Chapters 7-12 quizzes
With proper technique, you and your partner should be able to safely lift a patient who weighs up to ______ lb. 150 175 190 220
220
The goal of oxygenation for most patients is an oxygen saturation of: 100% 94% to 99% 90% to 94% 88% to 90%
94% to 99%
Treatment and transport priorities at the scene of a mass-casualty incident should be determined after: Select one: A. a physician arrives at the scene. B. area hospitals have been notified. C. all the patients have been triaged. D. the number of patients is known.
C. all the patients have been triaged.
When you shine a light into one pupil, the normal reaction of the other pupil should be to: Select one: A. become larger. B. not react. C. become smaller. D. dilate.
C. become smaller.
Pulmonary edema and impaired ventilation occur during: Select one: A. anaphylactic shock. B. septic shock. C. cardiogenic shock. D. neurogenic shock.
C. cardiogenic shock.
A patient who is suspected of being hypoxic and is breathing adequately should be given supplemental oxygen with a: Select one: A. nasal cannula. B. bag-valve mask. C. nonrebreathing mask. D. mouth-to-mask device.
C. nonrebreathing mask.
Secondary sexual development occurs during _________________. early adulthood school age adolescence middle adulthood
adolescence
In the presence of oxygen, the cells convert glucose into energy through a process called: perfusion. respiration. aerobic metabolism. anaerobic metabolism.
aerobic metabolism.
Cardiogenic shock may result from all of the following, EXCEPT: heart attack. increased afterload. increased preload. poor contractility.
increased preload.
What is the normal pulse rate for an infant? 80-100 beats per minute 100-160 beats per minute 60-80 beats per minute 160-200 beats per minute
100-160 beats per minute
An adult at rest should have a respiratory rate that ranges between: 8 and 15 breaths/min. 10 and 18 breaths/min. 12 and 20 breaths/min. 16 and 24 breaths/min.
12 and 20 breaths/min.
The normal respiratory rate for an adult should range from: 10 to 12 breaths per minute. 12 to 20 breaths per minute. 18 to 24 breaths per minute. 24 to 28 breaths per minute.
12 to 20 breaths per minute.
You arrive at a residence approximately 20 minutes after a 7-year-old boy, who weighs 22 kg, ingested a bottle of Advil. He is conscious and alert and has stable vital signs. Medical control orders you to administer activated charcoal and then transport the child at once. The appropriate maximum dose of activated charcoal for this child is: 11 g. 22 g. 36 g. 44 g.
44 g.
With the flowmeter set at 6 L/min, the nasal cannula will deliver up to _______ oxygen. 14% 24% 34% 44%
44%
A patient in unstable condition should be reassessed at least every: 5 minutes. 10 minutes. 15 minutes. 20 minutes.
5 minutes.
The pulse rate of a child from ages 6 to 12 years is approximately: 60 to 100 beats/min. 70 to 120 beats/min. 90 to 140 beats/min. 100 to 150 beats/min.
70 to 120 beats/min.
At present, the average life expectancy is ________ years, while the maximum life expectancy is estimated at ________ years. 68, 100 70, 102 72, 110 78, 120
78, 120
The low normal systolic blood pressure for a 30-year-old is: 60 mm Hg. 70 mm Hg. 80 mm Hg. 90 mm Hg.
90 mm Hg
Which of the following patients is in decompensated shock? A 20-year-old female with absent radial pulses and dilated pupils A 23-year-old restless male with cool, clammy skin and tachycardia A 28-year-old female with pale skin and rapid, shallow respirations A 32-year-old male with anxiety and a systolic blood pressure of 110 mm Hg
A 20-year-old female with absent radial pulses and dilated pupils
Which of the following patients would MOST likely require insertion of an oropharyngeal airway? A 33-year-old semiconscious patient with reduced tidal volume A 40-year-old unconscious patient with slow, shallow respirations A 51-year-old confused patient with severely labored respirations A 64-year-old conscious patient with rapid and deep respirations
A 40-year-old unconscious patient with slow, shallow respirations
Which of the following patients does NOT have signs of an altered mental status? A patient with an acute allergic reaction and dizziness A diabetic who opens his eyes when you ask questions A patient with a head injury who is slow to answer questions A patient who overdosed and moans when he is touched
A patient with an acute allergic reaction and dizziness
When assessing a patient with signs and symptoms of shock, it is important to remember that: Select one: A. blood pressure may be the last measurable factor to change in shock. B. multiple fractures are the most common cause of hypovolemic shock. C. the patient's respirations are deep during the early stages of shock. D. irreversible shock often responds well to a prompt blood transfusion.
A. blood pressure may be the last measurable factor to change in shock.
The nasopharyngeal airway is MOST beneficial because it: Select one: A. can maintain a patent airway in a semiconscious patient with a gag reflex. B. is generally well tolerated in conscious patients with an intact gag reflex. C. effectively maintains the airway of a patient in cardiopulmonary arrest. D. can effectively stabilize fractured nasal bones if it is inserted properly.
A. can maintain a patent airway in a semiconscious patient with a gag reflex.
Which of the following statements regarding the metered-dose inhaler (MDI) is correct? MDIs are contraindicated for patients with asthma or emphysema. MDIs are most commonly used by patients with cardiovascular disease. An MDI delivers the same amount of medication every time it is used. Shaking an MDI prior to use will cause deactivation of the medication.
An MDI delivers the same amount of medication every time it is used.
Which of the following is an anatomic difference between children and adults? The rib cage of an infant is less flexible than an adult's. An infant's tongue is proportionately larger than an adult's. The trachea of an infant is proportionately longer than an adult's. An infant's head accounts for less body weight than an adult's.
An infant's tongue is proportionately larger than an adult's.
Which of the following statements regarding psychosocial development in the adolescent age group is correct? Antisocial behavior and peer pressure peak around 14 to 16 years of age. Family conflict decreases as the adolescent gains control of his or her own life. Adolescents are less fixated on their public image than younger children. Because they think rationally, adolescents are at the lowest risk for suicide.
Antisocial behavior and peer pressure peak around 14 to 16 years of age.
How does CPAP improve oxygenation and ventilation in patients with certain respiratory problems? Select one: A. It prevents alveolar collapse by pushing air into the lungs during inhalation. B. It forces the alveoli open and pushes oxygen across the alveolar membrane. C. It pushes thick, infected pulmonary secretions into isolated areas of the lung. D. It decreases intrathoracic pressure, which allows more room for lung expansion.
B. It forces the alveoli open and pushes oxygen across the alveolar membrane.
Which of the following clinical signs would necessitate the administration of naloxone (Narcan)? Select one: A. Extreme agitation B. Slow respirations C. Tachycardia D. Hypertension
B. Slow respirations
The amount of medication that is given is known as the _________. Select one: A. contraindication B. dose C. indication D. side effect
B. dose
The MOST serious consequence of a poorly planned or rushed patient move is: Select one: A. confusion among team members. B. injury to you or your patient. C. causing patient anxiety or fear. D. unnecessarily wasting time.
B. injury to you or your patient.
In patients with deeply pigmented skin, changes in color may be apparent only in certain areas, such as the: Select one: A. dorsum of the hand. B. lips or oral mucosa. C. back of the neck. D. forehead and face.
B. lips or oral mucosa.
A 19-year-old female is found unconscious by her roommate. Your primary assessment reveals that her breathing is inadequate. As you insert an oropharyngeal airway, she begins to gag violently. You should: Select one: A. select a smaller oropharyngeal airway and attempt to insert it. B. remove the airway and be prepared to suction her oropharynx. C. continue to insert the airway as you suction her oropharynx. D. insert the airway no further but leave it in place as a bite block.
B. remove the airway and be prepared to suction her oropharynx.
Older adults frequently ___________. Select one: A. are able to increase their muscle mass B. take multiple medications C. experience a decrease in body fat as they age D. are unable to overcome medical problems
B. take multiple medications
Atherosclerosis is defined as ________. Select one: A. dilation of the arteries B. the buildup of plaque inside blood vessels C. the blockage of a coronary artery D. constriction of the blood vessels
B. the buildup of plaque inside blood vessels
Which of the following pupillary changes would indicate depressed brain function? Both pupils dilate when a bright light is removed. Both pupils constrict when a bright light is introduced. Both pupils react briskly to light instead of sluggishly. Both pupils dilate with introduction of a bright light.
Both pupils dilate with introduction of a bright light.
A normal systolic blood pressure for a 30-year-old is between: Select one: A. 60 and 120 mm Hg. B. 80 and 120 mm Hg. C. 90 and 140 mm Hg. D. 70 and 140 mm Hg.
C. 90 and 140 mm Hg.
What are the three components of the "perfusion triangle"? Select one: A. Arteries, veins, capillaries B. Plasma, red blood cells, platelets C. Heart, blood vessels, blood D. Heart, brain, lungs
C. Heart, blood vessels, blood
When moving a conscious, weak patient down a flight of stairs, you should: Select one: A. assist the patient in walking down the stairs and place him or her on the wheeled stretcher at the bottom of the stairs. B. secure the patient to a scoop stretcher and carry him or her headfirst down the stairs to the awaiting stretcher. C. place the wheeled stretcher at the bottom of the stairs and carry the patient down the stairs with a stair chair. D. collapse the undercarriage of the wheeled stretcher and carefully carry the patient down the stairs on the stretcher.
C. place the wheeled stretcher at the bottom of the stairs and carry the patient down the stairs with a stair chair.
Which of the following statements regarding middle adults is correct? Cardiovascular health becomes an issue in this age group, as does the greater incidence of cancer. Women in the middle adult age group typically experience menopause in their late 50s or early 60s. Significant impairments in hearing and vision begin to occur in persons between the ages of 41 and 44 years. Increased cholesterol levels in the middle adult age group often do not respond to exercise and diet.
Cardiovascular health becomes an issue in this age group, as does the greater incidence of cancer.
Which of the following is NOT a common factor that would affect a 75-year-old patient's vital signs? Select one: A. Medical conditions B. Medications C. Overall health D. Increased weight
D. Increased weight
Advil, Nuprin, and Motrin are trade names for the generic medication: Select one: A. nitrostat. B. acetaminophen. C. aspirin. D. ibuprofen.
D. ibuprofen.
The respiratory rate of 30 breaths per minute in an infant is ________. Select one: A. too fast B. too slow C. too shallow D. normal
D. normal
Which of the following would NOT cause a decrease in tidal volume? Shallow breathing Deep respirations Irregular breathing Agonal respirations
Deep respirations
Which of the following is a nonhemorrhagic cause of hypovolemic shock? Multi-system trauma Internal bleeding Arterial laceration Diarrhea
Diarrhea
A 56-year-old female is found supine in a narrow hallway of her mobile home. She complains of severe weakness and dizziness, and states that she is unable to walk. There is no evidence of trauma and the patient states that she did not fall. How should you and your partner move this patient to a more spacious area? Direct carry Extremity lift Scoop stretcher Emergency move
Extremity lift
Which of the following is an example of a symptom? Cyanosis Headache Tachycardia Hypertension
Headache
Which of the following statements regarding age-related changes in the nervous system is correct? Interconnections between brain cells often prevent a loss of knowledge or skill, despite a loss of neurons. The metabolic rate in the brain increases with age, but the consumption of oxygen decreases significantly. Generally speaking, the brain increases in size by 10% to 20% by the time a person reaches 80 years of age. Because of a decrease in the number of brain cells, a person's level of intelligence decreases with age.
Interconnections between brain cells often prevent a loss of knowledge or skill, despite a loss of neurons.
Which of the following is the MOST rapidly acting medication administration route? Sublingual (SL) Intravenous (IV) Subcutaneous (SC) Intramuscular (IM)
Intravenous (IV)
How does positive-pressure ventilation affect cardiac output? There is no effect on cardiac output because positive-pressure ventilation is the act of normal breathing. It decreases intrathoracic pressure, which facilitates venous return to the heart and increases cardiac output. It causes pressure in the chest to decrease, which increases stroke volume and cardiac output. It increases intrathoracic pressure, which decreases venous return to the heart and causes a decrease in cardiac output.
It increases intrathoracic pressure, which decreases venous return to the heart and causes a decrease in cardiac output.
Which of the following statements regarding the power lift is correct? It involves using your lower back instead of your legs to lift. The leg muscles should remain relaxed during the power lift. It is the safest and most powerful method of lifting a patient. It is not recommended for people with weak knees or thighs.
It is the safest and most powerful method of lifting a patient.
Which of the following would MOST likely result in hemorrhagic shock? Severe vomiting Liver laceration Excessive sweating Repeated diarrhea
Liver laceration
For which of the following patients is spinal immobilization clearly indicated? Woman who fell from a standing position and has a deformed shoulder Man with an arrow impaled in his leg and no pulse distal to the injury Man who was struck in the head and is now confused and has slurred speech Woman in a minor motor-vehicle collision who complains of severe knee pain
Man who was struck in the head and is now confused and has slurred speech
Which of the following MOST accurately describes the correct position of the EMTs who are executing the diamond carry technique? Two at the head, two at the feet, and a fifth EMT balancing the torso One at the head, two at the feet, and a fourth EMT balancing the torso One at the head, one at the feet, and one on each side of the patient's torso Two at the head, one at the feet, and one on the left side of the patient's torso
One at the head, one at the feet, and one on each side of the patient's torso
_________ is a critical stage in the development of conscience-based decision making. Young adulthood Adolescence School age Preschool age
School age
Which of the following situations would require an urgent patient move? Conscious patient with abrasions and a possibly fractured humerus Imminent risk of a fire or explosion in or near the patient's vehicle Semiconscious patient with shallow respirations and signs of shock Stable patient who is blocking access to a critically injured patient
Semiconscious patient with shallow respirations and signs of shock
Which of the following will assume control of involuntary functions during shock? Somatic nervous system Parasympathetic nervous system Sympathetic nervous system Digestive system
Sympathetic nervous system
In which of the following situations is an emergency patient move indicated? A patient has an altered mental status or is in shock. The EMT is unable to protect the patient from scene hazards. The EMT has to gain access to less-injured patients in a vehicle. A significant mechanism of injury is involved.
The EMT is unable to protect the patient from scene hazards.
Which of the following statements regarding the neonatal isolette is correct? The isolette serves to keep the neonate warm and protects him or her from excess handling. A freestanding isolette should be used, not one that is secured to the stretcher. The safest type of isolette is one that takes the place of the ambulance stretcher. If an isolette is not available, the neonate can safely be transported on the stretcher.
The isolette serves to keep the neonate warm and protects him or her from excess handling.
Why is it most important to frequently reassess vital signs for a patient with possible shock? For billing purposes For documentation purposes To observe trends in the patient's condition To maintain skills proficiency
To observe trends in the patient's condition
Which of the following statements regarding toddlers and preschoolers is correct? The normal respiratory rate in toddlers and preschoolers is between 12 and 20 breaths/min. Toddlers and preschoolers have well-developed lung musculature, even though they have less lung tissue. Muscle mass and bone density decrease in toddlers and preschoolers because of increased physical activity. Toddlers and preschoolers commonly experience upper respiratory infections because of the loss of passive immunity.
Toddlers and preschoolers commonly experience upper respiratory infections because of the loss of passive immunity.
You are on the scene of an unresponsive patient struck by a vehicle. You have completed the primary assessment. What should you do next? Begin the secondary assessment. Transport the patient. Manage secondary injuries. Complete the reassessment.
Transport the patient.
Which of the following is an example of a trade name of a drug? Tylenol Ibuprofen Furosemide Nitroglycerin
Tylenol
When is it MOST appropriate to consider requesting additional ambulances at an accident scene? After you have triaged all the critical patients When you determine there are multiple patients After noncritical patients have been identified When all the deceased patients are accounted for
When you determine there are multiple patients
Which of the following statements regarding the secondary assessment is correct? If your general impression of a patient does not reveal any obvious life threats, you should proceed directly to the secondary assessment. The purpose of the secondary assessment is to systematically examine every patient from head to toe, regardless of the severity of his or her injury. You may not have time to perform a secondary assessment if you must continually manage life threats that were identified during the primary assessment. A focused secondary assessment would be the most appropriate approach for a patient who experienced significant trauma to multiple body systems.
You may not have time to perform a secondary assessment if you must continually manage life threats that were identified during the primary assessment.
When administering naloxone (Narcan) via the intranasal route, the EMT should administer: at least 2 mL into each nostril. a half dose into each nostril. a minimum of 2.5 mg. a maximum of 0.5 mL.
a half dose into each nostril.
A folding or portable stretcher is MOST beneficial when: a second patient must be transported on the squad bench of the ambulance. an injured patient cannot be placed on a long board due to severe back pain. a conscious, alert patient must be carried down several flights of steep stairs. a patient requires full spinal immobilization when spinal injury is suspected.
a second patient must be transported on the squad bench of the ambulance.
High-risk behaviors usually peak during ________. school age young adulthood middle adulthood adolescence
adolescence
The actual exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide occurs in the: bronchioles. alveolar sacs. apex of the lung. pulmonary capillaries.
alveolar sacs.
Widespread vasodilation, increased capillary permeability, and bronchoconstriction are the result of ___________. anaphylactic shock massive myocardial infarction cervical spine injury tension pneumothorax
anaphylactic shock
A 49-year-old male with an extensive cardiac history presents with 2 hours of crushing chest pain and shortness of breath. He is pale and diaphoretic and tells you that he feels like he is going to die. His medications include nitroglycerin, sildenafil (Viagra), and enalapril (Vasotec). His blood pressure is 140/90 mm Hg and his heart rate is 110 beats/min. In addition to administering supplemental oxygen if needed, you should: obtain physician approval to give the nitroglycerin. place him in a supine position and transport at once. administer one nitroglycerin and call medical control. ask him if he took his Viagra within the past 24 hours.
ask him if he took his Viagra within the past 24 hours.
Your patient is complaining of chest pain. He states it feels just like his last heart attack. You have applied oxygen with no relief. He does not take any medications. His BP is 88/64, pulse is 100, and respirations are 20. Your treatment should include ___________. aspirin nitroglycerin albuterol MDI epinephrine
aspirin
You and your partner are treating a 66-year-old man who experienced a sudden onset of respiratory distress. He is conscious but is unable to follow simple verbal commands. Further assessment reveals that his breathing is severely labored and his oxygen saturation is 80%. You should: attempt to insert an oropharyngeal airway. assist his ventilations with a bag-valve mask. administer continuous positive airway pressure. apply high-flow oxygen via nonrebreathing mask.
assist his ventilations with a bag-valve mask.
A construction worker fell approximately 30 feet. He is semiconscious with rapid, shallow respirations. Further assessment reveals deformity to the thoracic region of his spine. His blood pressure is 70/50 mm Hg, his pulse is 66 beats/min and weak, and his skin is warm and dry. In addition to spinal immobilization and rapid transport, the MOST appropriate treatment for this patient includes: oxygen via nonrebreathing mask, blankets for warmth, and elevation of his head. assisted ventilation, thermal management, and elevation of the lower extremities. oxygen via nonrebreathing mask, thermal management, and elevation of his legs. assisted ventilation, preventing hyperthermia, and elevating his lower extremities.
assisted ventilation, thermal management, and elevation of the lower extremities.
The branch of medicine concerned with the management of obesity and allied diseases is: geriatrics bariatrics. biomechanics. pediatrics.
bariatrics
The MOST appropriate carrying device to use when moving a patient across rough or uneven terrain is the: stair chair. wheeled stretcher. scoop stretcher. basket stretcher.
basket stretcher.
Subcutaneous injections deliver the medication: directly into the muscle tissue. between the skin and the muscle. below the first layer of muscle. through the mucosa under the tongue.
between the skin and the muscle.
A medication with antagonistic properties is one that: stimulates receptor sites and allows other chemicals to attach to them. enhances the effects of another medication when given in a higher dose. blocks receptor sites and prevents other chemicals from attaching to them. produces a cumulative effect when mixed with the same type of medication.
blocks receptor sites and prevents other chemicals from attaching to them.
Age-related shrinkage of the brain increases the risk of ___________. brain injury forgetfulness loss of motor control dementia
brain injury
One of the primary waste products of normal cellular metabolism that must be removed from the body by the lungs is: lactic acid. carbon dioxide. pyruvic acid. carbon monoxide.
carbon dioxide.
Oxygen toxicity is a condition in which: excessive blood oxygen levels cause the hypoxic patient to stop breathing. cellular tissue damage occurs from excessive oxygen levels in the blood. significantly low levels of oxygen in the blood damage the cellular tissue. decreased levels of oxygen in the blood result in free radical production.
cellular tissue damage occurs from excessive oxygen levels in the blood.
The jaw-thrust maneuver is used to open the airway of patients with suspected: mandibular fractures. upper airway swelling. cervical spine injuries. copious oral secretions.
cervical spine injuries.
Capillary sphincters are: under complete control of the voluntary portion of the nervous system. capable of dilating in order to increase perfusion to crucial body organs. responsible for constricting to compensate for decreased cell perfusion. circular muscular walls that regulate blood flow through the capillaries.
circular muscular walls that regulate blood flow through the capillaries.
While en route to the scene of a shooting, the dispatcher advises you that the caller states that the perpetrator has fled the scene. You should: ask the dispatcher if he or she knows the location of the perpetrator. confirm this information with law enforcement personnel at the scene. request law enforcement personnel if the scene is unsafe upon arrival. proceed to the scene as usual but exercise extreme caution upon arrival.
confirm this information with law enforcement personnel at the scene.
General guidelines for carrying a patient on a stretcher include: maintaining slight flexion of your back. leaning back from your waist when lifting. slightly twisting your body when carrying. constant communication with your partners.
constant communication with your partners.
You are dispatched to a movie theater for a 39-year-old female with signs and symptoms of an allergic reaction. As you are assessing her, she pulls an epinephrine auto-injector out of her purse and hands it to you. After confirming the drug's name and expiration date, you should: administer the drug. contact medical control. ask her if she takes other medications. request an ALS ambulance to administer the drug.
contact medical control.
You are attending to a 26-year-old suspected overdose patient who is unresponsive. As part of your care, you administer naloxone to reverse the effects of the suspected opioid overdose. Immediately after administering the drug you realize that while the dose and the route were correct, the patient condition did not warrant Naloxone as per your local protocols. Your most appropriate next step should be to: notify your medical control as quickly as possible. take careful notes on the patient condition so that you can accurately complete the required documentation later. continue to provide care for the patient and address any issues that the naloxone administration may have caused. discuss the situation with your partner so that it will not be repeated.
continue to provide care for the patient and address any issues that the naloxone administration may have caused.
The __________ cartilage is a firm ring that forms the inferior part of the larynx. cricoid thyroid laryngeal pyriform
cricoid
A 50-year-old male is found unconscious in his car. There were no witnesses to the event. When gathering medical history information for this patient, the EMT should: wait for family members to arrive before asking any questions. defer SAMPLE history questions until you arrive at the hospital. determine if the patient has a medical alert bracelet or wallet card. ask law enforcement officials if they are familiar with the patient.
determine if the patient has a medical alert bracelet or wallet card.
When evaluating a patient with multiple complaints, the EMT's responsibility is to: direct his or her attention to the most obvious signs and symptoms. determine which complaint poses the greatest threat to the patient's life. definitively rule out serious causes of each of the patient's complaints. assess each complaint based on the patient's perception of its seriousness.
determine which complaint poses the greatest threat to the patient's life.
The pulse oximeter is an assessment tool used to evaluate the: percentage of red blood cells. effectiveness of oxygenation. saturation level of venous blood. amount of exhaled carbon dioxide.
effectiveness of oxygenation.
Breathing is often more difficult in older adults because the: elasticity of the lungs decreases. surface area of the alveoli increases. overall size of the airway decreases. diaphragm and intercostal muscles enlarge.
elasticity of the lungs decreases.
A 37-year-old male has an apparent foreign body airway obstruction. He is conscious and alert and is coughing forcefully. His skin is pink, warm, and moist. The MOST appropriate treatment for this patient includes: a series of back blows and chest thrusts. finger sweeps to remove the obstruction. a series of abdominal thrusts. encouraging him to cough and transporting.
encouraging him to cough and transporting.
The purpose of the pin-indexing system for compressed gas cylinders is to: ensure that the correct regulator is used for the cylinder. help you determine what type of oxygen regulator to use. prevent destroying or stripping the threads on the cylinder. reduce the cylinder pressure to a safe and more useful range.
ensure that the correct regulator is used for the cylinder.
Prior to applying medical restraints to a combative patient, you should: have at least three rescuers present: one for the upper extremities, one for the lower extremities, and one for the head. place the patient in a prone position to avoid airway and breathing compromise once restrained and placed onto the stretcher. advise the patient that medical restraint is necessary, but can be removed if he or she cooperates with you during transport. evaluate the patient for potentially correctible causes of combativeness, such as head injury, hypoxia, or hypoglycemia.
evaluate the patient for potentially correctible causes of combativeness, such as head injury, hypoxia, or hypoglycemia.
Activated charcoal is frequently suspended in sorbitol, a complex sugar that: significantly slows the process of digestion. binds to any chemicals that are in the stomach. facilitates movement through the digestive system. disguises the unpleasant taste of the activated charcoal.
facilitates movement through the digestive system.
A 27-year-old male was stabbed in the chest during a disagreement at a poker game. As you approach him, you see that a knife is impaled in his chest. Before you make physical contact with the patient, it is MOST important to: form a general impression. call for an ALS ambulance. follow standard precautions. ask bystanders what happened.
follow standard precautions.
The __________ of a medication usually dictates the route by which it will be administered. type form class name
form
CPAP is indicated for patients who: have signs of pneumonia but are breathing adequately. are unresponsive and have signs of inadequate ventilation. have pulmonary edema and can follow verbal commands. are hypotensive and have a marked reduction in tidal volume.
have pulmonary edema and can follow verbal commands.
You suspect that a 75-year-old man has internal injuries after he fell and struck his ribs and abdomen on the corner of a table. When assessing and treating an injured patient of this age, you must recall that: his ability to physiologically compensate for his injury may be impaired due to an inability to increase cardiac output. it is not uncommon to observe heart rates in excess of 150 beats/min in elderly patients with internal injuries. blood pressure is usually adequately maintained because the blood vessels of older people can contract easily. functional blood volume in patients of this age steadily increases due to increased production of red blood cells.
his ability to physiologically compensate for his injury may be impaired due to an inability to increase cardiac output.
The body's attempt to maintain balance of all systems of the body is called ________. homeostasis equilibrium perfusion automaticity
homeostasis
If ventilation is impaired, carbon dioxide levels in the bloodstream will increase. This condition is called: acidosis. hypoxia. hypoxemia. hypercarbia.
hypercarbia
Shock is the result of: hypoperfusion to the cells of the body. the body's maintenance of homeostasis. temporary dysfunction of a major organ. widespread constriction of the blood vessels.
hypoperfusion to the cells of the body.
The goal of the primary assessment is to: determine if the patient's problem is medical or traumatic. identify patients that require transport to a trauma center. determine the need to perform a head-to-toe assessment. identify and rapidly treat all life-threatening conditions.
identify and rapidly treat all life-threatening conditions.
You respond to a call for a female pedestrian who has been struck by a car. As your partner maintains manual stabilization of her head, you perform a primary assessment. She is unconscious, has ineffective breathing, and has bloody secretions in her mouth. You should: assist her breathing with a bag-valve mask. quickly insert an oropharyngeal airway. assess the rate and quality of her pulse. immediately suction her oropharynx
immediately suction her oropharynx
Patients with chest pain or dyspnea should normally be transported __________. supine in a position of comfort in the Trendelenburg position semi-Fowler
in a position of comfort
Hypoxia is MOST accurately defined as: low venous oxygen levels. a decrease in arterial oxygen levels. an increase in carbon dioxide in the blood. inadequate oxygen to the tissues and cells.
inadequate oxygen to the tissues and cells.
All of the following will help minimize the risk of gastric distention when ventilating an apneic patient with a bag-valve mask, EXCEPT: delivering each breath over 1 second. ensuring the appropriate airway position. ventilating the patient at the appropriate rate. increasing the amount of delivered tidal volume.
increasing the amount of delivered tidal volume.
Children from 1 month to 1 year of age are called ________. neonates infants newborns preemies
infants
All of the following conditions should make you suspect shock, EXCEPT: anaphylaxis. spinal injury. severe infection. ischemic stroke.
ischemic stroke.
Hypotension in a child with blunt or penetrating trauma is particularly significant because: it typically develops earlier in children than it does in adults. the most likely cause of the hypotension is respiratory failure. it often indicates the loss of half of his or her blood volume. most children with hypotension die in the prehospital setting.
it often indicates the loss of half of his or her blood volume.
When carrying a patient on a backboard up or down stairs: keep your palms facing down. keep the head end elevated. carry the patient headfirst. keep the foot end elevated.
keep the head end elevated.
The FIRST rule of safe lifting is to: always lift with your palms facing down. spread your legs approximately 20" apart. keep your back in a slightly curved position. keep your back in a straight, vertical position.
keep your back in a straight, vertical position.
When using a body drag to pull a patient who is on the ground, you should: kneel to minimize the distance that you will have to lean over. extend your elbows as far beyond your anterior torso as possible. bend your back laterally to maximize your amount of pulling power. avoid situations involving strenuous effort lasting more than 5 minutes.
kneel to minimize the distance that you will have to lean over.
A critical aspect of the rapid extrication technique is to: maintain stabilization of the spine at all times. move the patient as quickly as you possibly can. extricate the patient with one coordinated move. apply a vest-style device before moving the patient.
maintain stabilization of the spine at all times.
A drug is contraindicated for a patient when it: is used to treat a multitude of conditions. may cause harm or has no positive effect. produces actions other than the desired ones. is used to treat a specific medical condition.
may cause harm or has no positive effect.
Tidal volume is defined as the volume of air that: is moved through the lungs in a single minute. moves into or out of the lungs in a single breath. remains in the lungs following a complete exhalation. is forced into the lungs as a result of positive pressure.
moves into or out of the lungs in a single breath.
EMTs arrive at the scene of a patient who was "found down." A family member states that she gave naloxone (Narcan) to the patient before the ambulance arrived. The EMTs should suspect that the patient: overdosed on an opioid drug. has a low blood glucose level. experienced a prolonged seizure. has a history of allergic reactions.
overdosed on an opioid drug.
In infants and small children, skin color should be assessed on the: forehead. palms and soles. chest and abdomen. underside of the arms.
palms and soles.
You have inserted an oral airway and are ventilating an apneic woman with a bag-valve mask. She suddenly begins regurgitating large amounts of vomit. You should: perform a finger sweep of her mouth. insert a nasal airway and then suction her mouth. roll her onto her side and remove the oral airway. remove the oral airway and suction her oropharynx.
roll her onto her side and remove the oral airway.
Generally, parenteral medications are more commonly used in the emergency setting as opposed to enteral medications. The characteristic that separates the two routes with respect to administration in the emergency setting is: enteral medications are often liquid and can be administered using syringes and needles. enteral routes offer a more predictable and measurable response. parenteral routes tend to be absorbed more quickly than enteral. parenteral medications tend to have fewer side effects.
parenteral routes tend to be absorbed more quickly than enteral.
The MOST serious complication associated with using a nasopharyngeal airway in a patient with trauma to the head or face is: fracturing the septum. damaging the turbinates. penetrating the cranium. causing severe bleeding.
penetrating the cranium.
The MOST effective way to determine whether your patient's problem is medical or traumatic in origin is to: perform a careful and thorough assessment. establish the patient's medical history early. take note of the patient's general appearance. ask if bystanders are familiar with the patient.
perform a careful and thorough assessment.
You are attending to a 24-year-old male asthmatic complaining of shortness of breath and wheezing. There are several bystanders in a crowded room. The patient tells you that he would have taken his own albuterol but he was so embarrassed and upset that he could not hold his MDI steady. In helping the patient to self administer his medication in accordance with local protocols, you are: performing peer-assisted medication administration. performing patient-assisted medication administration. working outside your scope of practice and should administer your own MDI to the patient. working outside your scope of practice as this sort of administration may only be done under the direct order of your medical control.
performing patient-assisted medication administration.
During your assessment of a 6-month-old male with vomiting and diarrhea, you note that his capillary refill time is approximately 4 seconds. From this information, you should conclude that the infant's: respiratory status is adequate. systolic blood pressure is normal. peripheral circulation is decreased. skin temperature is abnormally cold.
peripheral circulation is decreased.
Patients develop septic shock secondary to: poor vessel function and severe volume loss. an infection that weakens cardiac contractions. failure of the blood vessels to adequately dilate. weak vessel tone caused by nervous system damage.
poor vessel function and severe volume loss.
A 59-year-old male presents with severe vomiting and diarrhea of 3 days' duration. He is confused and diaphoretic, and his radial pulses are absent. His blood pressure is 78/50 mm Hg. After applying supplemental oxygen, you should: perform a head-to-toe exam. allow him to drink plain water. obtain a repeat blood pressure in 5 minutes. prepare for immediate transport.
prepare for immediate transport.
An infant or small toddler would MOST likely gain trust in a person who: provides an organized, routine environment. maintains eye contact, even if the person is a stranger. frequently changes the infant or toddler's regular routine. does not tower over him or her and avoids painful procedures.
provides an organized, routine environment.
Temporary, widespread vasodilation and syncope caused by a sudden nervous system reaction MOST accurately describes: vasovagal shock. neurogenic shock. psychogenic shock. neurologic shock.
psychogenic shock.
During the primary assessment, circulation is evaluated by assessing: skin quality, blood pressure, and capillary refill. pulse quality, external bleeding, and skin condition. blood pressure, pulse rate, and external bleeding. external bleeding, skin condition, and capillary refill.
pulse quality, external bleeding, and skin condition.
Many effects of aging can be diminished by ___________. varying the sleep cycle regular exercise avoiding prescription medications reducing outdoor activities
regular exercise
When performing a reassessment of your patient, you should first: obtain updated vital signs. reassess your interventions. repeat the primary assessment. confirm medical history findings.
repeat the primary assessment.
You and your partner respond to the scene of a 49-year-old male with acute abdominal pain. As you enter his residence, you find him lying on the floor in severe pain. He is conscious and alert. The patient appears to weigh in excess of 350 lb. Your FIRST action should be to: request the fire department if one attempt to move him fails. encourage the patient to walk himself to the awaiting ambulance. assess him and then move him to the stretcher with a direct carry. request additional personnel before making any attempts to lift him.
request additional personnel before making any attempts to lift him.
You are attending to a 52-year-old female patient who appears to have suffered a stroke. The patient is alone in her apartment and is unable to speak or communicate with you. In determining her medical history, it is most appropriate to: search for and document all medications (prescription and nonprescription) that the patient may be taking. search for and document the prescription medications that the patient may be taking. restrict your search to the medications that the patient has in their possession only. transport the patient; collecting medications will not help facilitate the immediate or ongoing patient care.
search for and document all medications (prescription and nonprescription) that the patient may be taking.
When a person is standing upright, the weight of anything being lifted and carried in the hands is FIRST reflected onto the: pelvic girdle. spinal column. thigh muscles. shoulder girdle.
shoulder girdle.
In contrast to secure attachment, anxious-avoidant attachment occurs when a child: becomes acutely anxious in the presence of strangers or in unfamiliar surroundings. clings to a parent or caregiver because he or she knows that the person can be trusted. shows little emotional response to a parent or caregiver following repeated rejection. reaches out and explores because he or she knows that the parents are there as a safety net.
shows little emotional response to a parent or caregiver following repeated rejection.
You are attending to a 54-year-old male patient complaining of chest pain that appears to be cardiac in origin. As part of your management of the patient, you administer nitroglycerin as long as the patient meets defined conditions. This is an example of: online medical control. standing orders. peer-assisted medication administration. patient-assisted medication administration.
standing orders.
Infants often fall head first because ___________. they usually fall backward when moving, not forward they are prone to syncopal episodes their blood pressure falls sharply upon standing their head is large and heavy in proportion to their body
their head is large and heavy in proportion to their body
In order to recognize and treat early shock, the EMT must ___________. wait until the patient's blood pressure falls request ALS assistance for all trauma patients contact medical direction understand the pathophysiology of shock
understand the pathophysiology of shock
You are attending to a 3-year-old female who fell off her bicycle and struck her head on the curb. The patient is alert and crying. When you attempt to immobilize her on a backboard, she becomes very upset and agitated. The most suitable alternative to the backboard is to: utilize a short backboard. utilize a basket stretcher. utilize a vacuum mattress. utilize a flexible stretcher.
utilize a vacuum mattress.
The nasal cannula is MOST appropriately used in the prehospital setting: when the patient cannot tolerate a nonrebreathing mask. if the patient's nasopharynx is obstructed by secretions. if long-term supplemental oxygen administration is required. when the patient breathes primarily through his or her mouth.
when the patient cannot tolerate a nonrebreathing mask.