of the menisci (singular = meniscus) include all of the following EXCEPT: secretion of synovial fluid shock absorption providing a better fit between surfaces providing a greater surface area for weight distribution
secretion of synovial fluid
The trapezius muscle of the neck is named according to its:
shape
The glenohumeral joint is also known as the elbow joint shoulder joint knee joint hip joint
shoulder joint
What type of muscle tissue would you expect the constrictor muscles of the pharynx to be?
skeletal muscle
With aging the relative number of ____________ muscle fibers appears to increase.
slow oxidative
The type of muscle fibers associated with aerobic, endurance-type activities such as running a marathon are:
slow oxidative (type I) fibers
Which muscle inserts to the calcaneus via the Achilles (calcaneal) tendon?
soleus
Intrinsic muscles of the larynx move structures associated with
speech
This muscle's sole action is to extend the head and vertebral column
spinalis capitis
The gluteus maximum is ____ to the gluteus medius.
superficial
Which of the following is not a type of synovial joint? hinge pivot swing saddle
swing
A ___________ is a type of joint formed where two bones are joined by a pad of fibrocartilage. The intervertebral joints are an example. syndesmosis synchondrosis gomphsis symphysis
symphysis
___________ and _______________ are the two types of cartilaginous joints. synarthroses; amphyarthroses synchondroses, symphyses sutures; syndesmoses labra; synarthroses
synchondroses, symphyses
Which of the following is not considered a classification of fibrous joints? suture synchondrosis interosseous membrane syndesmosis
synchondrosis
A _____________ is a fibrous joint in which there is a greater distance between the articulating surfaces and more dense irregular connective tissue than a suture. interossious membrane symphysis syndesmoses synovial joint
syndesmoses
Which type of joint is shown in the figure? suture symphysis synchondrosis syndesmosis gomphosis
syndesmosis
Range of Motion (ROM) is affected by all of the following except ligaments muscle tension muscular atrophy synovium
synovium
The ____________ joint is described in this plate. temporomandibular stylomandicular scapular sphenoid
temporomandibular
Which joint is the only moveable skull joint? parietal suture coronal suture sagittal suture temporomandibular joint
temporomandibular joint
To which part of the femur does the ischiofemoral ligament attach? the head the neck the lesser trochanter the greater trochanter
the neck
The sarcomere is made up of three types of proteins. Which of the following is a structural protein?
titin
The primary arm muscle used when doing a push-up would be the _______?
triceps brachii
Stimulation of one _________________ muscle fiber causes contraction of many adjacent fibers, but stimulation of one ___________ muscle fiber causes contraction of that fiber only.
visceral smooth; multiunit smooth
