七上历史chapter4 section 4 the new kingdom and kush
Why were the Kushite Egyptians defeated by the Assyrians?
The Assyrians had iron weapons, stronger than the Kushites' bronze weapons, won the battle.
What landmark on the Nile River marks the farthest southern expansion of Egypt's Old Kingdom?
The Fourth Cataract
Example one type of monument Hatshepsut erected to proclaim宣告 her glory光荣？
An obelisk ['ɒb(ə)lɪsk] 方尖碑, (pillar-shaped stone monument)which is a four-sided shaft在......上装杆 with a pyramid-shaped top. Hatshepsut had obelisks carved from red granite, and artisans used hieroglyphs象形文字 to record her great deeds.
Whose reign 统治 was the longest in history？
Hatshepsut, Ramses II, also called Rameses the Great, reigned Egypt 66 years(1279 B.C.--.
What was Akhenaton's religion reform?
1) Akhenaton lifted a sun god called Aton to the highest status. 2) He closed the temples of other gods, priests who served the other gods lost power. He promoted the worship of one god for the first time in Egyptian history.
How were Egypt and Kush connected?
1) Egypt controlled parts of Nubia from about 2000 B.C. to 1000 B.C. 2) As the central authority of the Egyptian state broke down, Nubian kingdom called Kush became a power in the region in 700 B.C. 3) Cultural, religious, economic exchange between them.
Why Egypt was peaceful during Ramses II took the power?
1) Having one ruler for 66 years made the Egyptian government stable. His reign was also a time of peace. 2) After the treaty with Hittites, no enemy threatened Egypt while Ramses ruled.
How about the foreign powers ruled Egypt?
1)In 750 B.C., the Nubian Kushite kingdom ruled Egypt. 2)In 525 B.C. the Persians conquered Egypt. 3)In 332 B.C., Alexander the Great of Macedonia [,mæsi'dəunjə] 马其顿 took over.
How Kush rises to power?
1)The rulers of Thebes, the center of Amun worship, invited the Kushite king, Piye, (king of Kush around 750 B.C., who gained control of Egypt, becoming pharaoh and uniting Egypt and Kush) to defend them. Piye and his army sailed up the Nile to Thebes where Piye was declared pharaoh. He continued north into Lower Egypt defeating enemies to Memphis. Then, he ruled all of Egypt.
What was the significance of Queen Hatshepsut's rule?
1)the first women to rule as a pharaoh. 2) Egypt's strength through trade. 3) Build obelisk as monuments.
Explain the cultural diffusion between Egypt and Kush
Egypt ruled Nubia resulted in cultural exchange. 1) Egypt influenced the art of Nubia, including Kush. 2) Kushite nobles learned the Egyptian language. 3) They adoped the customs and clothing styles 4) they brought royal rituals and a hieroglyphic writing system back to kush. 5) They copyed Egyptian pyramids. 6) They worshiped some of the gods sacred to Egyptians.
How did Ramses honor himself? How about it?
He built a city called Pi-Ramses, or the House of Ramses, in the eastern Delta. At Abu Simbel阿布辛贝（埃及地名）, south of the first cataract ['kætərækt] 大瀑布, four 66-foot statues of Ramses guarded his temple. Ramses wanted the statues appear godlike.
Who ended Kushite rule in Egypt?
In 671 B.C., the Assyrians invaded and conquered Egypt, this ended Kushite rule in Egypt.
How did Akhenaton's new thinking way affect art?
In the past, Egyptian artwork usually tried to show perfect images of the pharaohs. In the Middle Kingdom, small steps toward realism began to appear. Under Akhenaton, a pharaoh was shown realistically for the first time.
How did most New Kingdom pharaohs expand Egypt by?
Most New Kingdom pharaohs expand Egypt by waging( 发动) war.
Where did Piye live? And how about this city?
Piye did not live in Egypt. Instead, he lived in Napata, the Capital of Kush. Napata was located at the head of a road used to move goods around one of the Nile River's cataracts. Napata was the center for the spread of Egyptian goods and culture to Kush's other trading partners in Africa and beyond.
Which Dynasty was Piye's reign?
Piye united Egypt and Kush( Nubian kingdom that conquered all of Upper and Lower Egypt in 700s B.C.). His reign marked the beginning of Egypt's Twenty-Fifth Dynasty.
Who was the first woman to rule as pharaoh?
Queen Hatshepsut [hæt'ʃepsu:t] 哈特谢普苏特（埃及第18王朝女王）(woman pharaoh who strengthened Egypt through trade)First, she ruled with her stepson, Thutmose III after her husband died. In 1472 B.C., she declared herself the only ruler.
What was the first known peace treaty in world history?
Ramses negotiate [nɪ'gəʊʃɪeɪt]谈判 the peace treaty with Hittites.
How about Hatshepsut expanded Egypt?
She did it through trade. Her trading expedition crossed the Eastern Desert to the Red Sea. South to an African land called Punt. Traders brought back rare稀有的 herbs 香草，药草;spices 香料;scented ['sentɪd]有香味的woods；live monkeys; and potted trees盆景 for making incense ['ɪnsens] 熏香(substance that is burned to produce a pleasant odor)
What waterway did Hatshepsut's biggest trading expedition take to get to the land of Punt?
The red sea.
What is captial of the new kingdom?
Thebes [θi:bz] 底比斯, 450 miles south of the old capital at Memphis ['memfis] 孟斐斯
After Hatshepsut died, who became the new pharaoh?
Thutmose III 图特摩斯三世 became pharaoh.
Under Ramses' rule, how about Egypt's territory?
Unlike Hatshepsut, Ramses II wanted to make Egypt powerful through war. Egypt extended its territory south into the African kingdom of Nubia ['nju:biə] 努比亚;stretched to eastern rim [rɪm] 边缘 of the Mediterranean Sea, where it bordered the empire of the Hittites. 西台王国( group of people who lived in modern-day Turkey and northern Syria)
Did Akhenaton's new religion continue as Egypt's religion after his death?
no, because his young successor was convinced by advisers to reject it
Who defeated the Kushite in Egypt?
the Assyrians