Chapters: 13,14,16, Statistics Final Exam, Stats quiz 12, Factorial ANOVA (GLM 3), Stat Quiz 12, Stats quiz 12, Chapter 12, chp 12, Salkind 12, Stats, Statistics Final Exam

Imagine we conducted a study that found that pedestrians were more likely to give money to a street beggar if the beggar had a cute and hungry-looking dog with them, and this effect was identical for both male and female pedestrians. If we calculated the difference between men and women in the no dog condition and plotted this value against the difference between men and women in the dog condition, which of the following values is most likely to represent the gradient of our graph?

0 or Zero

Levene's Test

1- Levene's test is used to assess the tenability of the assumption of equal variances (Homogeneity of variance). 2- Levene's test looks at whether there are any significant differences between group variances. 3- If the test is not significant, the result is met. 4- If test is significant then step should be taken for the equalize variances through data transformation.

Which of the following would be an example of a design that examines the effects of gender and SES (high SES and low SES) on a test of student achievement? Answers: one-way ANOVA 2 × 2 ANOVA multivariate ANOVA 3 × 2 ANOVA

2 × 2 ANOVA

If a simple Pearson correlation value= .512, what percentage of variance is accounted for?

26%

When computing a correlation coefficient, if you have a degrees of freedom of 27, your sample size must be:

29

How many null hypotheses are used in a 2x2 factorial ANOVA?

3

How many research hypotheses are used in a 2 × 2 factorial ANOVA? Answers: 1 2 3 4

3

What would the levels of the independent variables be for a two-way ANOVA investigating the effect of four different treatments for depression and gender?

4 and 2

If a simple Pearson correlation value =.75, what percentage of variance is unaccounted for?

44%

In calculating a one sample chi-square test, if you had 4 degrees of freedom, your variable would have this number of categories:

5

Imagine we conducted a three-way independent ANOVA. How many sources of variance would we have?

8

In ANOVA, you have a main effect when ______. Answers: A factor significantly affects the outcome variable. An outcome significantly affects a factor. There is an interaction between factors. There is an interaction between outcomes.

A factor significantly affects the outcome variable.

a

A factorial ANOVA includes _______ treatment factor(s), or Independent Variable(s) a. more than one b. only one c. only two d. only three or more

b

A regression equation can be visually represented on a ____________. a. Histogram b. Scatter plot c. Ogive d. Pie chart

a.

A simple analysis of variance includes _______ factor(s) or treatment variables in the analysis. a. only one b. only two c. three or more d. one or more

d.

A simple analysis of variance is also called _______. a. the two-way analysis of variance b. factorial ANOVA c. correlational ANOVA d. the one-way analysis of variance

If you want to equalize initial differences between two groups before examining group differences, what procedure would you use?

ANCOVA

What is the most important characteristic of a correlation coefficient?

Absolute Value

When plotted on a graph, if the lines representing the effect of two variables cross, you have:

An interaction effect

Significant correlations are not able to indicate:

Causality

The obtained value must be compared against which of the following?

Critical Value

true

Error in prediction (error of estimate) is calculated as the distance between each individual data point and the regression line. True False

Which of the following is another use of correlation coefficients?

Estimating reliability

Of the following, which procedure is sometimes referred to as "data reduction" method as it allows a researcher to explore how items on a particular measure cluster together?

Factor Analysis

When you want to examine the impact of more than one independent variable on the outcome variable, what type of ANOVA should be used?

Factorial ANOVA

The factorial ANOVA can test main effects but not interaction effects. Answers: True False

False

a one-sample chi-square is also know as ______

Goodness of fit test

Which of the following is an example of a null hypothesis for testing a correlation coefficient?

H0: Pxy= 0

c. very low

If the absolute value of your correlation is 0.9, your error in prediction will be ______. high low very low 0

b

If the amount of variability due to within-group differences is equal to the amount of variability due to between-group differences, your F value will be equal to _______. a. 0 b. 1 c. -1 d. 2

The term Independent

If the different participants are used.

The term Repeated measure

If the smae participants are used

three

If you are conducting a 2 x 3 x 3 ANOVA, how many possible main effects are there? a. one b. two c. three d. four

a

In ANOVA, you have an interaction effect when ______. a. The effect of one independent variable differs based on the level of a second independent variable. b. The effect of one dependent variable differs based on the level of a second dependent variable. c. The effect of one dependent variable differs based on the level of a second independent variable. d. The effect of one independent variable differs based on the level of a second dependent variable.

d

In a 2 x 2 x 2 ANOVA, how many interactions are possible? a. one b. two c. three d. four

true

In linear regression, the outcome variable is called the criterion or dependent variable. True False

c

In the formula for a regression line, the slope is represented by which symbol? a. Y' b. a c. b d. X

Which of the following is billed as "statistical discovery software" that produces graphics with each statistical procedure?

JMP

Which of the following nonparametric tests is used to determine if scores from a sample came from from a specified population?

Kolmogorov-Smirnov

When analysis of data reveals a difference between levels of a factor, what is this called?

Main Effect

What type of design includes an ANOVA where one factor is repeated and the other is not?

Mixed design

Which of the following statistical techniques is used when values of more than one variable are used to predict the value of another variable?

Multiple Regression

Graph

Non-parallel lines indicate a significant interaction effect. When the lines cross, which indicates a fairly large interaction between independent variables.

How many dependent variables does a two-way ANOVA have?

One

What type of ANOVA is used when there is only one type of treatment or grouping factor with more than two levels?

One-way

One way Independent ANOVA

One-way independent variable measured using different participants.

In the factorial ANOVA, participants are tested:

Only once

Which of the following statistical software packages is free?

OpenStat 4

Which of the following statistical techniques is used to examine correlations but allows a bit of a suggestion as to the direction, or causality, in the relationship between factors?

Path Analysis

In what type of ANOVA is there one factor on which participants are tested more than once?

Repeated Measures

Which of the following procedures can be utilized to examine within groups change over time?

Repeated measures ANOVA

Which of the following is sometimes referred to as an "umbrella" term for techniques such as Regression, Path Analysis, and Factor Analysis?

SEM

The statistics program featured in the text, Statistics For People (Who Think) They Hate Statistics is _____

SPSS

Which of the following programs is most often used by researchers in the social and behavioral sciences?

SPSS

Which of the following offers publication-quality custom-titled and legend graphs that can be exported to Bitmap, Postscript, and HPGL file formats?

STATISTIX for Windows

Which of the following programs is most often used by researcher in the biological and physical sciences?

SYSTAT

What sciences are SYSTAT and SPSS oriented toward?

Social & behavioral sciences and biological & physical sciences

While you can use the correlation coefficient as its own test statistic, what is the other appropriate test statistic often used to examine the significance of a correlation?

T-test

c

The best fitting straight line drawn through the center of a scatterplot is the a. regression coefficient. b. Pearson coefficient. c. regression line. d. coefficient of determination.

false. Centoid

The data point on the Scatter-plot that represents the intersection of the mean of x and the mean of y is called the centaur. True False

In ANOVA, you have interaction effect when:

The effect of one independent differs based on the level of a second independent variable

In ANOVA, you have an interaction effect when ______. Answers: The effect of one independent variable differs based on the level of a second independent variable. The effect of one dependent variable differs based on the level of a second dependent variable. The effect of one dependent variable differs based on the level of a second independent variable. The effect of one independent variable differs based on the level of a second dependent variable.

The effect of one independent variable differs based on the level of a second independent variable

b

The factorial ANOVA is used when you have ______. a. one independent variable b. more than one independent variable c. two dependent variables d. two or more dependent variables

In the following main effect: F(1,9)= 1.67, p= .229, what is .229?

The level of significance

b

The number of main effects is equal to ______. a. the number of dependent variables b. the number of independent variables c. the number of independent variables plus the number of interaction effects d. the number of dependent variables minus the number of interaction effects

In the following result: t(24)= 8.4, p=.05, what is 8.4?

The observed value

b

The variability between groups is due to _______. a. chance b. The grouping factor c. the F ratio d. the level of the dependent variable

a

The variability within groups is due to _______. a. chance b. The grouping factor c. the F ratio d. the level of the dependent variable

How many null hypotheses are associated with a 2x2 factorial ANOVA?

Three

How many independent variables were used and how were they measured in a three-way independent ANOVA?

Three independent variables all measured using different entities.

Three-way independent ANOVA

Three independent variables all of which are measured using different participants.

In the factorial ANOVA, participants are tested only once. Answers: True False

True

Interaction effects are between independent variables. Answers: True False

True

Like the scatter plot in a correlation, one of the easiest ways to see the magnitude of an interaction (or the absence of one) in a factorial ANOVA is to plot the means. Answers: True False

True

The test statistic used in the factorial ANOVA is the F-test. Answers: True False

True

You would want to use a factorial ANOVA if you had:

Two independent variables

Two Way Repeated-measures ANOVA

Two independent variables both measured using the same participants.

Two way mixed ANOVA

Two independent variables: one measured using different participants and the other measured using the same participants.

d.

When analysis of data reveals a difference between levels of a factor, what is this called? a. interaction effect b. factor effect c. level effect d. main effect

b

When computing the degrees of freedom for ANOVA, how is the between-group estimate calculated? a. n - 1 b. k - 1 c. N - k d. (n - 1) ÷ k

c

When computing the degrees of freedom for ANOVA, how is the within-group estimate calculated? a. n - 1 b. k - 1 c. N - k d. (n - 1) ÷ k

4

When interpreting F(3, 67) = 8.80, p < .05, how many groups were examined? 70 67 4 3

b

When plotted on a graph, if the lines representing the effects of two variables are parallel, you have _______. a. an interaction effect b. no interaction effect c. possibly an interaction effect d. an effect that cannot be determined

Factorial ANOVA

When we use ANOVA to analyse a situation in which there are two or more independent variables.

d.

Which of the following determines the direction of the regression line? a. intercept b. predicted score c. criterion score d. slope

a

Which of the following is the point at which the regression line crosses the y-axis? a. intercept b. predicted point c. criterion point d. slope

If you find that income significantly varies on the basis of gender, you have ______. Answers: a main effect an interaction effect both a main effect and an interaction effect neither a main effect nor an interaction effect

a main effect

When plotted on a graph, if the lines representing the effects of two variables cross, you have _______. Answers: an interaction effect no interaction effect possibly an interaction effect an effect that cannot be determined

an interaction effect

You wish to examine the impact of two different types of music (pop music and jazz music) and pet food served (wet food and dry food) on how often cats glare at their owners. Which of the following tests is appropriate to use? Answers: factorial ANOVA t-test for dependent samples t-test for independent samples one-way ANOVA

factorial ANOVA

When analysis of data reveals a difference between levels of a factor, what is this called? Answers: interaction effect factor effect level effect main effect

main effect

The factorial ANOVA is used when you have ______. Answers: one independent variable more than one independent variable two dependent variables two or more dependent variables

more than one independent variable

When plotted on a graph, if the lines representing the effects of two variables are parallel, you have _______. Answers: an interaction effect no interaction effect possibly an interaction effect an effect that cannot be determined

no interaction effect

You wish to examine the impact of three different types of wall paint colors (blue, green, and yellow) on how often toddlers cry. Which of the following tests is appropriate to use? Answers: factorial ANOVA t-test for dependent samples t-test for independent samples one-way ANOVA

one-way ANOVA

Which of the following is the correct formula for calculating the degrees of freedom for a one-sample chi-square?

r-1

In the main effect F(1,9) = 1.67, p = .229, what does F stand for? Answers: the level of significance the critical value the F value the F statistic

the F statistic

In the main effect F(1,9) = 1.67, p = .229, what is .229? Answers: the obtained value the critical value the correlation the level of significance

the level of significance

The number of main effects is equal to:

the number of independent variables

In the main effect F(1,9) = 1.67, p = .229, what is 1.67? Answers: the obtained value the critical value the level of significance the correlation

the obtained value

How many null hypotheses are associated with a two-way ANOVA? Answers: one two three four

three

This is another name for the factorial ANOVA:

two-way analysis of variance