Chapters 7 and 8 Textbook Quiz

What was the importance of the Louisiana Purchase?

It gave the United States control of the port of New Orleans for trade.

Which of the following was not true of Jay's Treaty of 1794?

It gave the United States land rights in the West Indies.

In what ways does the United States Constitution manifest the principles of both republican and democratic forms of government? In what ways does it deviate from those principles?

Many of the delegates to the Constitutional Convention had serious reservations about democracy, which they believed promoted anarchy. To allay these fears, the Constitution blunted democratic tendencies that appeared to undermine the republic. Thus, to avoid giving the people too much direct power, the delegates made certain that senators were chosen by the state legislatures, not elected directly by the people (direct elections of senators came with the Seventeenth Amendment to the Constitution, ratified in 1913). As an additional safeguard, the delegates created the Electoral College, the mechanism for choosing the president. Under this plan, each state has a certain number of electors, which is its number of senators (two) plus its number of representatives in the House of Representatives. Critics, then as now, argue that this process prevents the direct election of the president.

Which of the following states had the most democratic constitution in the 1780s?

Pennsylvania

Which of the following figures did not actively challenge the status of women in the early American republic?

Phillis Wheatley

What was the primary complaint of the rebels in the Whiskey Rebellion?

the tax on whiskey and rum

What prompted the Embargo of 1807?

The British navy captured American ships on the high seas and impressed their sailors into service for the British.

Anti-Federalists

those who opposed the 1787 Constitution and favored stronger individual states

Federalists

those who supported the 1787 Constitution and a strong central government; these advocates of the new national government formed the ruling political party in the 1790s

In what ways did the events of this era pose challenges to the U.S. Constitution? What constitutional issues were raised, and how were they addressed?

This era posed many challenges because of the competing visions of the Federalists and Democratic Republicans, The New American Republic, Partisan Politics, and the United States went back to war

Which state had the clearest separation of church and state?

Virginia

Democratic-Republicans

advocates of limited government who were troubled by the expansive domestic policies of Washington's administration and opposed the Federalists

How was the U.S. Constitution ratified?

by each state at special ratifying conventions

Which of the following was not one of Franklin's thirteen virtues?

mercy

What was the primary issue of Adams's presidency?

relations with France

To what form of government did the American revolutionaries turn after the war for independence?

republicanism

What led to the passage of the Alien and Sedition Acts? What made them so controversial?

the Alien and Sedition Acts, aimed to increase national security against what most had come to regard as the French menace. The Alien Act and the Alien Enemies Act took particular aim at French immigrants fleeing the West Indies by giving the president the power to deport new arrivals who appeared to be a threat to national security. The act expired in 1800 with no immigrants having been deported. The Sedition Act imposed harsh penalties—up to five years' imprisonment and a massive fine of $5,000 in 1790 dollars—on those convicted of speaking or writing "in a scandalous or malicious" manner against the government of the United States. Twenty-five men, all Democratic-Republicans, were indicted under the act, and ten were convicted. One of these was Congressman Matthew Lyon (Figure), representative from Vermont, who had launched his own newspaper, The Scourge Of Aristocracy and Repository of Important Political Truth.

What event inspired "The Star-Spangled Banner"?

the British bombardment of Baltimore

Which plan resolved the issue of representation for the U.S. Constitution?

the Connecticut Compromise

Which of the following events is not an example of partisan acrimony?

the XYZ affair

three-fifths compromise

the agreement at the Constitutional Convention that each slave would count as three-fifths of a person for purposes of representation

Marbury v. Madison

the landmark 1803 case establishing the Supreme Court's powers of judicial review, specifically the power to review and possibly nullify actions of Congress and the president

Under the Articles of Confederation, what power did the national Confederation Congress have?

the power to create land ordinances

Which of Alexander Hamilton's financial policies and programs seemed to benefit speculators at the expense of poor soldiers?

the public credit plan

Which of the following is not one of the rights the Bill of Rights guarantees?

the right to an education