Chapters 6-13
Which of the following is an advantage of client-server architectures? They are scalable They can support different types of systems It is easy to separate different logic functions Reliability -1, 2, 3 and 4 -1, 3 and 4 only -2, 3 and 4 only -1, 2 and 4 only -1, 2, and 3 only
1, 2, 3 and 4
A process model is an informal way of showing the external entities, event triggers, inputs and outputs.
False
Alpha and beta tests are part of systems testing True False
False
Kohl's department stores have sub-divided the United States into twelve regions. Nancy has taken the lead on training users in a new accounting system. In order to get Nancy to train accounting users in each region, the implementation will be staggered from one region to the next as the staff receives their training. This is called 'pilot conversion'.
False
The logical ERD contains the same components for both the logical and physical models, including entities, relationships, and attributes. The difference lies in the fact that logical ERDs contain references to exactly how data will be stored in a file or database table and that much more metadata is added to the CASE repository to describe the data model components.
False
Coupling involves how closely modules are interrelated, and the second guideline for good structure chart design states that modules should be loosely coupled. In this way, modules are independent from each other, which keeps code changes in one module from rippling throughout the program. True False
True
Managing the change to a new information system—whether or not it is computerized—is one of the most difficult tasks in any organization.
True
Physical ERD contains the same components for both the logical and physical models, including entities, relationships, and attributes. The difference lies in the fact that physical ERDs contain references to exactly how data will be stored in a file or database table and that much more metadata is added to the CASE repository to describe the data model components. True False
True
The primary actor, in a Use Case, can refer to a person, another software system, or hardware device that interacts with the system and initiates the event to which the system responds.
True
Objective of architecture design is to determine_______________.
What parts of the application software system will be assigned to what hardware components.
In the context of ERDs, Modality refers to:
Whether an entity can exist with or without a related instance in the related entity
Drawing an entity relationship diagram (ERD) is __________. A. an iterative process B. a sequential process C. a user-defined process D. a well-defined prterm-2ocess E. a process defined by five steps
an iterative process
Major architectural components of any system are hardware and software. Which of the following is NOT one of the four basic functions of software architecture?
client computers
In a structure chart, the element that communicates that a message or a system flag is being passed from one module to another is known as a(n) _____.
control couple
Which of the following are steps in moving from a logical process model to a physical process model? Add implementation references. Using the existing logical DFD, add the way in which the data stores, data flows, and processes will be implemented to each component. Draw a human-machine boundary. Draw a line to separate the automated parts of the system from the manual parts. Change entities to tables or files. Beginning with the logical ERD, change the entities to tables or files and update the metadata.
1 and 2 only
Which of the following is true about a JAD facilitator?
1 and 3 only
Jack is developing an ERD for a small dental practice office patient record system. The dental practice has three dentists, six hygienists, and many patients. A patient is always assigned to the same dentist for all appointments. In particular, he is working on the relationship between dentists and patients. The relationship should be: -1 to 1, with a modality of null -1 to many with a modality of null -Many to many with a modality of not null -1 to many with a modality of not null -Many to many with a modality of null
1 to many with a modality of not null
Which of the following would be considered valid reasons to choose an outsourcing system acquisition strategy? The business need is not core to the business. In‐house functional or technical experience does not exist. The decision to outsource is a strategic decision 2 and 3 only 1, 2, and 3 3 only 1 and 3 only 1 and 2 only
1, 2, and 3
Unit tests focus on:
A single program or a program module
The three types of basic processes on a process model are:
Afferent, central, and efferent processes
In the context of client-server architecture, thick clients contain: -Almost all of the data logic -Enormous storage abilities -Almost none or less than half of the application logic -Almost all or most of the application logic -Almost all of the data logic and data storage
Almost all or most of the application logic
Austin is a systems analyst. Which of the follow people might be the most valuable to him in developing a use case for an accounts payable system upgrade?
Amy, a team manager in the accounts payable department
Outsourcing firms called _____________ supply software applications and/or software related services through the Internet -Information Technology Developers (ITDs) -Application Service Providers (ASPs) -Enterprise Resource Providers (ERPs) -System Development Life Cycle Companies (SDLCs)
Application Service Providers (ASPs)
By definition, external entities on the data flow diagram (DFD):
Are outside the scope of the system
A systems analyst is preparing an economic feasibility study. She is calculating the payback period. She is calculating:
Break-even point
Which would likely be an entity on a car insurance ERD? -Fire District -Date -Gender -Company -Car
Car
Systems Integration refers to: -Combining multiple disparate software solutions such as packaged software, an existing legacy system, new software, and cloud-enabled SaaS components -The process of synching all computers to the mainframe -Creating a new software to monitor power consumption -The delivery of systems to the final destination office -Adding the original hard disk drives to a newer physical storage system
Combining multiple disparate software solutions such as packaged software, an existing legacy system, new software, and cloud-enabled SaaS components
Which of the following will probably NOT be at a system walk-through?
Computer Center Director
Which of the following is normally NOT done in the design phase of the SDLC? -User interactions are planned out (inputs, outputs, user interfaces) -Cost / Benefits of the new system are carefully calculated -The physical data model is created -Decisions for hardware and software purchases are made -Logical DFDs and ERDs are converted into physical DFDs and ERDs
Cost / Benefits of the new system are carefully calculated
A sample access control requirement would be:
Customer service reps can modify customer files but not delete them
Which of the following lists indicates the correct ordering of deliverables in a system specification document?
Data Storage Design, Interface Design, Architecture Design, Updated Crud Matrix
On an ERD _________________: -Data elements are listed together and placed inside boxes called entities. -Data elements are listed alphabetically with a cross listing to the processes that manipulate them -Processes are listed alphabetically with relationship connections drawn between processes -Data elements are grouped in a hierarchical structure that is uniquely identified by number -Data elements are described as singular (1:1); plurals (1:N); or didactic (M:N)
Data elements are listed together and placed inside boxes called entities.
On test plans: -Each member of the project team, plus all developers (programmers) must identify one specific application that they will test -Each individual test has a specific objective and describes a set of very specific test cases to examine -Only the master project manager tests, and only after all coding has been completed in what is called the "Omega" test -Each user must contribute to the specific goals of the test plan -The use of multiple choice options has been shown to effectively assess to a 99.9% accuracy rate
Each individual test has a specific objective and describes a set of very specific test cases to examine
Entity Relationship Diagrams (ERDs) and Data Flow Diagrams (DFDs) are two techniques for process modeling. True False
False
Projects can be classified by: size, cost, purpose, length, programming language and hardware platform
False
The Design phase of the SDLC uses the requirements that were gathered during the analysis phase to actually build (and code if necessary) the final system. True False
False
The process by which a new information system is introduced into the organization is called the integration strategy. True False
False
Use cases are the same as process diagrams.
False
When changing logical process models to physical process models, you will want to change entities to tables or files. True False
False
When converting a logical ERD into a physical data model, you will want to specify both primary keys and international keys. True False
False
What is/are the disadvantage(s) associated with n-tiered architecture?
Great load on the network and it is more difficult to program and test software
System design is the determination of the overall system architecture-consisting of a set of physical processing components, _______________, and the communication among them-that will satisfy the system's essential requirements. -Order entry methods, HR feedback -Engineering data plans, fiber optic specifications -Hardware, Software, People -None of those specified -Workmanship
Hardware, Software, People
As a structure chart is constructed, it is generally best to build modules with: -High cohesion -A high level of coincidental cohesion -Have the word "and" in the module title -High fan-outterm-70 -Highly coupled
High cohesion
Which of the following is NOT a general function of any application program? -Data storage -Linked list modules -Application logic -Presentation logic -Data access logic
Linked list modules
This type of file contains static values, typically a list of values used for validation. -Intelligent file -Audit file -Archive file -Transaction file -Look-up file
Look-up file
Anthony is working on the cardinality of doctors and patients in a large urban hospital. With the large number of doctors with varying specialties and patients that may have more than one aliment, he thinks the relationship might be noted as: A. 1 to 1 B. Many to many C. Many to 1 D. 1 to 2 E. 1 to many
Many to many
In the context of data storage design, this type of file stores 'core information that is important to the business' and for the application (such as order information or customer mailing information). -Audit files -History files -Intelligent files -Transaction files -Master files
Master files
Integration testing focuses on ___________; while system tests focus on _______________. -End-users acceptance; project sponsor acceptance -Black-box tests; white-box tests -DFDs; ERDs -Beta tests; alpha tests -Modules working together; meeting business requirements
Modules working together; meeting business requirements
This is a type of database that is designed to store aggregated data (e.g. totaled or averaged) across many records (e.g. "What was the average sales by quarter for product A?") -Relational database -Multidimensional database -Object-oriented database -Legacy database -NoSQL database
Multidimensional database
Which of the following would NOT be categorized as a NoSQL database? -Graph databases -Document-oriented databases -Multidimensional databases -Wide-column stores -Extensible record stores
Multidimensional databases
During the implementation phase of the System Development Lifecycle (SDLC): -None of the proposed answers -Analysts will write programs -Project managers will convert logical ERDs into physical DFDs -Programmers will develop user interfaces -Project Sponsors will do the data management design
None of the proposed answers
When normalizing data models, if you take attributes that have multiple values for a single instance of an entity and create separate entities for those attributes you are moving from: A. Dependent normal form (DNF) to Independent normal form (INF) B. 2nd normal form (2NF) to 3rd normal form (3NF) C. 1st normal form (1NF) to 2nd normal form (2NF) D. O normal form to 1st normal form (1NF) E. Generalized normal form (GNF) to fully normalized form (FNF)
O normal form to 1st normal form (1NF)
Client-server architecture holds the client responsible for_____ and server is only responsible for _____.
Presentation Logic; Data Access Logic and Data Storage
Which of the following is NOT true? -Analysts can use structure charts to design programming logic -Analysts can build in the three structures of sequence, selection and iteration into structure charts -Analysts design programs in the design phase of the SDLC, programmers code programs in the Implementation phase -Programmers can take the logical DFDs and directly implement into code by compiling the metadata in the CASE tools -Physical DFDs show additional details, such as what tables in the database replace data stores on the logical DFD
Programmers can take the logical DFDs and directly implement into code by compiling the metadata in the CASE tools
In the context of system design, for efficiency purposes, it is wise to___________ when there is a basic software need to be satisfied. -Utilize a professional consultant to develop a system of servers -Implement a company-wide project team to handle a custom software scripting -Make do with the current software solution -Design a blueprint and contract an outside vendor to develop a program -Purchase a packaged system
Purchase a packaged system
If on a limited time budget, the best way to be sure you remain efficient and effective in designing a system is to utilize the ____________.
Rapid Application Development (RAD) and Timeboxing Techniques
Lines on an ERD diagram indicate: A. Plurality of data items B. Hierarchies between processes C. Relationships among the data D. Uniqueness of data items E. Primary keys
Relationships among the data
A systems analyst is preparing an economic feasibility study. She has a calculation where she takes total benefits minus total costs and divides that answer by the total costs. She is calculating:
Return on investment (ROI)
Operational requirements of a system include all of the following, except: -Technical Environment -Portability -System Integration -Maintainability -Scalability
Scalability
If the logical data model contains attribute values that depend on an attribute that is not the identifier, then it is in __________.
Second normal form (2NF)
Not all program modules are likely to be finished at the same time, so the programmer usually writes _______ for the unfinished modules to enable the modules around them to be tested. -Temporary modules -Placeholder modules -Stubs -End modules -By-passes
Stubs
In the initial stage of design, what are business requirements converted into? -System Requirements -Hardware Blueprint -Work Order Summary -Computer Qualifications Checklist -Vanilla System
System Requirements
This type of testing tests the exchange of data with other systems because data transfers between systems are often automated and not monitored directly. -System interface testing -Use scenario testing -Data flow testing -White-box testing -User interface testing
System interface testing
Andrew, an analyst for PaxMedia Inc., has just learned that the business rules for a system he has been working on have changed. This means that _____. -The ERD data model will have to be put on hold while new DFD diagrams are created -Andrew will be reassigned to a different project that is in its beginning stages The project will have to be scrapped and restarted -The ERD components will have to be changed -Nothing - once the ERD data models have been drawn, they are 'frozen' for the system
The ERD components will have to be changed
Main difference between the Parallel Development Methodology and the Iterative Development Methodology is that:
The Parallel Methodology will have subprojects and the Iterative Methodology will have various releases
What SDLC stage do we determine the business needs for an information systems project? -The dissection phase -The analysis phase -The planning phase -The implementation phase -The design phase
The analysis phase
Which of the following is NOT true about ERDs? -ERD's are data modeling techniques -Similar kinds of information are listed together in entities -The diagrams are drawn in a sequential order - from top to bottom -Lines are drawn to show relationships among the data -Special symbols are added to show high-level business rules
The diagrams are drawn in a sequential order - from top to bottom
An n-tiered architecture is distinguished by: -The number of drives installed -The number of clients on the network -Clients and servers stacked in vertical tiers. -The number of specialized server computers -The number of logics on the local server
The number of specialized server computers
The term "bug" in software came from: -The acronym BUG - for binary unknown glitch -The story of a moth getting caught inside an early computer -No one knows the reason -An English translation of the word for defect in German -Noe of the proposed answers
The story of a moth getting caught inside an early computer
The term "bug" in software came from: -The acronym BUG - for binary unknown glitch -The story of a moth getting caught inside an early computer -No one knows the reason -An English translation of the word for defect in German Noe of the proposed answers
The story of a moth getting caught inside an early computer
Which of the following would NOT be considered a valid reason to choose a custom development system acquisition strategy?
The time frame is short
Which of the following would NOT be considered a valid reason to choose a custom development system acquisition strategy?
There is a desire to build in‐house skills
Which is NOT true of Structure Charts when designing programs?
They are generally implemented with control flags that pass from the control modules to the subordinate modules
Which is NOT true of structure charts? -They show selection -They show the user interface -They show sequence -They emphasize structure and reusability -They show couples
They show the user interface
The goal of acceptance testing is: -To confirm that the system is complete and meets the business needs -That modules and units work together with each other -To verify that the use-cases, ERDs and DFD's have been properly converted -That the databases are properly organized for both efficiency in storage and access -That both black-box and white-box tests have been approved by upper management
To confirm that the system is complete and meets the business needs
In the context of data storage design, this type of file is used to update a master file: -Look-up File -Master File -Audit File -Roster file -Transaction file
Transaction file
As a system acquisition strategy, outsourcing requires the least in-house resources. True Falseterm-26
True
Change management is the process of helping people adjust to the new system and its new work processes without undue stress. True False
True
Cohesion refers to how well the lines of code within each structure chart module relate to each other. Ideally, a module should perform only one task, making it highly cohesive. True False
True
External entities are a person, organization, or system that is external to the system, but interacts with it.
True
In interviews, Ross has learned that the new order entry system must be available in at least three formats (mobile, web browser, and local area network based); that it must function in either English or Spanish; and that the system must return order forms and data in less than 2 seconds. He recognizes these as nonfunctional requirements.
True
In planning the transition from an "as‐is system" to a " to‐be system", a migration plan is established that encompasses activities to prepare for the technical and business transition, and to prepare the people for the transition. True False
True
The logical entity relationship diagram (ERD) depicts the "business view" of the data; and omits implementation details. True False
True
The most common way to gather information for use cases are through requirements determination techniques such as interviews and JAD.
True
The normal order of processes would be: requirements gathering, use case development, process modeling (data flow diagrams).
True
When creating the physical data flow diagram (DFD), you may want to capture system information like date and time of update and user-id of the person who did the update. True False
True
An example of a capacity requirement would be: -Response time must be <2.8 seconds for any transactions -Typical transactions will require the transmission of 300 K of data -The systems uptime will be 99% -Orders will be transmitted to the factory floor every 3 minutes
Typical transactions will require the transmission of 300 K of data
Acceptance tests are done primarily by: -Users -Project Managers -Developers -Systems Analysts -Programmers
Users
The term in the computing domain which refers to the creation of devices or storage with the use of software and not hardware is: -Encryption -Alternative Devices -n-tiered software -Dynamic Creation -Virtualization
Virtualization
This planning approach for good relational database performance involves estimating the amount or raw data that will be stored in tables on a physical hardware device, plus some overhead space for use by the relational database management system. -Econometrics -Space estimation -Volumetrics -Moving averages -Correlation
Volumetrics
In the context of an ERD, Independent entities are: -When a child requires attributes from the parent -When an entity can exist without the help of another entity -Where the entity identifier is also the primary key -When there is only one entity for a data process model -When an entity comes from an external source (aka 'external entity')
When an entity can exist without the help of another entity
Which of the following would NOT likely be an entity on a car insurance ERD? -Zip code -Car -Customer -Agent -Policy
Zip code
Primary hardware components of a system are -servers and networks that connect them -input and output devices, CPUs, and storage devices -CPUs and storage devices -client computers, servers, and networks that connect them. -input and output devices and servers.
client computers, servers, and networks that connect them.
Which of the following is NOT one of the four basic functions of software systems? -data access logic -client-server logic -presentation logic -application logic -data storage
client-server logic
Which of the following is NOT one of the formats shown in a structure chart? -sequence -data flows -iteration -selection
data flows
Major architectural components of any system are the___________. -IT department staff -hardware and software -IT department staff, hardware, software, processes, and data -IT department staff, hardware, and software -processes and data
hardware and software
Reusable modules, which are represented in the structure chart as rectangles with vertical lines on both sides, may often appear several times in a structure chart. These are called _____ modules. -loop -conditional -subordinate -library -control
library
There are two symbols that describe special types of control in a structure chart. They are a curved arrow and a diamond. These symbols represent _____ and _____. -control, subordinate -loop, connector -connector, conditional line -library module, conditional line -loop, conditional line
loop, conditional line
The most prevalent type of database used in application development today is the:
relational database
