Check for Understanding CH 6

Lauren is studying for her final exam in her psychology class. For every 45 minutes that she studies, she gives herself a mini doughnut, then goes back to studying. What schedule of reinforcement is Lauren using?

Fixed Interval

According to Albert Bandura, which is the correct order of steps in the modeling process?

Attention, Retention, Reproduction, Motivation

After the acquisition phase, the presentation of the white rat was enough to cause Little Albert to cry. The white rat was the:

Conditioned stimuli

How would Mr. Purdue implement observational learning in his class?

Mr. Pudue can assign his student to watch a movie that demonstrates how to use operant conditioning to shape a dog's behavior

Kelly and Jeff live together, and Kelly constantly yells at Jeff to clean his dishes in the kitchen. She tells him that she will stop nagging if he does the chore. He finally cleans the dishes and Kelly, in turn, stops nagging him. As a result, Jeff is more likely to clean his dishes in the future. What is this scenario an example of?

Negative reinforcement

Cecilia is very afraid of snakes and yet she has never seen one. How might she have developed this fear?

Observational learning

Dr. Soreth is teaching a pigeon to peck a green button. First she reinforces the pigeon for turning toward the green button, then for approaching the button, and so on in very small steps. She does this until the pigeon is successfully and consistently pecking the button. What principle of learning is Dr. Soreth using?

Shaping

Stuart acquires a classically conditioned phobia of ducks. Now he shows a phobic response not just to ducks, but to other birds as well, especially ones that can swim. What are the changes in his phobia an example of?

Stimulus generalization

Dr. Walsh is interested in seeing whether symptoms of depression can be manipulated using principles of classical conditioning. For several weeks of an experiment, he gives a group of patients a sweetened soda that has a mood-enhancing drug in it and notices that symptoms of depression improve significantly. Then, he removes the drug from the beverage and notices that the symptoms are still improved when the patients consume the soda. Which of the following is the conditioned stimulus in Dr. Walsh's experiment?

The mood-enhancing drug is the unconditioned stimuli. The sweetened soda is the conditioned stimuli.

Tim is a snowboard salesman. For every 15 snowboards he sells, his company gives him a monetary bonus. What schedule of reinforcement describes Tim's bonus arrangement?

fixed ratio

When you moved from the countryside into the city, you found that the sound of traffic initially kept you awake at night, but after a while, you slept right through the noise. You benefited from a process called:

habituation

In humans, when we feel extremely cold, we get goosebumps. Goosebumps are

innate behavior

In Thorndike's law of effect (Operant Conditioning), events critical for conditioning and learning

occur after the behavior

When learning occurs through vicarious punishment,

the behavior observed is less likely to be performed

Extinction occurs when

the neutral stimulus is presented repeatedly without being paired with conditioned stimulus

According to classical conditioning, the conditioned stimuli

was a neutral stimuli