Chapter test 1-5

Women, more than men, prefer to alternate periods of frequent sexual activity with periods of very little sexual activity. This best illustrates a gender difference in A) sexual orientation. B) erotic plasticity. C) refractory periods. D) the sexual response cycle.

erotic plasticity.

Critical thinking most clearly involves

evaluating evidence

Which portion of the cerebral cortex is most directly involved in making plans and formulating moral judgments? A) occipital lobes B) frontal lobes C) temporal lobes D) parietal lobes

frontal lobes

Biological characteristics that define someone as male or female are to ________ as socially influenced characteristics that define someone as male or female are to ________. A) sex; gender B) gender; sex C) primary sex characteristics; secondary sex characteristics D) secondary sex characteristics; primary sex characteristics

sex; gender

Social learning theory is most likely to highlight the importance of ________ in accounting for the ways in which we sexually interact with others. A) refractory periods B) the older-brother effect C) prolactin D) social scripts

social scripts

The peripheral nervous system is subdivided into the A) central and somatic nervous systems. B) sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems. C) somatic and autonomic nervous systems. D) autonomic and sympathetic nervous systems.

somatic and autonomic nervous systems

According to evolutionary psychology, men's tendency to pair widely and women's tendency to pair wisely are best explained by the fact that these different strategies have contributed to men's and women's A) erotic plasticity. B) reproductive success. C) social scripts. D) paraphilias.

reproductive success.

Concepts that help us make sense of the world are called A) schemas. B) roles. C) gender expressions. D) gender typing.

schemas

Who was the American philosopher-psychologist who authored a textbook in 1890 for the emerging discipline of psychology?

William James

Who developed the first psychological laboratory?

Wundt

Which of the following is NOT a way consciousness aids survival, according to evolutionary psychologists? A. Consciousness helps us act in our long-term interests. B. Consciousness helps us seek short-term pleasures. C. Consciousness helps us cope with new situations. Consciousness helps us anticipate how others view us.

Consciousness helps us seek short-term pleasures.

an evidence based method that draws on observation and experimentation

Empirical approach

Which of the following best explains the relationship between genetic and cultural influences on sex, gender, and sexuality? A) Genetics and hormones cause our biological sex, gender identity, and sexual orientation. B) Genetics and hormones predispose us to certain characteristics that then can be enhanced by cultural influences. C) Our biological sex, gender identity, and sexual orientation are determined specifically by cultural influences. D) Research has not been able to determine the relationship between genetic and cultural influences on sex, gender, and sexuality.

Genetics and hormones predispose us to certain characteristics that then can be enhanced by cultural influences.

Which of the following is true regarding the field of psyc? A. It is a pseudoscience. B. It is a science, similar to biology and chemistry. C. It is a field that is often confused with science. D. It is not based on Scientific Methods.

It is a science, similar to biology and chemistry

The regions of the parietal lobes that are involved in mathematical and spatial reasoning are known as A) the hippocampus. B) the corpus callosum. C) the somatosensory cortex. D) association areas.

association areas.

Which of the following is NOT a type of neuron through which information travels in the nervous system? A) sensory neuron B) motor neuron C) interneuron D) autonomic neuron

autonomic neuron

The school of thought in psychology that turned away from the study of consciousness during the first half of the last century was

behaviorism.

The possibility that our mental state might have a direct impact on our actions was most clearly dismissed by

behaviorists

The brain's oldest region is the A) hippocampus. B) amygdala. C) brainstem. D) hypothalamus.

brainstem.

When is brain plasticity the strongest? A) infancy B) childhood C) adolescence D) adulthood

childhood

After 1960, psychology regained an interest in consciousness as psychologists of all persuasions began affirming the importance of

cognition

Ivy is learning how to drive and is intently focused on the car she is operating, the traffic on the road, and the road signs and traffic signals. This concentration is an aspect of her

consciousness.

Samantha is a college student who is trying to decide which courses to take next semester. Before making a decision, she considers how each course would help her in the career she has chosen and the reputation of the instructor. This ability is an aspect of her

consciousness.

Checking on the credibility of the sources of information you use in a class report is most indicative of

critical thinking

The type of thinking that examines assumptions, appraises the source, discerns hidden biases, evaluates evidence, and assesses conclusions is called

critical thinking

Three key attitudes of scientific inquiry are

curiosity, skepticism, humility

Consciousness contributes to all of the following EXCEPT a.setting goals for the future. b.reflecting on past experiences. c.focusing our attention to learn complex tasks. d. dreaming about an old friend.

dreaming about an old friend.

Over the past decades, women have been increasingly expected to take responsibility for political leadership. This best illustrates a change in A) sexual orientation. B) gender identity. C) secondary sex characteristics. D) gender roles.

gender identity

The nature-nurture issue refers to the debate over the relative contributions that _____________ make to the development of psychological traits.

genes and experience

Which of the following is NOT a form of gender expression? A) language B) clothing C) height D) possessions

height

Which of the following is NOT a state of consciousness? A. drowsiness B. daydreaming C. inattentional blindness

inattentional blindness

Edward Titchener and others attempted to reveal the basic elements of the mind by asking people to look inward. They were using a method known as

introspection

In emphasizing that heredity's effects on behavior depend on a person's home environment, psychologists are highlighting the importance of A) individualism. B) a pruning process. C) androgyny. D) nature‒nurture interactions.

nature-nurture interactions

Most psychologists define consciousness as

our subjective awareness of ourselves and our environment.

Adoptive parents are LEAST likely to influence the ________ of their adopted children. A) personality traits B) religious beliefs C) political attitudes D) moral values

personality traits

Tabatha is much taller than her classmate Elena. The height of each girl is controlled by the release of hormones by the A) pituitary gland. B) adrenal glands. C) glial cells. D) somatic nervous system.

pituatary gland.

When Jane awoke this morning, she was slightly groggy but was able to function. Before lunch she was exceptionally alert. When she left work this afternoon, she was tired and wanted to take a nap. These changes in Jane throughout the day represent different

states of consciousness

The removal of a woman's ovaries may contribute to decreasing sexual interest because her natural ________ level is ________. A) testosterone; lowered B) testosterone; raised C) prolactin; lowered D) prolactin; raised

testosterone; lowered

The central nervous system is composed of A) the brain and the spinal cord. B) all of the neurons in the body. C) the spinal cord and neurons. D) the brain and neurons.

the brain and the spinal cord.

During which phase of the sexual response cycle does the refractory period begin? A) the plateau phase B) the resolution phase C) the excitement phase D) orgasm

the resolution phase