Chapters 7-11 Review

Though the trade and sale of slaves continued to be legal inside the U.S. until the Civil War, the "slave trade," the importation of slaves from Africa or any other foreign locale, was made illegal in a. 1808. b. 1809. c. 1812. d. 1815. e. None of these answers is correct.

a. 1808.

One actual slave revolt that resulted in numerous white deaths in the nineteenth-century South was led by a. Nat Turner. b. Denmark Vesey. c. Gabriel Prosser. d. Frederick Douglass. e. Harriet Tubman.

a. Nat Turner.

The commercial and industrial growth in the United States prior to 1860 resulted in a. increasing disparities in income between the rich and poor. b. a significant rise in income for nearly all Americans. c. decreasing disparities in income between the rich and poor. d. a significant decrease in income for nearly all Americans. e. None of these answers is correct.

a. increasing disparities in income between the rich and poor.

The Massachusetts court case of Commonwealth v. Hunt (1842) declared that a. labor unions were lawful organizations. b. labor strikes were illegal. c. child labor laws were unconstitutional. d. minimum wage laws were a restraint on trade. e. unions must admit working women as members.

a. labor unions were lawful organizations.

In the 1820s and 1830s, railroads a. played a relatively small role in the nation's transportation system. b. standardized both the gauge of tracks and timetables. c. saw their greatest development in the southern slave states. d. became the dominant form of transportation in the nation. e. had not yet been constructed in America.

a. played a relatively small role in the nation's transportation system.

In the early nineteenth century, school education was largely the responsibility of a. private institutions. b. the states. c. individual cities and towns. d. the federal government. e. individual parents.

a. private institutions.

Between 1820 and 1840, the population of the United States a. rapidly grew, in part due to improved public health. b. saw the proportion of enslaved blacks to free whites increase. c. increased at a slower rate than the populations of Europe. d. remained relatively constant. e. grew in spite of a very low birth rate in America.

a. rapidly grew, in part due to improved public health.

In his doctrine of nullification, John C. Calhoun argued that a. states were the final authority on the constitutionality of federal laws. b. all laws related to a state's economic development should come from that state. c. states, not Congress, should ratify amendments to the Constitution. d. there should not be a federal court system. e. a state could not impose tariffs and levies on goods made in a neighboring state.

a. states were the final authority on the constitutionality of federal laws.

The rapid growth of the Northwest and Southwest led to which of the following in the immediate aftermath of the War of 1812? a. the admission of four new states to the Union. b. the breakout of two major wars between federal forces and united Indian tribes. c. the establishment of two large territories in the West with provincial governments. d. the development of a new Western-expansion political party that pushed for secession from the United States. e. a rapid reduction in the political popularity of slavery in the South.

a. the admission of four new states to the Union.

In the War of 1812, the Battle of New Orleans a. took place weeks after the war had officially ended. b. saw inexperienced British troops face battle-hardened American forces. c. resulted in hundreds of American deaths. d. saw the British lay siege to the city for nearly a month. e. gave the British control of the Mississippi River.

a. took place weeks after the war had officially ended.

President Martin Van Buren's "subtreasury" system a. was a financial system to replace the Bank of the United States. b. created a new national bank. c. never became law. d. quickly failed. e. did not pass until his successor's administration.

a. was a financial system to replace the Bank of the United States.

In the 1820s, under Nicholas Biddle, the Bank of the United States a. was financially sound and profitable. b. exercised little influence on state banks. c. restricted credit to growing enterprises. d. prohibited the existence of state banks. e. had to borrow credit from state banks to stay afloat.

a. was financially sound and profitable.

The early union movement among skilled artisans a. was weakened by the Panic of 1837. b. was generally supported by state governments. c. attempted to create one collective national trade union. d. welcomed working women as members. e. was strengthened by the influx of immigrant laborers.

a. was weakened by the Panic of 1837.

Between 1840 and 1860, the overwhelming majority of immigrants who arrived in the United States came from a. Italy and Russia. b. Ireland and Germany. c. England and Russia. d. England and Ireland. e. Ireland and Italy.

b. Ireland and Germany.

The "Trail of Tears" traveled by the Cherokees led them to the area that later became a. Texas. b. Oklahoma. c. Missouri. d. New Mexico. e. Nevada.

b. Oklahoma.

Which of the following statements about American currency and banking in this era is FALSE? a. Counterfeiting was a serious problem. b. The national bank forbade state banks from issuing their own notes. c. Congress re-chartered the Bank of the United States in 1816. d. Vast quantities of varying bank notes created confusion over currency. e. The second Bank of the United States had more capital than its predecessor.

b. The national bank forbade state banks from issuing their own notes.

Which of the following statements regarding urban slavery is FALSE? a. Some urban slaves were skilled trade workers. b. Urban slaves were prohibited from having contact with free blacks. c. Urban slaves were less supervised than rural slaves. d. Urban slaves in the South had little working competition from European immigrants. e. The line between slavery and freedom in cities was less distinct.

b. Urban slaves were prohibited from having contact with free blacks.

According to Andrew Jackson's theory of democracy, a. there should be one national political party. b. all white male citizens should be treated equally. c. all white Americans should eventually be given the vote. d. slavery should not extend into the West. e. the South and West deserved special privileges as growing areas.

b. all white male citizens should be treated equally.

In the 1820s, John C. Calhoun proposed his doctrine of nullification a. to reduce the political power of Andrew Jackson. b. as an alternative to possible secession. c. as a means to end the national bank. d. to support trade tariffs. e. to counter the growing influence of abolitionism in

b. as an alternative to possible secession.

Prior to 1860, hostility among native-born Americans toward immigrants was spurred, in part, by a. the refusal by immigrants to adapt to American culture. b. fears of political radicalism. c. the ability of immigrants to command high wages. d. concerns that immigrants generally did not participate in politics. e. the effect they had on the falling price of African slaves.

b. fears of political radicalism.

By 1860, the textile manufacturing sector of the American South a. was nonexistent. b. had increased threefold in value over the previous twenty years. c. had declined in value throughout the 1840s and 1850s. d. was equal to one-third of the value of cotton exported that year. e. had come to dominate the South's economy.

b. had increased threefold in value over the previous twenty years.

By 1828, in all but one state, presidential electors were chosen by a. state legislatures. b. popular vote. c. lottery. d. Congress. e. state governors.

b. popular vote.

During the 1840s, advances in journalism included all of the following EXCEPT the a. creation of a national cooperative news-gathering organization. b. technological means to reproduce photographs in newsprint. c. invention of the steam cylinder rotary press. d. introduction of the telegraph system. e. dramatic growth of mass-circulation newspapers.

b. technological means to reproduce photographs in newsprint.

During the administration of James Monroe, a. all cabinet positions were filled by New Englanders. b. the Federalist Party in effect ceased to exist. c. Henry Clay became secretary of war. d. his vice president was charged with corruption. e. John C. Calhoun served as secretary of state.

b. the Federalist Party in effect ceased to exist.

The Rush-Bagot agreement of 1817 called for a. the joint occupation of Oregon by France and the United States. b. the mutual disarmament of the Great Lakes by Britain and the United States. c. France to pull out of the fur trade in the Great Lakes region. d. a general trade agreement between the United States and France. e. Spain to give up its claim to Florida, in exchange for navigation rights on the Mississippi.

b. the mutual disarmament of the Great Lakes by Britain and the United States.

In 1830, President Andrew Jackson vetoed a federal subsidy to the proposed Maysville Road, because a. he sought to demonstrate his presidential power at a time when it was being questioned. b. the road was not a part of any system of interstate commerce. c. the subsidy was to be paid-for out of tariff revenue, which he opposed. d. he thought the proposal might jeopardize his bid for reelection. e. he thought it would upset the balance created by the Missouri Compromise nine years earlier.

b. the road was not a part of any system of interstate commerce.

The Daniel Webster-Robert Hayne debate of 1830 was begun by a political dispute over a. the value of the two-party system. b. the sale of public land. c. slavery. d. trade with England. e. relations with Indian tribes.

b. the sale of public land.

The desire by American southerners to acquire Florida a. led to war between the United States and Spain in 1812. b. was partly motivated by the number of runaway slaves who escaped there. c. was intended to reduce the presence of the British in America. d. was unfulfilled until the 1830s. e. was fervently attacked by leaders such as Henry Clay and John C. Calhoun.

b. was partly motivated by the number of runaway slaves who escaped there.

Prior to 1860, southern women differed from northern women in that they a. tended to have more formal education. b. were expected to be more subordinate to men. c. had fewer children. d. generally had a lesser engagement in the economic life of the family. e. were more likely to take a role in public activities.

b. were expected to be more subordinate to men.

Which statement about the 1842 Webster-Ashburton Treaty is FALSE? a. It settled the Aroostook War. b. It resulted in more than half the disputed territory being added to the United States. c. It included an American pledge not to allow slave ships to land at British ports. d. It included a British pledge not to interfere with American ships. e. It significantly improved Anglo-American relations.

c. It included an American pledge not to allow slave ships to land at British ports.

In 1810, the Non-Intercourse Act expired and was replaced by a. the Harrison Land Law. b. "Peaceable Coercion." c. Macon's Bill No. 2. d. the Tallmadge Amendment. e. Madison's embargo.

c. Macon's Bill No. 2.

In the War of 1812, Britain turned its full military attention to America after a. Napoleon's defeat at Waterloo. b. Napoleon's incarceration at Elba. c. Napoleon's catastrophic campaign against Russia. d. the American invasion of Canada. e. the American raid and burning of York.

c. Napoleon's catastrophic campaign against Russia.

In the years after the War of 1812, support for the idea of political parties was greatest in a. Virginia. b. New Jersey. c. New York. d. Rhode Island. e. Pennsylvania.

c. New York.

Of the "Five Civilized Tribes," the tribe that best resisted the pressures of removal was the a. Creek. b. Choctaw. c. Seminole. d. Chickasaw. e. Cherokee.

c. Seminole.

Which of the following is true of American slave families in the antebellum South? a. A child of a slave could not be sold after he or she had reached three years of age. b. Blacks typically had weaker family ties than did whites, due to the uncertainties of their lives. c. Up to one-third of families were broken apart by the sale of family members. d. Most slaves who ran away did so to avoid punishment. e. Newly arrived slaves to a plantation were often shunned by the black community.

c. Up to one-third of families were broken apart by the sale of family members.

President Andrew Jackson sought to apply his democratic principles by first targeting a. the wealthy New England aristocracy. b. the southern planter class. c. federal officeholders. d. his Whig opponents. e. the Five Civilized Tribes.

c. federal officeholders.

In 1832, supporters of President Jackson held a national convention in order to a. force the opposition to make their case in public. b. bring more public attention to their candidate. c. have greater control of the nominating process. d. shore up Jackson's shaky support among voters in the Northeast. e. renominate him for the presidency.

c. have greater control of the nominating process.

By 1818, the United States' internal road system a. had been paid for without any federal funds. b. consisted only of a small number of private turnpikes. c. included a national road that reached as far as the Ohio River. d. formed a network that connected most large towns and cities. e. had for the most part been replaced by railroads.

c. included a national road that reached as far as the Ohio River.

The growth of commerce and industry allowed more Americans the chance to become prosperous without a. a professional education. b. producing a product or service. c. owning land. d. capital. e. marrying.

c. owning land.

After Mexico won its independence from Spain in 1821, it a. attempted to close its northern territories to the United States. b. sought cooperative economic and military arrangements with England. c. quickly opened its northern territories to trade with the United States. d. began selling its northern territories to the United States. e. began planning for war against the United States.

c. quickly opened its northern territories to trade with the United States.

The "era of good feelings" following the War of 1812 reflected a. declining violence in the West between the United States and Indian tribes. b. increased political divisions in the United States federal government. c. rising nationalism and optimism in the United States. d. the renewed good relations between the United States and the European continent. e. the need for Americans to band together in the wake of economic depression.

c. rising nationalism and optimism in the United States.

The historian who wrote "The South [prior to the Civil War] grew, but did not develop" meant that a. the southern population increased, but new technology had bypassed the region. b. agriculture remained the leading industry of the South, but the plantation system was declining. c. the South had failed to move from an agrarian to an industrial economy. d. the South had expanded as a geographic region but had developed little prosperity. e. the South had created a prosperous plantation system but had not expanded its borders.

c. the South had failed to move from an agrarian to an industrial economy.

The first of the "Five Civilized Tribes" to be removed to the West, beginning in 1830, was the a. Creek. b. Seminole. c. Chickasaw. d. Choctaw. e. Cherokee.

d. Choctaw.

Which of the following statements regarding the Bank of the United States is FALSE? a. The charter of the Bank was due to expire in 1836. b. Nicholas Biddle had the support of Daniel Webster and Henry Clay. c. The controversy over the Bank became the leading issue in the 1832 election. d. President Jackson ordered the Bank closed before the expiration of its charter. e. President Jackson went through several secretaries of the treasury before finding one who would help him weaken the bank.

d. President Jackson ordered the Bank closed before the expiration of its charter.

By the 1830s, political parties were generally regarded as a. being in the control of special interest factions. b. unnecessary to the political process. c. a dangerous threat to the democratic process. d. a desired and essential part of the democratic process. e. an aberration.

d. a desired and essential part of the democratic process.

The policy most favored by white westerners during the early 1800s was to a. spread the Christian faith among the tribes. b. protect Indians from attacks by white settlers. c. assimilate Indian tribes into white society. d. acquire the land occupied by Indian tribes and move the Indians west. e. preserve disappearing Indian traditions and culture.

d. acquire the land occupied by Indian tribes and move the Indians west.

In the 1830s, the Bank of the United States was opposed by a. "soft-money" advocates. b. "hard-money" advocates. c. Henry Clay. d. both "soft-money" advocates and "hard-money" advocates. e. None of these answers is correct.

d. both "soft-money" advocates and "hard-money" advocates.

In most parts of the North, before the Civil War, free blacks could a. vote. b. attend public schools. c. use public services available to whites. d. compete for menial jobs. e. All these answers are correct.

d. compete for menial jobs.

At the Battle of Horseshoe Bend, in 1814, Andrew Jackson a. was seriously wounded. b. viciously broke the resistance of the Creek. c. captured the city of New Orleans. d. defeated the Spanish at Pensacola. e. turned back the British invasion from the Southwest.

d. defeated the Spanish at Pensacola.

The "spoils system" refers to a. making illegal payoffs to political supporters. b. giving away land taken from Indians to white settlers. c. the destruction of land by overly aggressive settlement. d. giving out jobs as political rewards. e. parceling out federal land to the highest bidder.

d. giving out jobs as political rewards.

In the years after the War of 1812, the "Bucktail" philosophy that favored political parties argued that a. the parties would provide the training ground for candidates. b. a permanent political opposition made parties sensitive to the people's will. c. the present system of government had little effective organization. d. inexperienced political candidates would be less likely to gain office. e. parties could create a broader form of consensus than individual leader

d. inexperienced political candidates would be less likely to gain office.

After the War of 1812, it was clear that the United States needed an improved a. trade policy with Europe. b. system of tariffs. c. system for selling public lands. d. internal transportation system. e. system of currency

d. internal transportation system.

Prior to 1860, free blacks in the South a. were concentrated in the Deep South. b. were required by law to leave the South. c. increased in number in the 1850s, as laws encouraged owners to free "surplus" slaves. d. occasionally attained wealth and prominence and owned slaves themselves. e. avoided urban centers such as New Orleans or Natchez, where they might attract attention.

d. occasionally attained wealth and prominence and owned slaves themselves.

Of the following, the most common form of resistance to slavery was a. group rebellions. b. arson. c. running away. d. subtle defiance. e. poisoning.

d. subtle defiance.

In the 1830 Daniel Webster-Robert Hayne debate, Webster considered Hayne's arguments to be an attack on a. free states. b. the nation's tariff policies. c. President Jackson's leadership. d. the integrity of the Union. e. the institution of slavery.

d. the integrity of the Union.

All the following factors inhibited the growth of labor unions EXCEPT a. the large number of immigrant workers. b. the political strength of industrial capitalists. c. ethnic divisions among workers. d. the question of whether to include women members. e. a lack of labor union size sufficient to stage successful strikes.

d. the question of whether to include women members.

When John C. Calhoun put forth his doctrine of nullification, he was a. a congressman. b. a senator. c. secretary of state. d. vice president. e. governor of South Carolina.

d. vice president.

During the first half of the nineteenth century, the "cotton kingdom" a. was already losing ground to other staples, such as rice and tobacco. b. saw wealthy planters outnumber small planters. c. did not rely on large numbers of slaves imported directly from Africa. d. was the dominant source of the income of the lower South. e. still had not adopted the cotton gin, despite the time and resources that could be saved.

d. was the dominant source of the income of the lower South.

By 1820, American steam-powered shipping a. carried more cargo on the Mississippi than all other forms of river transport combined. b. increased the transport of manufactured goods westward. c. stimulated agriculture in both the West and the South. d. had reached as far up the Ohio River as Pittsburgh. e. All these answers are correct.

e. All these answers are correct.

Today, the oldest political party in the United States is the a. Green Party. b. Socialist Party. c. Libertarian Party. d. Republican Party. e. Democratic Party.

e. Democratic Party.

In the 1820s and 1830s, the labor force for factory work in the United States a. saw many skilled urban artisans move into factory jobs. b. consisted mostly of European immigrants. c. was reduced by dramatic improvements in agricultural production. d. consisted mostly of European immigrants, saw many skilled urban artisans move into factory jobs, and ultimately was reduced by dramatic improvements in agricultural production. e. None of these answers is correct.

e. None of these answers is correct.

When President Jefferson spoke of "loose construction," he was referring to a. interpretation of the Constitution. b. the USS Constitution and its hull form. c. an early method of earthwork fortifications. d. a medical theory compatible with the "humors" theory. e. None of these answers is correct.

e. None of these answers is correct.

The Embargo of 1807 a. was ineffective. b. helped to put a Federalist in the White House in 1808. c. resulted in the Republican loss of control of Congress in 1808. d. was quickly repealed. e. created a serious economic depression in the nation.

e. created a serious economic depression in the nation.

William Henry Harrison a. was, in 1840, the youngest man to win the presidency. b. was a simple frontiersman with little money or resources to his name. c. died before he took office. d. was a Republican. e. had been a soldier and Indian fighter, and was a descendant of the Virginia aristocracy.

e. had been a soldier and Indian fighter, and was a descendant of the Virginia aristocracy.

The rise of the American factory system a. complemented the nation's traditional republican ideals. b. resulted in a rise in the status of skilled artisans among consumers. c. saw the government act to maintain the trades of skilled artisans. d. led some northerners to advocate repealing abolition. e. led to the creation of skilled workingmen's craft societies.

e. led to the creation of skilled workingmen's craft societies.

As a result of the U.S. government's Indian policy in the 1830s and 1840s, a. violence between white Americans and Indian tribes ended. b. all Indian tribes were forced to intermingle on one large reservation. c. new federal attempts were made to assimilate Indian tribes into white society. d. the United States gained control of ten million acres of Indian lands. e. nearly all American Indian societies were removed to west of the Mississippi.

e. nearly all American Indian societies were removed to west of the Mississippi.

Around 1800, higher education in the United States a. served about two percent of the white men in the country. b. began to admit many more poor citizens than before. c. gave access to women, blacks, and Indians. d. was increasingly becoming dominated by public institutions. e. saw the number of colleges and universities growing substantially.

e. saw the number of colleges and universities growing substantially.

To "manumit" means to a. purchase. b. punish. c. work by hand. d. deny. e. set free.

e. set free.

As president, Andrew Jackson believed the power of the federal government a. should be reduced. b. should be expanded. c. was supreme over individual states. d. should be expanded and was supreme over individual states. e. should be reduced, and yet was supreme over individual states.

e. should be reduced, and yet was supreme over individual states.

Although the Supreme Court found in favor of the Cherokee tribes in Cherokee Nation v. Georgia and Worcester v. Georgia, President Jackson decided a. that Georgia could remove the Cherokee tribes if it served the "public good." b. the Cherokee had no right to file a legal claim in U.S. courts. c. the entire process of Indian removal was unconstitutional. d. that the Cherokee tribes could only be removed if they were properly compensated. e. the Court could not enforce the order.

e. the Court could not enforce the order.

In the early nineteenth century, the westward movement of white Americans was encouraged by all of the following EXCEPT for a. the exhaustion of agricultural lands in the East. b. the spread of the plantation system in the South. c. the federal government's policy toward Indian tribes in the West. d. the lure of mineral mining in the mountainous regions of the West. e. the expansion of a slave labor in the South.

e. the expansion of a slave labor in the South.

As a result of the War of 1812, a. politicians spent less time on questions of national economic development. b. American banking was stabilized. c. America's internal transportation system proved its worthiness. d. American shippers experienced a financial boom. e. the growth of American manufacturing was stimulated.

e. the growth of American manufacturing was stimulated.

By the time of the Civil War, cotton constituted nearly ________ of the total export trade of the United States. a. one-fourth b. one-tenth c. one-third d. half e. two-thirds

e. two-thirds

In 1812, Henry Clay and John C. Calhoun could best be described as a. Jeffersonians. b. pacifists. c. secessionists. d. Federalists. e. war hawks.

e. war hawks.

Between 1800 and 1830, immigration to the United States a. was the most significant factor in the nation's population growth. b. consisted mostly of people from southern Europe. c. was at its peak for the century. d. consisted mostly of people from Germany and Russia. e. was not a significant contributor to the national population.

e. was not a significant contributor to the national population.

Southern whites who did not own slaves a. rarely married into the families living on large slave plantations. b. openly opposed the planter elite. c. were forced to move west to maintain a livelihood. d. generally opposed the institution of slavery. e. were largely dependent on the plantation economy.

e. were largely dependent on the plantation economy.

Which of the following statements about the poorest class of white southerners is FALSE? a. They often felt affinity with slaves as members of another oppressed class. b. They were known variously as "crackers" or "sand hillers." c. They supported themselves by foraging or hunting. d. They suffered from pellagra, hookworm, and malaria. e. They were forced to resort at times to eating clay.

a. They often felt affinity with slaves as members of another oppressed class.

Regarding education, early-nineteenth-century Republicans favored a. a nationwide system of free public schools for all male citizens. b. the federal government paying the costs of primary schools. c. private schools as the primary institutions of learning. d. the practice that only the children of elite families received an education. e. free college education for all white male citizens of the republic.

a. a nationwide system of free public schools for all male citizens.

In an attempt to end the nullification crisis, President Andrew Jackson in 1833 a. authorized the use of military force to see the acts of Congress were obeyed. b. raised the "tariff of abominations." c. threatened to arrest supporters of nullification. d. agreed to give a larger share of federal authority to the states. e. acceded to John C. Calhoun's demands.

a. authorized the use of military force to see the acts of Congress were obeyed.

During the War of 1812, the Hartford Convention a. was a gathering of strong supporters of the war. b. saw its participants vote to secede from the United States. c. struck a virtual death blow to the Federalist Party. d. sought to strengthen the political influence of the South and West. e. aimed to create a new political party, called the Whigs.

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The slave codes of the American South a. defined anyone with a trace of African ancestry as black. b. legalized slave marriages. c. were rigidly enforced. d. considered it a crime for an owner to kill a slave. e. banned blacks from attending church.

a. defined anyone with a trace of African ancestry as black.