Chapter whatever in psychology
In Milgram's classic obedience study, what percentage of participants eventually used the highest setting on the shock generator -- 450 volts -- to shock the learner?
65
What is the definition of conformity?
A change in behavior brought about by following the standards of others
BLANK theory seeks to explain how we decide, on the basis of samples of an individual's behavior, what the specific causes of that person's behavior are.
Attribution
BLANK involves giving to another person to ensure reciprocity, to gain self-esteem, or to present oneself as powerful or caring,
Egoism
Which of the following has been linked to aggressive behavior?
Lower levels of serotonin
What is the social psychological term for a change in behavior in response to the commands of others?
Obedience
_____ refers to directly physically or verbally harming another person.
Overt aggression
What is the term for expectations about a future event or behavior that act to increase the likelihood that the event or behavior will occur?
Self-fulfilling prophecies
If people think that members of a specific group lack ambition, they may treat them in a way that actually brings about a lack of ambition. What does this illustrate?
Self-fulfilling prophecy
BLANK is the male hormone related to aggression.
Testosterone
What is the definition of social psychology?
The study of how people think about, influence, and relate to other people
BLANK refers to social behavior whose objective is to harm someone physically or verbally.
aggression
The limbic system and the frontal lobes are the brain structures related to the social behavior known as
aggression
The limbic system and the frontal lobes are the brain structures related to which of the following?
aggression
In Solomon Asch's experiment in which participants sat in a group and compared the length of lines, the conclusion showed that the pressure to BLANK is strong
conform
BLANK is a change in behavior or attitudes brought about by a desire to follow the beliefs or standards of other people.
conformity
In Asch's famous research study, participants agreed with people making an incorrect choice in a line length judgment task. This study is a classic study of
conformity
In Asch's famous research study, participants agreed with people making an incorrect choice in a line length judgment task. This study is a classic study of BLANK
conformity
In Asch's famous research study, participants agreed with people making an incorrect choice in a line length judgment task. This study is a classic study of _____.
conformity
Research consistently has shown that increasing the amount of interaction between people can BLANK negative stereotyping.
decrease
The term BLANK is used to describe a process that occurs when being part of a group reduces personal identity and erodes the sense of personal responsibility. One explanation for this is that being a group member gives us anonymity.
deindividuation
A negative or harmful action toward a member of a group simply because they are a member of that group is called
discrimination
BLANK is a negative or harmful action directed toward individuals on the basis of their membership in a particular group.
discrimination
Giving aid to another person to ensure reciprocity is called BLANK
egoism
Giving aid to another person to ensure reciprocity is called
egosim
_____ is a feeling of oneness with the emotional state of another person.
empathy
True or false: Acts of kindness may actually lead to negative mood.
false
True or false: In a study on physical attractiveness, researchers found that participants rated individual faces as more attractive than faces that were created by averaging up to 32 other faces.
false
The BLANK attribution error is the tendency to explain the behavior of others in terms of their personalities rather than aspects of the situation.
fundamental
Aggression, like other social behaviors, has _____ determinant(s).
multiple
BLANK social influence is the influence that other people have on us because we want them to like and approve of us.
normative
The influence other people have on us because we want them to like us is ____.
normative
BLANK is a change in behavior in response to the commands of others.
obedience
BLANK is behavior that complies with the explicit demands of the individual in authority.
obedience
Milgram's classic study involving teachers, learners, and electric shock was designed to examine the power of _____.
obedience
Which approach to aggression emphasizes the environmental conditions that teach individuals to be aggressive?
observational learning
Hitting, punching, and kicking are examples of BLANKA aggression
overt
What type of love is a state of intense absorption in someone that includes intense physiological arousal?
passionate
The murder of Kitty Genovese inspired researchers to examine whether ____
people are less likely to help if other people are present
BLANK BLANK refers to the processes by which we use social stimuli to form impressions of others.
person perception
Which of the following neurotransmitters and/or neurohormones are associated with prosocial behavior? (Select all that apply.)
Serotonin Oxytocin Dopamine
Several factors that contribute to attraction are noted in the text, including which of the following? (Select all that apply.)
Similarity Acquaintance Proximity
True or false: In the résumé study, if a résumé had a name like Tamika, Darnell, or Kareem, it was more likely to result in a callback than if the résumé had a name like Meredith, Emily, or Brad.
false
The tendency for observers to overestimate the importance of internal traits and underestimate the importance of external situations when they seek explanations is referred to as ______.
fundamental attribution error
The influence other people have on us because we want to be correct is referred to as _____.
informational social influence
BLANK is an unjustified negative attitude toward an individual based on his or her group membership.
prejudice
When considering the factors of attraction identified in the text, there is physical closeness, otherwise known as BLANK There is also acquaintance, and BLANK
proximity, similarity
A confederate is _____.
purposely placed in a study by the experimenter in order to manipulate the situation the participants must engage in
BLANK aggression involves harming the social standing of another person through activities such as gossiping and spreading rumors.
relational
High levels of the neurotransmitter BLANK are associated with prosocial behavior.
serotonin
Lower levels of the neurotransmitter BLANK have been linked to aggressive behavior.
serotonin
BLANK comparison is the process in which individuals evaluate their thoughts, feelings, behaviors, and abilities in relation to other people.
social
BLANK exchange theory is based on the equity in a relationship.
social
BLANK identity is a way individuals define themselves in terms of their group membership.
social
The BLANK learning approach to aggression emphasizes that social and environmental conditions can teach individuals to be aggressive.
social
When someone is asked to identify themselves and they answer with the religious or ethnic group affiliations, this is stating their BLANK identity
social
is the area of social psychology that explores how people select, interpret, remember, and use social information
social cognition
A BLANK is a generalization about a group's characteristics that does not consider any differences.
sterotype
Altruism is which of the following?
Giving aid to another person, even if it incurs a cost to oneself
Which of the following are NOT associated with aggression?
High levels of introversion
BLANK cultures value personal accomplishments and emphasize uniqueness, and have been associated with lower levels of conformity.
Individualistic
Attribution theory is which of the following?
The view that people are motivated to discover the underlying causes of behavior, theirs as well as others
Social cognition is which of the following?
The way in which individuals think in social situations
In the field of social psychology, the term BLANK describes an opinion or perspective that someone has towards a person, a behavior, a belief or a concept.
attitude
Researchers who take a BLANK viewpoint examine the influence of genetics and neurobiological factors on aggression.
biological
Researchers who take a ____ viewpoint examine the influence of genetics and neurobiological factors on aggression.
biological
The expectation of reciprocity _____.
can encourage altruism
BLANK cultures value the group; therefore, they have been associated with greater levels of conformity.
collectivistic
The genetic basis for aggression states that BLANK are important in understanding the biological basis of aggression.
genes
The role of _____ in aggression is most easily seen in nonhuman animals and the process of selective breeding.
genes
Helping others consistently leads to increased BLANK mood
good
BLANK is a type of thinking in which group members share such a strong motivation to achieve consensus that they lose the ability to critically evaluate alternate points of view.
groupthink
_____ is a type of thinking in which group members share such a strong motivation to achieve consensus that they lose the ability to critically evaluate alternate points of view.
groupthink
True or false: Many experts insist that TV violence can prompt aggressive or antisocial behavior in children.
true
Aggression is social behavior _____.
whose objective is to harm someone physically or verbally.
_____ is a key aspect of altruistic behavior.
Reciprocity
BLANK love is also called passionate love and has strong components of sexuality and infatuation.
Romantic
Researchers sent out résumés responding to job ads in two major cities. Which of the following accurately describes the results of the study?
Résumés with stereotypically White names got significantly more callbacks than identical resumes with stereotypically Black names.
BLANK is giving aid to another person with the ultimate goal of benefiting that person, even if it incurs a cost to oneself.
Altruism
Which of the following summarizes the evolutionary psychology explanation of altruistic behavior?
Altruism is more likely to occur among family members, so helping a relative also means promoting the survival of the family's genes.
Prejudice is which of the following?
An unjustified negative attitude or a positive attitude toward an individual based on his or her group membership
Which psychologist carried out the classic experiment on conformity?
Asch
BLANK are evaluations of people behaviors, beliefs, and concepts.
Attitudes
_____ involves giving to another person to ensure reciprocity, to gain self-esteem, or to present oneself as powerful or caring,
Egoism
A key social emotion in altruism is BLANK a person's feeling of oneness with the emotional state of another.
Empathy
What is a key emotion involved in altruism and happens when we feel a oneness with the emotional state of another?
Empathy
Which of the following best describes social exchange theory?
Equity in a relationship
Which of the following faces did participants rate as most attractive?
Faces that were an "average" (composite) of several other faces
What would a social psychologist be most likely to study?
Personal attitudes and the perception of others
Which of the following personality traits are associated with aggression?
Low levels of conscientiousness Coldness toward others Callousness Low levels of agreeableness
_____ involves trying to change someone's attitudes and/or behavior.
Persuasion
The BLANK perspective of reciprocity is to secure the survival of the family's genes, even if the helped individual isn't actually family.
evolution