Chapter Four Test
Which of the following is an example of resocialization?
a woman relearning basic skills after a car accident
The concept of the looking-glass self explains
how we develop a self-concept based on our perceptions of others' judgments of us.
Erving Goffman theorized social life as a kind of con game in which we work to control the impressions others have of us. What did Goffman call this process?
impression management
"Each to each a looking-glass, / Reflects the other that doth pass." This line of poetry, associated with sociologist Charles Cooley, indicates that our sense of self originates in
interactions with other people
Socialization
is a lifelong process.
The term " socialization" refers to the
lifelong process by which people learn the norms, values, and beliefs of their culture
The term "master status" is defined as a
status that seems to override all other statuses a person possesses
The idea that "if people define situations as real, they are real in their consequences" is also known as
the Thomas theorem
According to George Herbert Mead, what are children learning when they begin to take the perspective of a generalized other in their games?
the attitudes and expectations of society as a whole
Which theorist argued that if people define a situation as real, it is real in its consequences?
W. I. Thomas
Which of the following is one of the steps in Charles Cooley's model of the looking-glass self?
We interpret other's reactions to us.
Which of the following is an example of a feeling rule?
boys don't cry
A student sitting through a boring class glances over at a friend and rolls his eyes. What would Erving Goffman call this?
An expression of behavior
As people spend more time texting one another and less time in face-to-face interactions, _____ is becoming less frequent.
Copresense
Considering that impression management relies so much on strategies of performance, scholars have called Erving Goffman's ideas
Dramaturgy
Why does the family have such a powerful impact as an agent of socialization?
Family begins the socialization process before there are any other competing influences.
Why is playing organized games an important part of an older child's development of the self according to the symbolic interactionist George Herbert Mead?
Game playing involves learning to anticipate and coordinate with other players' actions.
In what way is a game of football like society according to George Herbert Mead?
In both football and society, individuals have to take into account the roles and points of view of everyone else.
Why is it increasingly difficult to use sociological models that assume that interaction involves copresence?
New technology makes it much more common to interact with someone without being physically in the same place
Which of the following statements about the process of socialization is true?
Society shapes the individual and the individual shapes society.
Which of the following statements about grief is true according to the sociological explanation of emotions?
The experience of grief is universal, but expressions of grief vary.
Why are adults unable to be completely socialized?
There will always be new situations and roles to learn.
Which of the following is true of expressions given off as defined by Erving Goffman?
They are typically nonverbal, but they are observable in various ways.
What happens to individuals who are NOT socialized?
They are unable to fully develop without contact with others
Which of these statements about roles is true? a.A role involves behaviors b.A role is earned or imposed in some way c.A role doesn't involve status. d.A role supersedes a status.
a role involves behaviors
How does a person come to possess an achieved status?
an achieved status is earned
According to the symbolic interactionist George Herbert Mead, the generalized other is
an understanding of the rules that govern a network of different players in related roles.
What must we do before we can experience role-taking emotions?
be able to see things from another person's point of view
Nature is to nurture as _____ is to _____.
biology; environment
What do sociologists call it when people's jobs require them to manage their feelings as part of their official duties?
emotion work
Which agent of socialization has the most impact in the earliest stages of a child's life?
family
_____ are socially constructed norms regarding the appropriate feelings and displays of emotions.
feeling rules
Children raised without human interaction or with minimal human contact are referred to as ________ children.
feral
Several cases of children who grew up in extreme social isolation, such as the case of Genie in 1970, suggest that
most of our mental capacities, and perhaps even the ability to think, are learned through social interaction.
Role conflict occurs when an individual has
multiple roles that are in conflict with each other.
Which of the following is an example of a total institution?
prison
What are some examples of things students learn from a school's hidden curriculum?
punctuality, neatness, and discipline
A person who leaves his or her job of twenty years to retire is undergoing what process?
role exit
Parents often buy their children gender-specific toys. Boys are given action figures that encourage active and aggressive play, while girls are given dolls and toy ovens that reinforce traditional gender roles. This is part of what process?
socialization
The nature vs. nurture debate helps us understand
the complex interaction between hereditary traits and social learning.
How do sociologists define the self?
the experience of an individual's personal identity distinct from other people
Which of the following sources of socialization forms the foundation for all other socializing agents?
the family
The indie rock band the Halo Benders once sang the following: Part environment And part heredity What we're born with And what's been fed to me What issue is being referenced in this song?
the nature vs. nurture debate
Which of the following is one of the goals of socialization?
to teach norms, values, and beliefs
According to George Herbert Mead, the dual nature of the self refers to the idea that
we experience the self as both subject and object.