Chem 1 Atomic Structure and Nuclear Chemistry

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Atomic Mass

The weighted average mass of an element's isotopes.

Determined the mass-to-charge ratio of an electron

Thomson

The type of radioactive particle that can be stopped by a sheet of paper is the ____.

Alpha Particle.

A helium nucleus with two protons and two neutrons is called a(n) ____.

Alpha particle.

Isotopes

Atoms with the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons

Fast-moving electrons.

Beta Radiation

A(n) _____ is a high energy electron.

Beta particle.

A particle that moves around the nucleus is a(n) ____.

Electron.

The most penetrating type of radiation is the ____.

Gamma Ray

Gamma Ray

High-energy radiation that has no charge and no mass

Fusion reactions require ____.

Incredibly high temperatures.

Atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons are called ____.

Isotopes.

Calculated the mass of an electron

Millikan

The number of stable isotopes that exist compared to the number of unstable isotopes is _____.

Much less.

A reaction that involves a change in an atom's nucleus.

Nuclear reaction

Energy

One product of all nuclear fission reactions.

Radioactive Decay

Process (not requiring energy) by which unstable nuclei lose energy

Radioactivity

Process whereby some substances spontaneously emit radiation

Both a fusion reaction and a fission reaction ____.

Produce energy.

The rays and particles that are emitted by a radioactive material.

Radiation

Alpha Radiation

Radiation deflected toward the negatively charged plate

Beta Radiation

Radiation deflected toward the positively charged plate.

The process in which an unstable nucleus loses energy spontaneously

Radioactive Decay

Proposed the nuclear atomic model

Rutherford

The mass of an electron is _____.

Smaller than the mass of a proton, a tiny fraction of the mass of an atom, smaller than the mass of a neutron.

Dalton's Atomic Theory

States that all matter is composed of atoms

Nucleus

The center-most part of an atom where the protons and neutrons are contained

Gamma Rays

The most penetrating form of nuclear radiation.

Radiation

The rays and particles emitted by radioactive material

Atom

The smallest particle of an element that retains the properties of that element.

Thorium-234 has a half-life of 24 days. If you started with a 100-g sample of thorium-234, how much would remain after 48 days?

25g

The half-life of calcium-47 is about 5 days. Starting with 64 g of this isotope, what would be the amount remaining after 20 days?

4g

A certain atom has 26 protons, 26 electrons, and 30 neutrons. Its mass number is ____.

56

Which of the following isotopes is not commonly used for dating objects?

phosphorus-32


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